A Dubai based fitness trainer and an online fitness coach Georgia Heins shared her journey of trying out an all carnivore-diet for 8 weeks. She shared that she saw abs like never before but also "lost" her period. She said, "I also lost my period, developed PCOS and felt more lifeless than my house plants and they have been dead for months." Then came the acne, she shared.

The video was then shared by Dr Karan Rajan, who is a UK based NHS surgeon and a social media medical educator who pointed out how the role of fiber in enterohepatic circulation impacts its function in estrogen processing. He says, "If you are a woman thinking about going carnivore, there is one crucial thing you need to know first."

He explains that fiber affects a woman's reproductive health. Your body metabolizes and clears out excess estrogen. The doctor says, "it is not just about glorious dumps". If your body does not have enough fiber, your body will not have a proper clearance. He goes on to explain that when your liver dumps estrogen into your gut without fiber to bind to it and remove it, the same estrogen can be reabsorbed by your intestines. This can then lead to hormonal imbalances that "wreak havoc on everything from your cycle to your skin to even your metabolism, skin issues and hormonal acne". Thanks to excessive estrogen, mood swings, anxiety, and low energy is quite normal to experience. It also then leads to gut-brain dysfunction. He also reminds that the "whole no fiber thing can leave your entire fudge factory backed up".

Is Carnivore Diet Helpful?

If you ever google search "Carnivore Diet for PCOS", chances are that you would find a lot about it. If you are struggling with PCOS, the thought to change your diet, go for an extreme low-carb diet, like the carnivore diet, for easing PCOS symptoms too may have crossed your mind. But not always does it help.

The carnivore diet means eating meat and meat alone. It cuts out all other food groups, which means it is also cutting out the nutrition you get from plant-based diets, mainly fiber. However, an all-meat diet leads to consumption of high amounts of sodium, and processed meat can actually lead to high cholesterol, and you will more likely develop high blood pressure, and would be at risk of heart diseases.

Furthermore, when fiber is cut down, as it is the case in an all carnivore diet, women are prone to developing PCOS. As per a 2022 study published in journal Nutrients, titled Lower Fiber Consumption in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, noted that the deficiency of dietary fiber, a crucial nutrient in daily diet is also associated with a wide range of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities.

Furthermore, lack of fiber in the diet of someone with PCOS can also throw off the blood sugar levels and can increase insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances which are associated with this condition.

What Can You Eat Instead If You Have PCOS?

Go for a well balanced diet and include:

• Leafy greens
• Lean proteins
• Whole grains
• Nuts and seeds
• Berries
• Legumes
• Healthy fats

Vitamin D, better known as the sunshine vitamin, is not only important for bone health but also plays a role in maintaining muscle and cardiovascular function.

An animal study led by researchers at the ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN), Hyderabad, found that Vitamin D3 was more effective than Vitamin D2 in maintaining and restoring skeletal muscle and heart function in male rats.

Vitamin D2 Vs Vitamin D3: What’s The Difference?

Vitamin D occurs naturally in two forms: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D3 is produced in the skin following exposure to sunlight and is also obtained from animal-based foods such as eggs, fish and organ meats, as well as supplements.

Vitamin D2 is derived from wild, cultivated or sun-dried mushrooms, UV-B-irradiated yeast, plant-based sources and some dietary supplements.

Amid increasing vitamin D deficiency, both forms are used for food fortification. However, D2 is preferred in some countries because of widespread vegetarianism and among people following strict vegan diets.

Also read: India Gets Its First Plant-Based Vitamin D3: What You Need to Know

How Was The Study Conducted?

Researchers compared the effects of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 on skeletal muscle and cardiac parameters in rats during both maintenance and recovery from vitamin D deficiency.

The study used weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were given diets containing Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, a combination of both forms, or a vitamin D-deficient diet.

Researchers assessed several parameters, including body composition, muscle strength, skeletal muscle structure and metabolism, along with markers associated with cardiac function.

Vitamin D3 Showed Greater Benefits

The study found that Vitamin D3 produced greater improvements in muscle mass, muscle fibre size and grip strength compared with Vitamin D2.

Vitamin D3 also showed stronger effects on markers associated with muscle development and energy metabolism.

Similar differences were observed in cardiac parameters, with Vitamin D3 showing greater effects on markers related to cardiac contractility and metabolism.

The differences between the two forms were particularly pronounced during the recovery phase following vitamin D deficiency, according to the researchers.

Dr Ayesha Ismail, Scientist F at ICMR-NIN and corresponding author of the study, said both forms were effective in improving calcium-related parameters, but Vitamin D2 was less effective on several measures linked to muscle and heart structure and energy metabolism.

“Although both forms of vitamin D were effective in improving calcium-related parameters, vitamin D2 was less effective than vitamin D3 in several parameters related to muscle and heart structure and energy metabolism,” Ismail said, ANI news agency reported.

Read More: Sweetener In Sugar-Free Gum Linked To 57% Higher Heart Attack And Stroke Risk: What Is Xylitol?

Can The Findings Be Applied To Humans?

Dr Bharati Kulkarni, Director, ICMR-NIN, stressed that further research would be required before drawing conclusions about the effects of the two forms of vitamin D in humans.

“Further studies are needed to establish the effects of the two forms of vitamin D on skeletal and extra-skeletal functions and their implications for supplementation and fortification programs,” she told ANI.

The findings suggest that Vitamin D3 may have stronger effects than Vitamin D2 on skeletal muscle and cardiac function. However, the study was conducted in male rats, and whether the same effects occur in humans remains to be established.

The researchers said the study provides additional evidence of differences between Vitamin D2 and D3 beyond their established roles in calcium regulation and bone health.

