When mothers initially feed their babies, they make them lie on their laps, however, the same position may not be safe when the baby is feeding off the bottle.

It is important to feed your baby through the bottle in a semi-upright position and support their head. Do not feed them lying down, as formula or the milk from the bottle can flow into the middle ear, and cause infection. Also, unlike breast and its nipple, the bottle does not have the mechanism to ensure that milk is being overflowed. Also, in order to prevent your little ones from swallowing air as they suck, tilt the bottle so that the formula fills the neck of the bottles and covers the nipple.

How can you choose the right bottle for you?

While some babies happily drink from any bottle, some are much pickier. Yes, you read it right, babies need different bottles, based on how their bodies react after being fed.

If you have a baby with gas, it is best to try a bottle with a venting system. Now, this allows your baby to avoid air in the milk while feeding. Such bottles mimic the shape and feel of a breast or an actual nipple. Bottles with fewer parts are also easier to clean, which could be great during the middle-of-the-night feedings.

For new moms, it is also a great advice to start with a slow-flow nipple to avoid overwhelming your baby and switch to a faster flow when they seem to hold the bottle themselves and can finish milk in less time.

What should you follow when you bottle feed your baby?

As per the National Health Scheme (UK), NHS UK, it is important to be prepared to experiment well with the kind of bottles that suits your baby the best. Thee is no evidence that only one type of teat or bottle is better than any other.

It is always best to ensure that you screw the top tightly into the bottle before you feed your baby.

Bottle Feeding and The Right Positions

Bottle feeding is more than just feeding and nourishing your baby, it is also an opportunity to bond with your babies. Babies also feel secure when their caregivers are feeding. This is why it is important that even before you start bottle feeding, you first find a comfortable spot to sit with your baby close to you. Look at them and gently hold the and talk as you feed.

Hold your baby in a semi-upright position during bottle feeds, with their head supported. This ensures they can breathe and swallow comfortably. Brush the teat gently against their lips, and when they open their mouth wide, let them draw the teat in.

Take your time—babies feed at their own pace, so be patient and allow them plenty of time to enjoy their meal.

Do not leave your baby un-monitored

Always supervise your baby during feeding sessions. Do not prop the bottle or leave them alone with it. This can also cause choking hazard, or the milk could pool in their mouth which could increase ear infections.

The bottle's position matters as much as baby's position. When feeding, hold the bottle in a horizontal position, tipping it slightly. This helps the milk flow steadily and reduces the amount of air your baby may swallow. If the teat flattens, gently pull the corner of your baby’s mouth to release the suction. Should the teat become blocked, replace it with a fresh, sterile one.

Parenting test that ensures that individuals are ready to take responsibility of a child sounds good, until its turns into a trauma of lifetime, where not scoring enough or failing that test leads to separation of the child from his parents. So is the case of many parents in Denmark, who have to undergo this parental scrutiny. Keira, being one of them, had just given birth to her daughter last November, but she knew that she only had two hours before her newborn would be taken into care.

She tells BBC, “Right when she came out, I started counting the minutes,” she recalls, adding that she couldn’t stop looking at the clock to see how long they had together. When the moment came, Keira says she sobbed uncontrollably, whispering “sorry” to her baby. “It felt like a part of my soul died”

She is a Greenlandic parent, among many, living in Denmark, who are now fighting to get their children back after they were removed by social services. In many of these cases, authorities have relied on the competency assessments, known as FKUs. This test determines where parents are fit to raise their children.

What Is the Danish Parenting Competency Test?

The FKU, or “parenting competency test,” was a psychometric assessment used by Danish child protection authorities to evaluate whether parents were fit to raise their children. In theory, the test aimed to protect children by identifying families in crisis or parents unable to provide adequate care. In practice, however, it became a tool of controversy—especially when applied to Greenlandic families.

The test assessed parents in a series of areas, such as their responses to imagined scenarios, self-concept, physical and mental well-being, outlook on life, and plans for the future. Most importantly, it was based on Western conception of good parenthood and delivered in Danish, with minimal attention to Greenlandic language, customs, or kinship systems. This incompatibility resulted in regular misinterpretations of the capacity of Greenlandic parents and sometimes led to children being taken from their parents.

Greenlandic children have traditionally been disproportionately represented in Denmark's child welfare system. Approximately 7% of Greenland-born children and 5% of children who have at least one Greenlandic parent are placed out-of-home. That's in sharp contrast to only 1% of the general Danish child population.

"Not Civilized Enough To Act Like A Human Being"

These assessments, which were banned for use on Greenlandic families in May after decades of criticism, remain legal for Danish families. They often take months and involve cognitive exercises, personality testing, interviews, memory challenges, and general knowledge questions.

