You are what you eat, and to science it is true. People live longer based on what they choose to eat. With such a thought, Canadians took on to a UK-based challenge of eating vegan for a month. The challenge is called Veganuary (Vegan + January). For many, it is not a hidden fact that eating less meat and more plants is good for our health and it can cut food-related emissions, which make up to a third of the greenhouse causing climate change. However, going vegan isn't really a smooth change, rather a big step. It means to revamp our entire diet.

The good news is, that there have been researches that prove that even relatively small substitutions of red meat with plant-based proteins like tofu, lentils and beans can add months, sometimes years to our expected lifespan. It can also make a noticeable dent in our carbon footprint.

The Rise Of Vegetarianism

As per 2018, only 7.1% of Canadians were vegetarian and 2.3% were vegan. Olivia Auclair, a research fellow at the University of Oxford, who researched on Canadian's eating habits told CBC that Canadians get 65% of their protein from animal sources. Only 5% of the protein comes from the high-protein plant-based sources. Some of these are also included in Canada's Food Guide.

It is true that eating habits, along with shopping habits are hard to change, this is why Auclair's research tried to bring people more in line with the food guide. The Canada Food Guide recommends lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grain, along with protein from both animal and plant sources.

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What is the study all about?

Her research was published last year in the journal Nature Food, titled Partial substitutions of animal with plant protein foods in Canadian diets have synergies and trade-offs among nutrition, health and climate outcomes, found that replacing half their red and processed meat would increase people's life expectancy an average of nine months, while cutting their diet-related carbon footprint by 25%.

For her research, she analyzed what 13,600 Canadians ate based on the Statistics Canada data from "food diaries" recorded by them in 2015. After that, she modelled what could happen if the same people substituted 25 to 50% of the red and processed meat they had been consuming with plant-based proteins. However, they did not change their poultry, fish or seafood intake.

The results were great, as mentioned above. In fact, there was more. The health benefits were double for men compared to women!

Men gained one full year of increased life expectancy, on average. This is also because men eat more red and processed meats and the climate benefits were also higher for men cutting down on the meat.

CHECK OUT: Can A Vegan Diet Help You Loose Weight ?

Plant-based Diets

In 2019, an international group of scientist recommended a planetary health diet, a plant-based diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and whole grain, with small amounts of meat, dairy and fish, similar to what is recommended by the Canada Food Guide. The reason for such a recommendation was also to prevent 11 million deaths per year from processed meats and help keep greenhouse gas emission from food.

Another US study that looked at 200,000 US healthcare workers found that eating a plant-based diet could reduce a person's risk of dying by 30% from heart diseases, cancers, and respiratory diseases. Another 2021 Swedish study found a similar benefit, where it saw a 25% drop in mortality for those who adhere to a plant-based diets.

Eating about two servings of unsalted, skin-roasted peanuts daily may help support brain health, and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's Disease, suggests a study.

The study, conducted in older adults, suggests that eating 60 grams of peanuts daily for 16 weeks improved insulin responsiveness in brain regions involved in memory, a function that can weaken with age and is linked to Alzheimer's Disease.

Published in the peer-reviewed journal Food & Function, the study highlights how daily peanut consumption may influence brain insulin signalling. However, it does not establish that peanuts can prevent Alzheimer's disease.

How Daily Peanut Consumption Improved Brain Insulin Response

The study included 31 healthy adults aged 60 to 75. During the peanut consumption phase, participants ate 60 grams (approximately two servings) of peanuts daily for 16 weeks.

Researchers used a randomized, controlled crossover trial, allowing them to compare the effects of eating peanuts with those of avoiding them.

The elderly who consumed peanuts daily showed improved insulin responsiveness in several brain regions in the right hemisphere. These included parts of the lingual gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus, all involved in memory-related processes.

While insulin is best known for regulating blood sugar, it also plays an important role in the brain. It supports nerve cell growth, survival and communication, helping maintain memory and other cognitive abilities.

Also read: Just Four Days Of High-Fat Diet May Increase Inflammation, Study Finds

Reduced brain responsiveness to insulin with age has been linked to cognitive decline.