Researchers have developed a form of Spirulina containing biologically active vitamin B12 at levels comparable to beef. By carefully controlling the light used during cultivation, they overcame a key limitation of conventional Spirulina, which mainly contains a form of B12 that the human body cannot use.

The carbon-neutral system could offer a more sustainable, vegan-friendly source of vitamin B12, particularly for people who avoid meat and dairy.

A New Source Of Active Vitamin B12

Researchers from Reichman University in Israel, along with scientists from Iceland, Denmark and Austria, found a way to grow Spirulina that produces biologically active B12.

Published in Discover Food, the study used biotechnology and controlled light conditions to produce nutrient-rich, carbon-neutral Spirulina biomass. The researchers say this is the first reported production of biologically active B12 in Spirulina.

The cultivated biomass contained 1.64 µg of active B12 per 100 grams, compared with 0.7–1.5 µg per 100 grams in beef.

Spirulina, a blue-green cyanobacterium, is already valued for its protein and nutrient content and can be cultivated with a relatively small environmental footprint.

Why Conventional Spirulina Falls Short

Vitamin B12 is essential for functions including red blood cell formation and normal nervous system function. More than a billion people worldwide are estimated to have low levels of the vitamin.

Although Spirulina has long been promoted as a sustainable food source, conventional varieties largely contain pseudo-vitamin B12. While chemically similar to the vitamin humans need, this form is not bioavailable and cannot be effectively used by the body.

That has limited conventional Spirulina as a reliable alternative to animal-derived sources of B12.

Using Light to Change Spirulina’s Nutrition

The researchers studied a biotechnology platform developed by VAXA Technologies in Iceland. Its key feature is photonic management, which involves precisely adjusting the light environment in which Spirulina grows.

The controlled conditions encouraged the production of biologically active B12 while generating carbon-neutral biomass. The cultivated Spirulina also contained other bioactive compounds associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-related properties.

Potential for Large-Scale Production

The researchers modelled possible large-scale production scenarios. In one scenario, reallocating electricity currently used by heavy industry in Iceland could support the production of 277,950 tonnes of Spirulina biomass annually.

They estimate this could contain about 4,555 grams of active B12—enough, based on their calculations, to provide the recommended dietary allowance for more than 13.8 million children aged 1–3.

More ambitious scenarios could potentially meet the B12 RDA for more than 26.5 million children aged 1–3 and more than 50 million infants aged 0–6 months.

These figures are projections rather than current production levels.

A Sustainable B12 Alternative

The findings suggest that photosynthetically controlled Spirulina could become a sustainable, vegan-friendly source of active vitamin B12, potentially reducing some reliance on animal-based foods.

However, further research, validation and large-scale production are needed to determine whether the technology can become a practical dietary solution for vitamin B12 deficiency.

A piece of sugar-free chewing gum may seem like a healthier choice. But new research is putting one of its most excessively used ingredients under the microscope: xylitol. It is a sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chewing gum, mints, toothpaste, jam, yoghurt, and other products.

Also Read: Trump Strikes Drug Pricing Deals With 9 More Drug makers: Will Americans Finally Pay Less For Medicines?

The sugar-free sweetener has been linked with a significantly higher risk of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular death in a large new study.

Researchers found that people with the highest blood levels of xylitol had a 57% higher risk of a major cardiovascular event over six years than those with the lowest levels.

The findings were presented at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress 2026. It was based on 17,710 people from two long-running population studies. The researchers also found an 18% higher risk over 30 years in the European group.

Also Read: Fifth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: What the 3 New Heart Attack Categories Mean

But before you throw every packet of sugar-free gum into the bin, remember that the study only found an association, not definitive proof that consuming xylitol directly increases the risk of heart attacks or strokes.

What Is Xylitol?

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol. It occurs naturally in tiny amounts in some foods and is also produced by the human body while metabolising glucose.

Xylitol tastes almost the same as sugar but contains fewer calories, and it does not promote tooth decay in the same way ordinary sugar does. That's why it has become a popular ingredient in sugar-free gum, mints, and other oral-care products.

According to the ESC, the concerning part is that commercially added amounts of xylitol can be more than 1,000 times higher than the tiny quantities naturally present in foods and the body.

Also read: Eli Lilly Moves Beyond GLP-1 Drugs, To Spend 2.88 Billion On Autoimmune Drug Development

How Was Study Conducted?

Researchers divided participants according to their blood xylitol levels and compared the highest quarter with the lowest quarter.

In the Canadian cohort, those with the highest levels had a 57% greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events over six years after adjusting age, sex, smoking, diabetes, blood pressure and cholesterol.

In the European cohort, the association remained visible over a much longer period, with an 18% higher risk over 30 years.

One of the most important findings is that 57% does not mean that eating a piece of xylitol gum makes your personal risk of a heart attack jump by 57%. The researchers measured xylitol circulating in the blood, rather than asking participants how much xylitol-containing food they consumed.

Xylitol May Enable The Formation Of Blood Clots

The researchers had previously investigated how xylitol might influence blood clotting. Their laboratory work suggested that xylitol can make platelets more reactive, equipping them to form clots.

Dr Marco Witkowski of Charité University Hospital in Berlin, who presented the research, said, "Xylitol can enhance the ability of platelets to form clots."

When a blood clot blocks an artery supplying the heart, it can trigger a heart attack. If a clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain, it can cause an ischaemic stroke.

Witkowski added, "Our long-term findings highlight how little we know about the cardiovascular safety of xylitol."

The study does not establish that ordinary consumption of products containing xylitol causes heart attacks or strokes, and it does not mean that replacing sugar with xylitol is automatically dangerous.