According to Keira, some of the questions she faced felt irrelevant and culturally disconnected. “Who is Mother Teresa?” and “How long does it take for the sun’s rays to reach the Earth?” were among the things she was asked. She also recalls being made to play with a doll and criticized for not making enough eye contact. Keira alleges a psychologist even told her the test was meant to determine “if you are civilized enough, if you can act like a human being”.

While defenders of FKUs say they offer an objective framework, critics argue the tests cannot reliably predict parenting ability and are designed around Danish cultural norms. They are administered in Danish, not Kalaallisut, Greenland’s primary language, something many say leads to miscommunication and unfair evaluations.

A Disproportionate Impact

Greenlanders are Danish citizens, and thousands live on the mainland for work, education, and healthcare. Yet studies highlight stark disparities. Greenlandic parents in Denmark are 5.6 times more likely to have their children taken into care compared to Danish parents, according to the Danish Centre for Social Research.

The Danish government announced plans to review around 300 cases involving Greenlandic children, including those shaped by FKU results. But as of October, the BBC found only 10 cases involving the tests had been reviewed—and not a single child had been returned.

Keira’s own assessment concluded she lacked “sufficient parental competencies to care for the newborn independently”. Despite the ruling, she keeps cots in her home, along with baby clothes and framed photos of Zammi. She visits her daughter once a week, bringing flowers or traditional Greenlandic dishes—“just so a little part of her culture can be with her,” she says.

No Chance Of Reviewing The Test

Unlike Keira, some parents will never see their cases reconsidered. Johanne and Ulrik, whose son was adopted in 2020, have been told their case will not be reopened. Johanne had undergone an FKU in 2019 that labelled her “narcissistic” and described her as having “mental retardation,” based on criteria then used by the WHO claims she rejects.

Their baby was also meant to be taken immediately after birth, but because he arrived prematurely on Boxing Day while social workers were on holiday, the couple spent 17 days with him. “It was the happiest time of my life as a father,” Ulrik says, describing those days of feeding, changing nappies, and helping Johanne pump milk.

When authorities eventually arrived, two social workers and two police officers, the couple begged them not to take their son. Johanne asked to breastfeed him one last time. Ulrik remembers dressing his child before handing him to foster parents: “I felt the most horrific heartbreak”.

The couple no longer have access to their son but hope to take their case to the European Court of Human Rights. Denmark’s social affairs minister told the BBC the government will not revisit adoption cases because each child is now with a “loving and caring family.”

Experts disagree sharply on the validity of FKUs. Former test administrator Isak Nellemann says the assessments “are very important, about the most important thing,” claiming that when results are poor, “in about 90% [of cases] they will lose their children”. He also argues that some components lack scientific validity.

However, Turi Frederiksen, a senior psychologist, told BBC that while imperfect, the tests remain “valuable, extensive psychological tools” and denies they are biased against Greenlanders.

Rare Union That Is The Only Ray Of Hope Of Childless Parents

Among the few who have successfully regained custody is Pilinguaq, whose daughter was returned more than four years after being placed into care. The mother still struggles to rebuild trust; even briefly leaving the room can cause her daughter to panic. “If I go to the bathroom and close the door, she will have a panic attack,” she told BBC.

Her two older children are expected to return home soon as well, decisions made by local authorities, not the national review.

Keira continues to prepare for Zammi’s first birthday by building a traditional Greenlandic sleigh decorated with a polar bear. Earlier this month she was informed that her daughter will not be coming home yet—but she refuses to give up.

“I will not stop fighting for my children,” she says. “If I don’t finish this fight, it will be my children’s fight in the future”.

Upasana Konnidela, during her visit to IIT Hyderabad, as the Vice Chairperson of Corporate Social Responsibility at Apollo Hospitals, she told students: “The biggest insurance for women is to save your eggs. Because then you can choose when to get married, when you want to have kids on your own terms, when you are financially independent. Today, I stand on my own two feet, I earn a living for myself.” However, egg freezing is becoming popular now and has many benefits. It brings emotional comfort to the women planning their future. This procedure has become a growing source of confidence and reassurance for today’s women. In this article, the expert explains what is egg freezing, who is advised it, the benefits. It is time to clear all the misconceptions regarding egg freezing and help women to preserve their eggs for the future use.

Egg freezing, or oocyte cryopreservation has become popular over the years among women who wish to preserve their fertility. So, egg freezing is a process where a woman’s mature eggs are collected, frozen at very low temperatures, and stored for future use. This allows women to use their younger, healthier eggs later in life when they decide the time is right for pregnancy. This procedure is widely chosen by the women now. The process is initiated with hormone injections that help the ovaries produce multiple mature eggs instead of just one. After that, the woman will be regularly monitored with the help of ultrasound scans and blood tests. Once the eggs are ready, they are retrieved and frozen. When the woman chooses to conceive, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and used for IVF.

