You've probably asked yourself too if that old bottle of water in your pantry is still good to drink? Water is life, yet there are remaining questions about the shelf life. Whether you are stockpiling for emergencies or wondering if that bottled water left in a heated car is safe to drink, understanding if and how water "expires" is essential. This article goes into the science behind water storage and its potential risks and practical tips to ensure your water will remain safe and consumable.

Water itself does not spoil or degrade. Chemically, pure water (H₂O) remains unchanged indefinitely. However, there are issues that arise due to the containers in which it is stored and the environmental conditions surrounding the storage.

In the United States, most bottled water has an expiration date. This labeling is often misunderstood as being an indication of the water's safety, but it mainly has to do with quality. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirms that commercially sealed bottled water is safe to drink indefinitely if stored properly. Over time, though, the taste, smell, and even the appearance of water may change due to interactions with its packaging.

Role of Packaging in Water Safety

Plastic Bottles and Chemical Leaching

Bottled water is mostly packed in polyethylene terephthalate, PET plastic. Even though it is light in weight, resistant, and recyclable, this material is limited in other aspects. It leaches chemicals in trace amounts in the water if heated or placed under direct sunlight. For instance, do not leave your bottled water in the hot car for an extended period.

The next is bisphenol A or BPA. This chemical has been used to soften some plastics and is known for its hormone disruption. Many producers have shifted toward BPA-free materials, but older bottles and improper storage still pose risks. Bottles carrying recycling code #7 may be BPA-contaminated. There are also concerns over microplastics and long-term storage.

Microplastics and Long-Term Storage

Over time, the plastic in the bottle may leach into the water, causing some to question health risks. In 2019, one article published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health noted that these particles exist but are usually not at high enough concentrations to pose a problem if the water is properly stored.

Also Read: What Happens When You Drink Too Much Water?

How Long Can Water Be Stored Safely?

Bottled Water

Unopened bottled water, kept in a cool, dark place, remains safe to drink for years. But manufacturers often advise that it should be consumed within two years of its manufacture date for best quality. After this period, it may start showing off-flavors or odors due to contact with the plastic.

Tap Water

Tap water, under the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), undergoes strict standards for safety. It can be kept in pure, BPA-free bottles up to six months. Afterward, it loses its fresh flavor or becomes dirty if not properly sealed.

Rainwater

Don't drink rainwater unless treated first. It usually contains contaminants that should not reach the human stomach. It should be used to water plants if not filtered and sterilized first.

Signs That Water Has Gone Bad

Water itself doesn't go bad, but extrinsic factors make it unsafe. Always discard water that has:

An off smell: An earthy, metallic smell indicates contamination.

Coloration: Greenish or bluish coloration signifies microbial growth or rust.

Unpleasant taste: A metallic or stale taste is a hallmark of degradation.

Froth or particles: Indicate dirt, germs, or other impurities.

How to Store Water Safely?

Avoid Heat and Sunlight

Store water in a cool, dark place and out of direct sunlight. Heat breaks down the plastic, allowing chemicals to leach out more easily.

Choose the Right Containers

For long-term storage, select BPA-free or food-grade plastic containers. The best alternatives are stainless steel and glass containers, which avoid all the risks that plastic poses.

Hygiene Maintained

Wash and sanitize the container before refilling. Always seal the lids so that no bacteria get inside.

Rotate Your Stock

Use a first-in, first-out rotation system with stockpiled water. This will mean that you will use the oldest water first to keep your water supply fresh.

Is It Safe to Drink Water Past Its Expiration Date?

The expiration date on bottled water is a mark of its quality, not safety. Although the water is safe to drink past this date, it is sensible to check it for any signs of spoilage as mentioned above. Tap water that has been stored for longer periods should be checked for clarity and odor before consumption.

Plastic bottles, although convenient, degrade the environment. Only a few percent of PET bottles are recycled, while the rest remain in landfills or oceans. Choose reusable containers and tap water whenever possible to minimize plastic waste and environmental damage.