"The hormone insulin plays an important role in the brain, where it supports memory and other cognitive processes. As people age, the brain may become less responsive to insulin, which has been linked to age-related cognitive decline," said Dr Peter Joris, associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences at Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands.

"Our study found that daily peanut consumption beneficially affected insulin responsiveness in memory-related brain regions in older adults. These findings suggest that enhanced regional brain insulin responsiveness may contribute to the cognitive benefits of unsalted, skin-roasted peanut intake," he added.

Which Peanut Nutrients May Support Brain Health?

Read More: Peanut Consumption Associated With Lower Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study Explains

Researchers supplied participants with premeasured packets of skin-roasted peanuts to ensure consistent consumption.

Participants were instructed to eat their peanuts in the morning or afternoon. They could consume the entire portion at once, divide it into smaller servings throughout the day or include the peanuts in their meals.

Researchers believe several peanut components, rather than a single nutrient, may contribute to the observed effects.

"Multiple nutrients present in peanuts, including unsaturated fats, dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals and bioactive phytochemicals, could potentially contribute to the observed brain benefits," said Joris.

"Peanuts are also a good source of plant-based protein and are especially rich in L-arginine. L-arginine is a key precursor of nitric oxide (NO), which has been reported to facilitate learning and memory performance," he added.

Peanut and Improvements in Blood Flow and Verbal Memory

A previous study published in the peer-reviewed journal Clinical Nutrition 2025, found that consuming peanuts for 16 weeks increased overall cerebral blood flow (CBF) by 3.6% and improved verbal memory performance by 5.8%.

Cerebral blood flow measures the amount of blood circulating through the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients that brain cells need to function. It is also an indicator of brain blood vessel health.

Long-term diet and obesity are known to affect inflammation. A new study from the University of California, San Francisco suggests that even a few days of eating differently can change how strongly the immune system reacts, at least in mice.

What the researchers did

The study was published in Nature on October 28. It was led by Sagar Bapat, a professor of pathology at UCSF and the paper’s corresponding author. Zewen “Owen” Jiang, who did the work as a graduate student at UCSF, was co-first author, according to UCSF.

The team raised mice on either low-fat or high-fat food pellets. They then applied imiquimod, a cream that triggers skin inflammation, to one ear of each mouse. Mice raised on high-fat food and made obese had severe reactions, while mice on low-fat food had mild ones.

Is it the weight or the diet?

Obesity has long been tied to more severe inflammation, but it wasn’t clear why. “We wanted to know whether it was the extra weight or simply the bad diet that was driving the stronger response,” Jiang said.

To find out, the researchers switched normal-weight mice from low-fat to high-fat food for just four days, then applied the cream three days later. These lean mice developed severe ear inflammation, just like the obese mice. In the other direction, obese mice moved to normal food for four days had much milder inflammation.

The paper’s conclusion is that the dietary state around the time inflammation starts, rather than obesity itself, determines how severe the disease gets.

The skin remembered

Weeks later, the normal-weight mice were back on low-fat food and their inflammation had cleared. The researchers applied the cream again to the same ear. The reaction was far stronger than expected.

The researchers found that high-fat food drew rapid-response immune cells into the skin, which amplified the reaction. As the inflammation faded, memory T cells stayed behind in the ear. Together, these changes left the tissue primed for the next flare-up, UCSF reported. The paper also found that the response depends on CD4+ T cells, and that a protein complex called NLRP3 drives the diet-amplified disease.

The team saw a similar heightened response in the lungs after a few days on a high-fat diet.

Also Read: Psoriasis: Understanding The Skin Condition And Ways To Manage Flare-ups

What the scientists said

“Long-term dietary habits absolutely matter for health, but our study unearthed a much more real-time influence of diet,” Bapat said. “Breakfast, lunch, dinner, they all can have a tremendous and rapid impact on the immune system.”

