Amidst the constant stream of diet trends, it's really important to prioritize health over quick fixes. Many people will follow diet trends they find on social media and follow it, ignoring how it may affect their health later in life. While eliminating sugary drinks and processed foods can be beneficial, you must remember that you are cutting out a big chunk of macronutrient groups, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies and health problems. Then we have the carnivore diet, an extreme version of the ketogenic diet, which eliminates carbohydrates entirely, relying solely on animal products for sustenance. This approach raises significant concerns regarding heart health.

Dangers of Zero Carbs

Having a carnivore diet means complete elimination of carbohydrates, even the ones that have proven health benefits. Many animal products consumed on this diet are high in saturated fat and cholesterol and eliminating plant-based foods which are the primary source of fiber, you are hindering the body's ability to regulate cholesterol and blood pressure. This lack of fiber can also negatively impact gut health, which has broader implications for overall well-being.

Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Issues

We all know that high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity are known risk factors for heart disease. While the carnivore diet's restriction of sugar and refined carbohydrates may initially prevent blood sugar spikes, the potential for increased saturated fat and cholesterol intake poses a significant threat. Studies show that increased consumption of red meat and poultry can elevate the risk of high blood pressure in people. Similarly, diets high in saturated fat can raise LDL cholesterol levels, further increasing the risk of heart disease. Therefore, the carnivore diet, while potentially leading to short-term weight loss, may significantly compromise long-term cardiovascular health.

Protecting Your Heart Through Dietary Choices

Maintaining heart health doesn't necessitate eliminating meat entirely, but it does require mindful consumption of saturated fat, you must remember that indulging once in a while does not mean you are no longer taking care of yourself, but the end must justify the process, so try eating a controlled amount. Health organizations recommend limiting saturated fat intake to a small percentage of daily calories. This basically translates to a relatively small amount for most individuals.

Beyond Saturated Fat: Other Dietary Considerations

While saturated fat is a cause of concern, there are other dietary factors that play a crucial role in heart health. Added sugar and sodium can also negatively impact cardiovascular well-being, doctors often discourage people from consuming too much of both as they aid in unhealthy weight gain or high blood pressure. Limiting added sugar intake to a small percentage of daily calories is recommended. Similarly, reducing sodium consumption by substituting processed foods with natural alternatives can contribute significantly to heart health.

Embracing a Heart-Healthy Lifestyle

From the research and studies, we understand that having a more balanced diet, which includes fiber-rich foods like nuts, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is essential for maintaining heart health. Try aiming for a daily intake of at least 30 grams of fiber and you will see how it can significantly benefit cardiovascular function. Another thing that is equally important is incorporating regular physical activity. Finding enjoyable forms of movement, whether it is a social sports or activities you find pleasurable like dancing, can make exercise a sustainable and positive part of a heart-healthy lifestyle, people often find that dragging yourself to places you do not like does not work long term. With this holistic approach of combining a balanced diet with regular exercise, you will get the best protection for long-term cardiovascular well-being.

Fish oil supplements are capsules or liquids made from the fat (oil) of fatty fish and have recently gained popularity as a reliable source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats your body cannot make on its own.

However, Dr Sandeep Reddy Koppula, HOD - Internal Medicine, Arete Hospitals, warns that only certain people should opt to regularly consume these capsules.

He told Times Of India: "If there's one supplement almost everyone has considered at some point, it's fish oil. Patients often walk into clinic holding a bottle and ask, 'Doctor, should I be taking this daily?' The honest answer is — it depends far more on the person than on the popularity of the supplement.

"If you already eat fish two or three times a week, maintain balanced nutrition, and have no cardiovascular risk factors, adding a capsule may not provide meaningful additional benefit."

He also noted that supplements work best when correcting a deficiency or addressing a defined medical problem and do not serve as daily insurance for people already meeting their nutritional needs.

According to the expert, these people should take the supplements:

1. Those with high triglycerides

Dr Koppula explained: "People with high triglyceride levels - a specific type of blood fat - are among the clearest candidates. In such cases, medically supervised omega-3 supplementation can help lower triglycerides alongside diet and lifestyle changes."

