Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of people, both children and adults. The key characteristics are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Because of many obstacles, researchers have been searching for other therapies—inclining to include diet intervention to control the symptoms of ADHD more effectively. One interesting area of research is that for chili peppers! Yes, you read it correctly, scientists are studying the effects of chilli peppers in order to help ease symptoms of ADHD through their action on gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a two-way communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system. It has significant roles in brain function, emotional control, and cognitive processes. The most recent research indicates that gut microbiota- bacteria living in the digestive system can potentially affect ADHD by impacting the production of neurotransmitters and brain structure.

People with ADHD tend to have reduced levels of healthy gut bacteria, including Lactobacillus, and a less diverse gut microbiota. This imbalance can contribute to greater neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are involved in ADHD pathology.

Gut microbiota also control the production of dopamine and serotonin, two neurotransmitters critical for attention, impulse control, and emotional stability.

Can Chili Peppers Be A Natural Treatment For ADHD?

Chili peppers have bioactive molecules, such as capsaicin, vitamin C, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), that could affect symptoms of ADHD through modulation of the gut microbiota and neurotransmitter concentration.

Capsaicin, the phytochemical in chili peppers, has been found to modulate neurotransmitter levels. Experiments with animals reveal that capsaicin boosts the levels of serotonin and dopamine in the brain, which has the potential to enhance attention and impulse control.

Additionally, capsaicin has been shown to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are associated with ADHD pathology. Through the reduction of these variables, capsaicin could help to decrease some ADHD symptoms. While animal models offer promising information, human studies are needed to ascertain if capsaicin supplementation can produce a concrete effect on ADHD symptoms.

Role of Vitamin C and Gut Microbiobe

Chili peppers are a rich source of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that enhances immune function, neurotransmitter production, and iron absorption. New evidence indicates that vitamin C can also increase the prevalence of helpful microbes such as Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiota. Gut microbial balance has been implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases such as ADHD, and vitamin C's activity in regulating gut microbes could potentially be used as a therapy.

Moreover, vitamin C also decreases brain inflammation, which tends to be higher in patients with ADHD.

Chili peppers are also rich in PUFAs, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Studies have established that patients with ADHD tend to have lower levels of omega-3 PUFAs, which are important for brain function, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of neurotransmitters. Omega-3 supplementation has been shown to enhance memory function and boost short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut bacteria, which promote brain and gut health.

Given that PUFAs have anti-inflammatory properties and maintain cognitive function, their occurrence in chili peppers contributes to the accumulating data indicating dietary intervention may be effective in modulating ADHD symptoms.

Although chili peppers have bioactive substances that could affect the gut-brain axis and help alleviate ADHD symptoms, their impact is speculative until stricter human trials are carried out. Being a readily available food item, peppers can be used as a possible adjunct therapy, which can be added to conventional ADHD treatments. Peppers, however, cannot be used as a substitute for established medical therapies, including behavioral therapy and prescription drugs.

The developing connection between nutrition, gut microbiome, and ADHD has paved the way for exploring non-medication interventions. Chili peppers, rich in capsaicin, vitamin C, and PUFAs, represent a novel yet unproven method for modulating ADHD symptoms. While early research points towards a possible intervention by chili peppers in modulating neurotransmitter content and minimizing neuroinflammation, human studies are essential to validate the observations.

New Delhi: No time to cook? A pack of chips and cookies can come to the rescue—but how healthy is this practice? Unfortunately, it is a world where many prefer the more convenient choice for food and drink, something that requires almost no effort. But little do we realise that this habit of trying to keep things convenient can backfire in the long run. Ultra-processed foods such as chips, cookies, and sodas can give your taste buds a treat, but at a very high cost. Your favourite packaged foods, even if they say 'no sugar' or 'fat-free' on the label, are loaded with sweeteners and preservatives that do little good in the long run. How much does it take to give you a stroke? Let's find out.

Read more: Young Cancer Cases on the Rise: Is Junk Food + Sedentary Life to Blame?

According to experts at the University of Texas Health Science Center, ultra-processed foods are associated with a heightened risk of heart disease. Studies strongly recommend sticking to a safe limit when consuming these foods, as going overboard can backfire in unpredictable ways. Not only do these foods spike cholesterol, but they can also silently result in weight gain, blood sugar fluctuations, and even obesity-driven type 2 diabetes.

What is the impact of eating processed foods in excess?

Several studies have been conducted in this area, and it turns out that eating ultra-processed foods is associated with 32 health conditions. Experts say that one of the best ways of understanding this is through the analogy of corn—on the cob, it is unprocessed, but the moment it is canned or turned into corn crisps, it enters the unhealthy food category.

A new study from the American College of Cardiology (ACC) has found that nine servings or more of such foods in a day could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke by a whopping 67%. Furthermore, every additional serving increases the risk of life-threatening complications by approximately 5%. This may lead many to believe that nine servings is an inflated number; however, many people easily surpass this on a daily basis. For instance, a standard serving of chips is 30 grams, which amounts to 15 crisps. A regular pack of chips, however, is about 150 grams, which can easily exceed the safe limit.

The study, presented at the ACC's Annual Scientific Session, examined data from approximately 7,000 adults collected between 2000 and 2012, with questionnaires assessing how many portions of UPFs one consumes in a day. For this, researchers referred to the NOVA classification system, which categorises food into four groups—minimally processed, unprocessed, lightly processed, and ultra-processed.

Participants who ate the most processed foods consumed about 9.3 servings per day on average. People in this group were 67% more likely to die due to stroke or coronary heart disease, heart attack, or cardiac arrest. Yet, some researchers stressed that regardless of the calories consumed in a day, the risks associated with UPFs were about the same. Overall, every daily serving was associated with a 5.1% rise in the risk of adverse cardiac events.

