By now, we all must be aware of how a mother's body changes during and even after pregnancy. What comes next is a challenging phase, called postpartum. However, it is not just the mothers, but dads too go through postpartum depression. As per the UT Southwestern Medical Center, 1 in 10 dads struggle with postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety. According to a 2019 study published in Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, a peer reviewed journal providing evidence-based information, titled Postpartum Depression in Men by Jonathan R Scarff defines postpartum depression as an episode of major depressive disorder occurring soon after the birth of a child. While it is frequently reported in mothers, but can also occur in father. However, there is no established criteria for this in men, although it could present over the course of a year, with symptoms of irritability restrict emotions, and depression.

Why Do Dads Experience PPD?

Fathers can also experience postpartum depression (PPD) due to various factors, including a history of depression, relationship conflicts, financial stress, and maternal depression. Sleep deprivation and disrupted circadian rhythms, known to affect maternal mental health, may also contribute to PPD in men. Additionally, hormonal changes during and after pregnancy play a role. Studies suggest that lower testosterone levels in new fathers reduce aggression and enhance responsiveness to a baby’s cries, while increased estrogen levels promote more engaged parenting. However, these hormonal shifts can also increase vulnerability to depression. Low testosterone is directly linked to depressive symptoms, and imbalances in estrogen, prolactin, vasopressin, and cortisol may hinder father-infant bonding, further exacerbating PPD symptoms.

In fact the study also goes on to note that fathers can experience prenatal depression like mothers too. While it depends on the kind of environment they are in, here are some of the common reasons why dads feel this way:

Hormonal Changes: As per a 2014 study published in the American Journal of Human Biology, titled Prenatal hormones in first-time expectant parents: Longitudinal changes and within-couple correlations, showed that fathers experience hormonal changes during and after their partner's pregnancy. The main reason is the decline in testosterone.

Feeling Disconnected: While dads also want to be part of the newborn experience, the baby usually spends most of the time with the mother. It may make them feel like they are on the "outside".

Other reasons include the pressure that a father feels. Parenting is not easy, it adds on to financial pressure, and this thought could also lead to depression. Especially, if depression runs in father's family, he is more likely to feel depressed with these changes around him. Most new parents underestimate the role lack of sleep plays in their lives. Staying up all night trying to get your baby to eat or sleep can leave you feeling sleep deprived, which could be one of the reasons why the father too may feel tired and depressed.

What Can Be Done?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that postpartum depression screenings not be solely the responsibility of obstetrician, and it must be done by pediatricians too to incorporate maternal health. However, fathers too should go for such screenings. In fact, in 2020, an editorial in the Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics called on pediatricians to assess the mental health of all new parents regardless of gender.

The ray of hope here is that more and more people are talking about it and are able to recognize the depression dads also go through. The change is not just for moms, but also for dads, thus it is important that they also are taken care of.

Danish researchers were studying the use of medicines on women during and after pregnancy. What they realized is that number of women consuming Ozempic and Wegovy after childbirth has increased. As per their observation, in 2018, less than 5 prescriptions for every 10,000 women post six months of their childbirth were there. However, this number increased to 34 in mid-2022, and by mid-2024, there were 173 prescriptions.

That comes close to 2 percent of all postpartum women. Most of these women were in their 30s, had more than one child, and while many were overweight, they did not have diabetes. They also had no previous history of using GLP-1 medications.

This spike surprised researchers because the postpartum phase is usually a time when the body naturally sheds some pregnancy weight and undergoes major hormonal changes. “In a period characterized by natural weight loss and marked hormonal change, this was unexpected,” said Mette Bliddal, a pharmacologist at the University of Southern Denmark and the study’s first author, as reported by the New York Times. The findings were published in JAMA.

How Was The Study Conducted?

The analysis reviewed 382,277 pregnancies in Denmark from early 2018 through June 2024. Researchers used national health registries to track every live birth and every prescription filled for GLP-1 drugs during the postpartum period. This made it possible to see the rise in real time.

Although semaglutide, the ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy, is widely used for weight loss, its safety in the months after childbirth is still unclear. This is a time when many mothers are breastfeeding and adjusting to changing hormone levels, sleep disruptions, and recovery from pregnancy.