Water is one of the most precious resources in this world, yet it can be safe only if it is kept appropriately. People may tell you that water does not expire, but the fact is that packaging materials, exposure to the environment, and storage conditions may affect the quality of the water. Proper storage techniques, opting for BPA-free containers, ensure that water remains fresh, safe, and ready for consumption at any time.

Health Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr. at a conference on Monday claimed that aluminum in vaccines cause food allergies. This is not the first time one is hearing about this, as his campaign against the aluminum has been an old one. In fact, in September, President Donald Trump said he wanted aluminum removed from vaccines.

As a result, a month later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), appointed an advisory committee that said in a document that the CDC could study whether either of two aluminum adjuvants in childhood vaccines could increase the risk of asthma. On fact, a draft agenda for its December meeting also includes a discussion of "adjuvants and contaminants".

On Monday, RFK Jr. said that while there is no science backing the connection, he would want researchers to look at it because as per him, their use "fit the timeline perfectly". "We don't have the science to say this is an effect or not, or maybe other things like, for example, pesticides that fit the same timeline," he said at the conference that was focused on food allergies.

What Does The Science Say On Aluminum's Link With Food Allergies?

As per CDC, an adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that help create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. This means, the aluminum helps the vaccine work better. CDC notes that adjuvants help the body to produce an immune response strong enough to protect the person from the disease he or she is being vaccinated against. The CDC also states that adjuvants have been used safely in vaccines for decades.

The vaccines that contain aluminum adjuvants are manufactured by GSK Plc, Merck & Co., Pfizer Inc., and Sanofi Sa. These vaccines are used to protect children as well as adults against diseases like polio, hepatitis A and B, human papillomavirus, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, meningitis, and pneumonia.

However, as per a 2022 observational study titled Association Between Aluminum Exposure From Vaccines Before Age 24 Months and Persistent Asthma at Age 24 to 59 Months, there were possible relationship between the two, though the study did mention that "further investigation is needed". Though, this study has been contradicted by another 2023 study conducted by Denmark's public health agency found no such relation between aluminum and asthma.

RFK Jr. however, demanded that the Annals of Internal Medicine medical journal must retract the Danish study that found no such relation between aluminum and asthma, though the editors of the journal refused.

In fact, the American Academy of Pediatrics also noted that there is no credible link between aluminum in vaccines and the development of food allergies. In a Facebook post, the American Academy of Pediatrics noted: "There is no credible link between aluminum in vaccines and the development of food allergies, including peanut allergies. Peanut allergy risks are influenced by several factors, including genetics or delayed introduction of peanuts during infancy. Pediatricians are always available to offer support, guidance and answer any questions parents may have about vaccines and allergies."

A number of healthy diets have been linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, no matter a person’s ethnic background. Researchers suggest that these eating habits, which emphasize fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, “can be promoted across all populations.” The analysis looked at 33 studies involving 826,000 people, focusing on three specific diets.

Diet Plans To Lower Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes

These three diets, as per the researchers from the University Of Cambridge told us three diets that can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes:

Mediterranean Diet: Focuses on plenty of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fish, following the traditional eating patterns of Mediterranean countries.

Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI): Highlights a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy proteins and fats, aiming to reduce the risk of chronic illnesses.

DASH Diet: Created to lower blood pressure, this diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean proteins, while limiting intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt.

What Is The Mediterranean Diet?

The Mediterranean diet is based on traditional foods from countries around the Mediterranean Sea. It prioritizes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil as the main fat source, while limiting red meat, sweets, and processed foods. Moderate portions of fish, poultry, eggs, and low-fat dairy are included, with a focus on fresh, minimally processed ingredients.

What Is Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)?

The AHEI is a dietary scoring system created by Harvard researchers to encourage healthy aging and reduce chronic disease risk. It promotes a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, legumes, and healthy fats, while discouraging red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and high sodium intake. A higher AHEI score reflects better adherence to a healthy diet.