2. Some patients with established heart disease

The expert noted: "Some patients with established heart disease may also be advised fish oil in carefully prescribed doses, though this decision is usually individualised rather than routine."

3. Those who rarely eat fish

Lastly, Dr Koppula added: "Those who rarely consume fatty fish - such as salmon, sardines, or mackerel — might also benefit, especially if their overall diet lacks healthy fats."

What Are Fish Oil Omega-3s?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats known for their crucial role in brain function and overall mental health. Fish oil is particularly rich in EPA and DHA, which are vital components of cell membranes and have strong anti-inflammatory effects in the body.

These omega-3s play a critical role in human development, and they are primarily found in fatty fish and fish oil. Since many people do not consume enough fish, supplementation is often recommended to ensure adequate intake of these essential fatty acids.

Although the body can convert another type of omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), into EPA and DHA, this process is not highly efficient. As a result, fish oil supplements may provide a convenient way to ensure optimal levels of omega-3s.

Some popular sources of Omega-3 include:

• Salmon
• Cod Liver Oil
• Algae Oil
• Oysters
• Nuts and seeds, such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts
• Plant oils, such as flaxseed oil, soybean oil, and canola oil
• Fortified foods, such as eggs, yogurt, juices, milk, etc.

Study Shows It Can Reduce Anger

After analyzing 29 randomized controlled trials involving 3,918 participants in total, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania concluded that the fish oil supplement can reduce both reactive anger (in response to provocation) and proactive anger (behavior planned in advance) in people regardless of age, gender, medical diagnosis and length and dosage of treatment.

Neurocriminologist Dr Adrian Raine said of the results: "I think the time has come to implement omega-3 supplementation to reduce aggression, irrespective of whether the setting is the community, the clinic, or the criminal justice system.

"At the very least, parents seeking treatment for an aggressive child should know that in addition to any other treatment that their child receives, an extra portion or two of fish each week could also help."

The scientists theorized that omega-3 can reduce brain inflammation and regulate vital brain functioning which helps maintain aggression levels. However, they also noted that further research was needed to understand the link.

"Omega-3 is not a magic bullet that is going to completely solve the problem of violence in society. But can it help? Based on these findings, we firmly believe it can, and we should start to act on the new knowledge we have." Dr Raine said.

A massive study that tracked nearly 200,000 people has found that the quality of food, rather than the quantity of carbs and fats, affects heart health.

Public health researchers from Harvard University spent over 30 years examining the participants and discovered that if a diet contains too many processed foods and animal proteins or fats, or if it otherwise lacks in adequate vegetables, fruits, whole grains, healthy fats, or essential macronutrients, it may not benefit cardiovascular health as much in the long run, even if it is low carb or low fat by definition.

The scientists noted that those who ate healthy, varied diets with adequate macronutrients showed higher levels of 'good' cholesterol in their blood as well as lower levels of fats and inflammatory markers as compared to their counterparts.

The same group of people also had a significantly lower risk of developing coronary heart disease, the most common cause of heart attacks.

Based on their conclusion, Harvard epidemiologist Zhiyuan Wu, who led the research, advised: "Focusing only on nutrient compositions but not food quality may not lead to health benefits.

"These results suggest that healthy low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets may share common biological pathways that improve cardiovascular health. Focusing on overall diet quality may offer flexibility for individuals to choose eating patterns that align with their preferences while still supporting heart health."

The Rising Heart Attack Crisis

Heart attacks occur when blood flow to the heart is severely reduced or blocked due to a buildup of plaque which is made of fat, cholesterol and other substances in the heart's arteries.

During a heart attack, a lack of blood flow causes the cells and tissue in the heart muscle to die, leading to irreversible damage that can result in serious complications like arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or cardiac arrest.

It is one of the leading causes of death in the country. Four Indians experience a heart attack every minute, with one in four dying of the cause. Experts have also noticed a rising trend of nearly 50 percent of heart attack patients being under the age of 40, with half of all heart attacks in Indian men occurring under 50.

Coronary Artery Disease: The Silent Killer

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common illnesses that can cause a heart attack in people. It develops over years and has no clear signs and symptoms apart from a heart attack.