What We Know and Don’t Know About Breastfeeding Safety

Right now, evidence around the safety of GLP-1 drugs for breastfeeding mothers is very limited. While semaglutide has not been detected in measurable amounts in breast milk and no immediate negative effects have been seen in infants, researchers caution that long-term effects on a baby’s metabolism, growth, or pancreas remain unknown.

Major medical groups are also hesitant to give a firm recommendation. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has not released guidelines because the drugs are too new and the data isn’t strong enough. First Exposure, a Canadian research network that evaluates drug safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding, advises against using these medications while breastfeeding. They also recommend stopping them one to two months before trying to conceive.

Experts say the caution comes from the lack of solid research. GLP-1 drugs are large molecules that usually do not transfer easily into breast milk and would likely break down in a baby’s stomach. Still, the uncertainty is significant enough that researchers prefer mothers avoid them during breastfeeding.

Why Researchers Are Concerned

Another concern is that these appetite-suppressing medications could affect milk production, nutrient content, or even leave mothers dehydrated. Dr. Bliddal noted that the postpartum period is a time when “the body is working hard to regain its balance.” Without knowing how weight loss drugs interact with these processes, many specialists believe it is safer to avoid them until more is known.

Even small changes in breast milk composition could matter for infant development. Since there is no clear data on how GLP-1 drugs might alter fat content or nutrients in breast milk, researchers urge caution.

Vanessa Hudgens at the age of 36 is a mother again. She welcomed her second baby with husband Cole Tucker. The news was announced on Instagram on Saturday, where she shared a photo of herself lying in a hospital bed, holding Tucker's hand.

She wrote: "Well…. I did it. Had another baby!! What a wild ride labor is. Big shout out to all the moms. It’s truly incredible what our bodies can do ❤️."

This month itself, Catherine Paiz revealed that she was pregnant with her fourth baby at the age of 35.

These news of celebrity pregnancy after 30 spark the spotlight on late motherhood and how safe it really is?

What Does The Data Tell Us On The Trend Of Late Motherhood?

The average age of mothers in the US have continued to rise, a new report released on June 13 by the National Vital Statistic System (NVSS), provides the shift in age trends between 2016 and 2023. The study, conducted by Andrea D. Brown, Ph.D., M.P.H., and her colleagues at the National Center for Health Statistics.

The researchers found a clear increase in the mean age of mothers at the time of their first birth. In 2016, the average age of a first-time mother was 26.6 years. By 2023, this had risen to 27.5 years — nearly a full year’s difference in just seven years.

But the trend isn’t limited to first-time mothers. In Paiz's case, she is having her fourth child at 35.

Is Late Pregnancy Healthy?

The National Institute of Health (NIH), US (2022), 20% of women in the US are now having their first child after the age of 35. While it is the new trend, the NIH doctor Dr Alan Decherney, a fertility expert explains that "As women age, they are still fertile, but their odds of pregnancy are decreased because they are not making as many good eggs that will fertile and divide normally and turn out to be an embryo."

After age 30, a woman's fertility decreases ever year, notes the NIH July 2022 issue. It notes: "The number and quality of her eggs goes down until she reaches menopause."

However, experts do point out that getting pregnant in your 30s need not be a stressful affair at all times. As it is at this age when you experience more stability, and also someone you know who have a personal experience in handling one. Most important, you are more mature at this age, which you may not be in your 20s.

What Must You Keep In Mind If You Plan Pregnancy After 30?

Quit Habits: If you are a smoker, or consume alcohol, this is a good time to leave it.

Reduce Stress: While pregnancy for some can bring stress, try to find activities that help you release it.

Healthy Weight: Ensure that your weight is right, reduce your waist to bring it to a healthy range for a healthy pregnancy.

Food Habits: Stop eating junk and start eating more whole grains.

Exercise: A sedentary lifestyle can impact negatively on the child. You do not have to do HIIT, however, regular easy workouts can make both the pregnancy and delivery easy.