Jiang added a note of caution. “The diet of a laboratory mouse doesn’t map neatly onto what we eat, but it’s striking how quickly the immune system responds to what’s happening in the body right now,” he said. “Diet, exercise, sleep, they could all shape immune health in ways we don’t yet appreciate.”

What this does and doesn’t mean

This was a study in mice, and the high-fat pellets used in the lab are not the same as human meals. The findings don’t show that a single unhealthy meal will worsen a person’s skin or lung conditions. They do suggest that what is eaten around the time inflammation begins may matter more than researchers had assumed, and that the immune system may hold a memory of it.

An international team of 23 nutrition scientists has developed a food pyramid emphasizing plant foods, healthier fats and high-quality carbohydrates, offering an alternative to the Trump administration’s meat-heavy dietary advice.

Published in Advances in Nutrition, the International Food Guide Pyramid synthesizes evidence from more than 250 scientific publications and dietary guidelines from seven countries and regions.

“Despite what people often hear, there’s actually substantial agreement in nutrition science about the foundations of healthy eating,” said Karen Della Corte, a Brigham Young University nutritional scientist who led the team.

What Does The New Food Pyramid Recommend?

The pyramid focuses on three principles:

• Make plant foods the foundation of a healthy diet.

• Choose healthier sources of fat and protein.

• Prioritize carbohydrate quality.

It encourages plant-based proteins such as beans, lentils, nuts and soy, without excluding fish, poultry, eggs or dairy. The guide can also be adapted for vegetarian and vegan diets.

The EAT-Lancet Commission estimates that adopting its proposed plant-forward diet could prevent approximately 15 million premature deaths annually.

Why Carbohydrate Quality Matters

The guide prioritizes whole grains and other high-quality carbohydrates over refined grains and sugary drinks. Carbohydrate quality depends on fiber content, processing, food structure and glycemic index (GI), which measures how carbohydrate-containing foods affect blood glucose.

“For both health and sustainability reasons, carbohydrate-rich foods should provide a substantial share of our energy, so their quality is particularly important,” said Anette Buyken, a professor at Paderborn University in Germany.

Traditional staples such as basmati rice, durum pasta, tortillas, rice noodles and bulgur can fit into a healthy diet, Della Corte said, depending on their glycemic index and preparation.

Plant Proteins And Healthier Fats Take Priority

The pyramid also recommends choosing beans, peas, lentils, fish, poultry or yogurt more often than red and processed meats. It also advises replacing saturated fats, such as butter and animal fats, with unsaturated fats from sources such as olive and canola oils.

Other suggestions include choosing nuts, seeds, fruit or vegetables with hummus instead of processed snacks, whole-grain bread over refined white bread, and water instead of sugary soda.

How Does It Differ From Trump’s Dietary Advice?

The international pyramid contrasts with the Trump administration’s updated US dietary guidance, shaped by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s “Make America Healthy Again” (MAHA) agenda, which has emphasized meat and other animal-based foods.

Rather than prioritizing red meat, the international guide stresses plant proteins, unsaturated oils and higher-quality carbohydrates. It also considers the environmental impact of food production, including greenhouse gas emissions associated with livestock farming.

“Our diet has to be not only for our own health but also for the health of our planet,” said David Jenkins, a University of Toronto professor and creator of the glycemic index.

The guide also highlights the importance of limiting added sugars, particularly from sugary drinks, and favors water or sugar-free alternatives.

Can The Pyramid Work Across Cultures?

Working with the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium, Della Corte compared dietary guidelines from Canada, Germany, Australia, China, the Netherlands, the United States and the Nordic countries. She also reviewed more than 250 scientific publications and drew on the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet to identify shared principles of healthy eating.

The researchers say healthy eating does not require everyone to follow the same menu. Recommendations can be adapted to local food traditions, availability and budgets.

“When you’re designing a meal, start by thinking about the plant foods you want to emphasize,” Della Corte said. “What vegetables, whole or lower-GI grains, beans or lentils could you include?”

However, affordability and access can make healthier choices difficult.

“We need food environments that make it easy to put the pyramid’s recommendations into practice,” Buyken said, calling for nutrition policies that address food marketing, access and prices.