The illness begins due to a buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances known as plaque in and on the artery walls.

Over time, this can cause narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and block the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart which can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath and ultimately, heart attacks.

Typically, those above the age of 45, having a biological family member with heart disease, lack of sleep, smoking, consuming saturated fats along with other autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of developing CAD.

Nearly one in 10 Indian adults suffer from CAD and about two million people die from the disease annually. Apart from this, about 18 to 20 million American adults aged 20 and older are also affected about the disease.

How Much You Should Exercise To Prevent CAD?

The American Heart Association recommends performing at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking, dancing and gardening or 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity, such as hiking, running, cycling or and playing tennis or a combination of both, preferably spread throughout the week to maintain heart health.

Moreover, regular exercise can also reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, dementia and Alzheimer’s as well as several types of cancer. It can also help improve sleep, cognition, including memory, attention and processing speed.

Dr Hayes recommends opting for a cardiac evaluation such as an electrocardiogram, or EKG; a stress test; a cardiac MRI or CT scan to generate images of your heart if you notice changes in your ability to exercise or cannot perform consistent levels of exercise.

Vitamin D and calcium, both are nutrients you body needs to function well. While both are different nutrients, often many people get confused because vitamin D and calcium both are important for strong bones. Lack of both could lead to an increased risk of osteoporosis or bone fracture.

However, these two nutrients are different, react differently to your body and works differently too. The sources too could be different. Let us understand how.

What Are Some Of The Foods Rich In Vitamin D

As per WebMD, here are the following vitamin D rich food items:

• Wild-caught salmon (600-1,000 IU per 3.5 ounces)
• Farm-raised salmon (100-250 IU per 3.5 ounces)
• Canned sardines (300 IU per 3.5 ounces)
• Canned tuna (236 IU per 3.5 ounces)
• Fresh shiitake mushrooms (100 IU per 3.5 ounces)
• Egg yolk (20 IU per yolk)

However, there is one source, often recommended as the best and natural source, that is the exposure to sun. In this case too, one must keep in mind the sun burn, as it could cause skin problems, including skin cancer.

Beverages like milk, orange juice, yogurt, cereals too often have vitamin D added into them.

Vegan sources include

• Soy, almond, or oat milk (100-144 IU per cup)
• Cereal (80 IU per serving)
• Margarine (60 IU per tablespoon)
• Orange juice (100-105 IU per cup)

What Are Some Of The Sources Of Calcium?

• Cooked kale (179 mg per cup)
• Cooked collard greens (266 mg per cup)
• Dried figs (65 mg per 2 figs)
• Cooked broccoli (60 mg per cup)
• Oranges (55 mg per orange)
• Canned sardines with bones (325 mg per 3 ounces)
• Canned salmon with bones (180 mg per 3 ounces)
• Ricotta (335 mg per 4 ounces)

Vegan sources include:

• Canned baked beans (160 mg per 4 ounces)
• Cooked broccoli rabe (100 mg per cup)
• Cooked bok choy (160 mg per cup)
• Fortified almond, soy, or rice milk (300 mg per 8 ounces)
• Fortified fruit juices (300 mg per 8 ounces)
• Tofu prepared with calcium (205 mg per 4 ounces)
• Fortified cereal (100-1,000 mg per cup)

What Are The Roles Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Your Body?

As per the Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, calcium is a mineral that builds and maintains dense, strong bones, while Vitamin D is a hormone that enables the body to absorb that calcium from food. Calcium also assists with nerve, muscle, and vascular functions, whereas Vitamin D is primarily responsible for calcium regulation.

Role: Calcium is a building block for bones and teeth; Vitamin D is the "key" that unlocks calcium absorption.

Definition: Calcium is a mineral (found in dairy, leafy greens); Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient/hormone.

Source: Calcium comes from diet, while Vitamin D is produced by the skin via sun exposure in addition to food sources.

Deficiency Symptoms: Low calcium can lead to weak bones (osteoporosis). Low Vitamin D can cause soft bones (rickets in children) and prevents calcium absorption.