Dr Michelle Y Owens, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and a practicing maternal-fetal medicine specialist at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, writes for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) that "the longer your eggs have been around, the more likely they are to produce a pregnancy with a chromosome problem that can lead to a condition like Down syndrome. The risk goes up significantly after 35." However, she says, there is a good news. Now, we have tools to detect and respond to pregnancy complications early.

For many women, fertility can feel like a ticking clock, whether you’re planning to start a family soon or considering delaying pregnancy. One of the most useful tools for understanding your fertility potential is the AMH test, which measures the Anti-Müllerian Hormone in your blood.

But one question that often comes up is: “How often should I get my AMH levels checked?”

In this blog, we’ll break it down, explore what AMH tells you about your fertility, and provide practical guidance for testing frequency.

What Is AMH and Why Does It Matter?

AMH is a hormone produced by small follicles in the ovaries. Its levels reflect your ovarian reserve, essentially the number of eggs remaining in your ovaries. While it doesn’t measure egg quality, AMH is a reliable indicator of egg quantity, making it a critical part of fertility assessments.

Key points about AMH:

• Stable throughout the cycle: Unlike hormones like FSH, AMH can be measured on any day of the menstrual cycle.

• Predictive of ovarian reserve: Higher levels indicate more eggs; lower levels suggest fewer eggs.

• Useful for planning: AMH helps women understand fertility potential, guide IVF treatment, or decide whether to freeze eggs.

However, it’s important to remember that AMH is just one piece of the puzzle. Egg quality, age, lifestyle, and overall reproductive health also play crucial roles in fertility.

Factors That Affect AMH Levels

AMH levels vary from woman to woman and can be influenced by several factors:

Typical AMH Levels by Age

Here’s a general guide to what AMH levels mean at different ages:

How Often Should You Check Your AMH?

There is no universal answer, as testing frequency depends on your age, fertility goals, and medical history. Here’s a practical guide:

Women Planning Pregnancy Soon

Under 35 and healthy: A single AMH test may be sufficient to establish a baseline.

Considering IVF or egg freezing: Your doctor may recommend repeating the test every 6–12 months to track ovarian response.

Women Over 35 or With Fertility Concerns

AMH declines more rapidly after 35, so annual testing is often advised.

Women with known fertility risks (e.g., endometriosis, previous ovarian surgery) may need testing every 6–12 months.

Women With PCOS

AMH is often elevated, which can mask fertility issues.

Testing may be less frequent unless undergoing fertility treatment.

Women Undergoing Fertility Treatments

AMH testing may be repeated every cycle to tailor medication dosage and predict egg retrieval numbers.

AMH and Fertility Planning

AMH levels can guide several important decisions:

Practical Tips for AMH Testing

• Consistency: Always use the same lab for follow-up tests when possible.

• Complementary tests: Combine AMH with antral follicle count (AFC) via ultrasound for a complete picture.

• Lifestyle matters: Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking or excessive alcohol to support fertility.

• Consult a specialist: AMH results should always be interpreted by a fertility expert who can guide next steps.

By discussing your results with a fertility specialist at advanced centers like Birla Fertility & IVF, you can make informed, personalized decisions about family planning, IVF, or egg freezing.

Limitations of AMH Testing

While AMH is valuable, it has its limits:

• Doesn’t measure egg quality: Older women may have a lower chance of conception even with normal AMH.

• Can fluctuate slightly: Lab differences and health conditions can cause variations.

• Not a guarantee of conception: AMH indicates quantity, but pregnancy depends on many factors.

Conclusion

AMH testing is a powerful tool for understanding ovarian reserve and guiding fertility decisions, but it’s not a standalone predictor of fertility. For most women, testing every 6–12 months is sufficient, with more frequent testing only in specific circumstances.

By knowing your AMH levels and consulting with a fertility specialist at centers like Birla Fertility & IVF, you can make proactive, informed choices about your reproductive health. Fertility may not wait for life to line up perfectly, but with the right guidance and planning, you can take steps toward your family goals with confidence.

Remember, AMH testing is a guide, not a verdict. It’s one step in understanding your fertility journey and making empowered decisions about your future.