How to spot ultra-processed foods?

Experts say that the key rule of thumb for spotting UPFs is to look for ingredients that you would never purchase for your own kitchen. These may include ingredients such as:

1. Artificial colours
2. Artificial sweeteners and thickeners
3. Corn syrup
4. High-fructose corn syrup
5. Hydrolysed proteins

While the supermarket is stocked with ultra-processed foods, it is advised to ensure that at least 80% of your diet comprises minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, fresh meat, legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds.

New Delhi: Talk of a classic Indian meal, and the key components are dal, roti, vegetable curry, and rice. One of the most popular flatbreads, roti is an essential component of a basic North Indian meal—but little do we realise that it can provide approximately 100 calories per piece. For a diabetes patient, this can be a concern due to blood sugar fluctuations. So, what alternative can one fall back on? It is South Indian cuisine that can come to your rescue, as it not only satisfies the taste buds but is also considered diabetes-friendly and weight-loss-friendly.

Read more: Eating Right, Working Out - Still Gaining Weight? Here’s Why

Why are South Indian breads healthier?

The key component of roti or chapati is wheat. Despite being a decent source of fibre, it has a high glycemic index that can result in spikes or drops in blood sugar levels. South Indian breads such as dosa are rice- and lentil-based or sometimes made with sooji. These are cooked on low heat on a tava, or sometimes even steamed. This, in turn, keeps the calorie count low while delivering fibre, protein, and essential vitamins in a meal. A number of South Indian breads are also gluten-free. Take a look at the top five healthy South Indian breads that are far better than roti.

Dosa: Talk of South Indian food, and dosa always takes the cake for being versatile, delicious, and healthy. What more can one ask for? It is a fermented crepe made from lentils and rice. Its calorie count is as low as 100–120 calories. A filling option, this bread is worth mentioning in a series of healthy Indian breads.

Appam: Naturally low in fat, appam is also a healthy South Indian flatbread made from rice flour and coconut milk. The batter is fermented for a period of time and then prepared like a soft, fluffy pancake. Appams generally provide 100–150 calories per piece.

Uttapam: If you are looking for a more elaborate preparation with lots of vegetables, then uttapam can be your pick. This South Indian bread is a popular breakfast food, as it is nutrient-dense, filling, and incredibly delicious. This fermented dish packs protein, fibre, probiotics, and other essential vitamins. It is good for weight loss and also benefits diabetics managing blood sugar fluctuations.

Akki roti: Akki roti is gluten-free and made from rice flour. Native to Karnataka, this flatbread is generally served for breakfast and is prepared by mixing rice flour with onions, green chilies, or vegetables like carrots and cucumber.

Puttu: Native to Kerala, this South Indian bread is made with steamed white rice and coconut shavings. It is gluten-free, low in calories, and also has a low glycemic index. Therefore, it is a good choice for diabetes patients.

E. coli outbreak was linked to raw cheddar cheese. This has allegedly sickened seven people across multiple states. Federal regulators on Sunday announced that an E. coli outbreak infected seven people in three states and it has been traced to raw cheddar cheese product. Individuals who have been affected are children, ages 3 or younger across California, Texas, and Florida. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) noted that out of the seven cases, fiver were in California, one in Florida and another in Texas.

FDA said, "The FDA and CDC, in collaboration with state and local partners, are investigating a multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections. As of March 14, 2026, a total of 7 confirmed infections have been reported from three states."

Also Read: Meningitis Outbreak: University of Kent Student Among Two Who Died of the ‘Invasive’ Disease

The officials have been able to trace the California producer RAW FARM, which is a family-owned company and is recognized as nation's largest producer of raw dairy products. FDA also noted that RAW FARM has declined to issue a voluntary recall despite agency's recommendation.

What Is RAW FARM's Response To The E.coli Outbreak?

The dairy farm denied any such allegations on its social media page. On Monday, it claimed that the health agency has made "false allegations" against the brand and that no tests have confirmed a positive match for the E.coli strain.

The statement by RAW FARM noted: "We disagree 100% with the allegations made by the FDA and CDC," the company said. "All of our products have been CONFIRMED to be negative for all harmful bacteria, including Ecoli 0157-H7. FDA has found NO Raw Farm products to be tested positive for Ecoli in the marketplace."

"Inaccurate statements made by the FDA and CDC linking our brand to an outbreak is egregious and extreme harassment towards our brand," it added.

Also Read: Does Heating Food Kill E.Coli?

What Have The Tests Shown?

However, the FDA confirmed that no RAW FARM-brand cheddar cheese products have been tested positive for E.coli. State partners have begun collecting product samples. FDA added that the investigators were able to track the infections using epidemiological data, which is a scientific method that analyzes the distribution, patterns, and causes of health-related events.

"Epidemiologic evidence indicates that RAW FARM-brand raw cheddar cheese products made by RAW FARM, LLC are the likely source of this outbreak," the agency said.

Of the three individuals who were interviewed, all reported eating RAW FARM-brand cheese, noted the federal regulators. They also added that local officials are working to gather more information for the other four cases.

As of now, two patients have been hospitalized, and no deaths have been reported.

While the company denied FDA's allegations, the agency released a notice urging consumers and retailers to exercise caution with the cheese and to sanitize any surface to prevent cross-contamination.

What Is E. Coli?

Escherichia coli, or E.coli is a bacterium that lives in the human intestine and is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the US and the UK. In June 2024, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) warned that E.coli cases reported across the UK were part of a single outbreak. It also issued a list of recalled products to parents as the outbreak spread.

There are multiple species of E.coli, and some of them are also harmless. However, there are others that can result in mild symptoms, including nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea, while some can be even more serious and can lead to life-threatening symptoms.