What Is The DASH Diet?

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is designed to lower blood pressure and improve heart health. It focuses on nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean proteins, while limiting saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, red meat, sweets, and sugary drinks. Nutrients like potassium, calcium, and magnesium are emphasized to support cardiovascular and overall health.

Impact on Type 2 Diabetes Risk

The study found that people who followed these diets most closely had a significantly lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those with the lowest adherence. Specifically, the DASH diet lowered the risk by 23%, the Mediterranean diet by 17%, and the AHEI by 21%.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin does not function effectively, causing high blood sugar. Lifestyle interventions, such as adopting these healthy diets and exercising, can help lower blood sugar levels and reduce dependence on medication.

Benefits Across Ethnic Groups

The advantages of these diets appeared consistent across African, Asian, European, and Hispanic populations. Researchers stated, “Major ethnic groups benefit equally from higher adherence to these dietary patterns,” though they noted more research is needed to tailor recommendations for specific populations.

The findings are scheduled to be presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conference in Vienna this September.

Most people assume that low- or no-sugar drinks are a healthier alternative to regular sodas, but new research suggests that might not be the full picture. A large-scale study presented at UEG Week 2025 found that both sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and low- or non-sugar-sweetened beverages (LNSSBs) are linked to an increased risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

What Is MASLD?

According to the Cleveland Clinic, MASLD—short for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, is a condition in which extra fat accumulates in the liver. It was previously called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unlike liver damage caused by heavy drinking, MASLD is linked to metabolic risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. If left untreated, it can progress to more serious liver problems.

What The Study Found

Researchers analyzed data from 123,788 participants in the UK Biobank who did not have liver disease at the start of the study. Participants reported their beverage consumption through multiple 24-hour dietary questionnaires, giving researchers insight into how both sugary and “diet” drinks might affect liver health.

The results were striking: individuals consuming more than 250 grams per day of either SSBs or LNSSBs faced significantly higher risks of MASLD, about 60% higher for LNSSBs and 50% higher for SSBs. Over a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 1,178 participants were diagnosed with MASLD, and 108 died from liver-related causes. Interestingly, LNSSBs, but not SSBs, showed a notable link to liver-related mortality. Both drink types were also tied to increased liver fat.

Understanding MASLD and Its Growing Impact

MASLD occurs when excess fat builds up in the liver, which can eventually lead to inflammation, fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Once considered less common, MASLD has now become the most widespread chronic liver disease globally, affecting more than 30% of the population. It is also emerging as a leading cause of liver-related deaths worldwide.

Lead author Lihe Liu emphasized, “SSBs have long been scrutinized, while their ‘diet’ counterparts are often seen as a healthier choice. Our study shows that both types of beverages are widely consumed, yet their effects on liver health have not been fully understood.”

Liu added, “Even modest consumption of LNSSBs, like a single can per day, was linked to a higher risk of MASLD. These findings challenge the perception that ‘diet’ drinks are harmless and highlight the need to reconsider their role in our diets, especially as MASLD continues to grow as a public health concern.”

Why Both Sugary and Diet Drinks May Harm the Liver

The researchers explained potential mechanisms behind the risks. SSBs, with their high sugar content, can spike blood glucose and insulin, promote weight gain, and increase uric acid levels, all contributing to liver fat accumulation. LNSSBs may affect liver health differently: by altering the gut microbiome, disrupting feelings of fullness, triggering sugar cravings, or even stimulating insulin secretion.

Water Remains the Safest Choice

Experts recommend limiting both sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages. Replacing either type with water showed a significant reduction in MASLD risk, about 13% for SSBs and 15% for LNSSBs. Simply switching between SSBs and LNSSBs did not reduce risk.

The researchers plan to investigate causal mechanisms more deeply with long-term studies, including randomized and genetic trials. They aim to better understand how sugar and its substitutes interact with the gut microbiome and influence liver disease.