Who should opt for egg freezing: Those women who wish to postpone their pregnancy because of career aspirations, education. Ones detected with endometriosis, autoimmune diseases, or low ovarian reserve. Women with cancer who may have to undergo chemotherapy or radiation. So, it is necessary to consult an expert who will explain to you about this procedure.

The benefits: It tends to offer emotional security to women and give them enough time and freedom to plan pregnancies without the pressure of a biological clock. It improves the chances of having a healthy pregnancy later, using eggs preserved at a younger age.

Facts related to this procedure: Egg freezing helps women preserve their fertility by storing healthy eggs at a younger age, giving them more control over future family planning. Women shouldn’t worry as this procedure is extremely safe, and widely chosen by women and is supported by modern technology that keeps egg quality intact for years. Egg freezing is indeed a boon for women. So, women shouldn’t hesitate and come forward to freeze their eggs.

Here, the expert also debunks myths linked to egg freezing

Myth: Egg freezing is extremely expensive

This is one of the most common misconceptions. Currently, many hospitals offer affordable pricing, EMI options, and flexible packages for women and thus, it has brought a sense of relief for them. As awareness increases, many women are finding that egg freezing is far more accessible than they believed.

Myth: Only rich or celebrity women opt for egg freezing

Many working professionals, teachers, healthcare workers, IT employees, and women from all backgrounds are opting for this procedure.

Myth: The procedure is painful and unsafe

Egg retrieval is quick, done under sedation, and most women return home the same day. Don’t fret as the procedure is extremely safe when done under the skilled expert.

Avoid believing on any false information or rumors related to egg freezing. If planned early and guided by a qualified specialist, it can help women fulfil their dram of motherhood later in life when they are fully ready.

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing lifestyle disorders in India, and while its impact on the heart, kidneys, nerves, and eyes is widely discussed, its effect on male reproductive health is often overlooked. To understand it better, the Health and Me team spoke to Dr. Prajakta Chaudhary, Fertility Specialist at Nova IVF Fertility, Andheri. The doctor explained that uncontrolled diabetes can significantly harm sperm quality, sexual function, and hormone balance. “Many men don’t realize that poorly managed diabetes can directly affect their fertility,” she says.

While both men and women are affected by diabetes, a large proportion of men remain unaware that their reproductive health may be at risk. High blood sugar levels, especially when unmanaged for long periods, interfere with the body’s ability to use insulin properly, leading to complications that extend far beyond fatigue, thirst, or frequent urination. Dr. Chaudhary explains that long-standing diabetes can damage nerves, blood vessels, and even reproductive organs, creating a cascade of effects that may impact fertility.

How Diabetes Affects Sperm Health

Uncontrolled diabetes can compromise sperm health in multiple ways. One major concern is oxidative stress, a condition triggered by high blood sugar levels that damages sperm DNA. Dr. Chaudhary notes, “High glucose levels can harm the genetic material inside sperm cells, affecting their ability to fertilize an egg.”

Men with diabetes may experience:

• Lower sperm count
• Reduced sperm motility (slower movement)
• Abnormal sperm morphology (shape issues)

These changes can make conception more difficult. Additionally, diabetes-related nerve damage may lead to erectile dysfunction or difficulty ejaculating, further reducing the chances of successful conception. Hormonal imbalance is another concern, many men with unmanaged diabetes show reduced testosterone levels, impacting libido and overall reproductive function.

“When diabetes remains uncontrolled, we commonly see low testosterone and issues like erectile dysfunction or ejaculation difficulties,” the doctor shares. This combination can significantly challenge a couple’s journey to parenthood.

Steps Men Can Take to Protect Their Fertility

Despite the risks, men can take meaningful steps to safeguard their reproductive health. Dr. Chaudhary emphasizes the importance of consistent diabetes management: “Regular monitoring of blood sugar and keeping it within the recommended range is the foundation.”

She advises incorporating the following habits:

• Take prescribed diabetes medications regularly
• Exercise for at least 45 minutes daily
• Practice stress-relief activities like yoga or meditation
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet
• Quit smoking and reduce or avoid alcohol
• Go for routine health check-ups

For couples trying to conceive, she recommends adding hormone testing and semen analysis to routine evaluations.

The Last Word

Poorly managed diabetes can impact sperm quality, testosterone levels, and sexual function—but the good news is that these issues are often reversible with proper care. Dr. Chaudhary explains that fertility treatment for men with diabetes typically focuses on stabilizing blood sugar, correcting hormonal imbalances, and addressing sperm-related issues. “Depending on sperm quality, assisted reproductive techniques like IUI or IVF may be recommended,” she adds.

For men with diabetes planning to start a family, early evaluation and timely intervention can make a significant difference. As Dr. Chaudhary puts it, “With proper guidance and blood sugar control, fatherhood is absolutely achievable.”