Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of people, both children and adults. The key characteristics are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Because of many obstacles, researchers have been searching for other therapies—inclining to include diet intervention to control the symptoms of ADHD more effectively. One interesting area of research is that for chili peppers! Yes, you read it correctly, scientists are studying the effects of chilli peppers in order to help ease symptoms of ADHD through their action on gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a two-way communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system. It has significant roles in brain function, emotional control, and cognitive processes. The most recent research indicates that gut microbiota- bacteria living in the digestive system can potentially affect ADHD by impacting the production of neurotransmitters and brain structure.

People with ADHD tend to have reduced levels of healthy gut bacteria, including Lactobacillus, and a less diverse gut microbiota. This imbalance can contribute to greater neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are involved in ADHD pathology.

Gut microbiota also control the production of dopamine and serotonin, two neurotransmitters critical for attention, impulse control, and emotional stability.

Can Chili Peppers Be A Natural Treatment For ADHD?

Chili peppers have bioactive molecules, such as capsaicin, vitamin C, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), that could affect symptoms of ADHD through modulation of the gut microbiota and neurotransmitter concentration.

Capsaicin, the phytochemical in chili peppers, has been found to modulate neurotransmitter levels. Experiments with animals reveal that capsaicin boosts the levels of serotonin and dopamine in the brain, which has the potential to enhance attention and impulse control.

Additionally, capsaicin has been shown to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are associated with ADHD pathology. Through the reduction of these variables, capsaicin could help to decrease some ADHD symptoms. While animal models offer promising information, human studies are needed to ascertain if capsaicin supplementation can produce a concrete effect on ADHD symptoms.

Role of Vitamin C and Gut Microbiobe

Chili peppers are a rich source of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that enhances immune function, neurotransmitter production, and iron absorption. New evidence indicates that vitamin C can also increase the prevalence of helpful microbes such as Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiota. Gut microbial balance has been implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases such as ADHD, and vitamin C's activity in regulating gut microbes could potentially be used as a therapy.

Moreover, vitamin C also decreases brain inflammation, which tends to be higher in patients with ADHD.

Chili peppers are also rich in PUFAs, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Studies have established that patients with ADHD tend to have lower levels of omega-3 PUFAs, which are important for brain function, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of neurotransmitters. Omega-3 supplementation has been shown to enhance memory function and boost short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut bacteria, which promote brain and gut health.

Given that PUFAs have anti-inflammatory properties and maintain cognitive function, their occurrence in chili peppers contributes to the accumulating data indicating dietary intervention may be effective in modulating ADHD symptoms.

Although chili peppers have bioactive substances that could affect the gut-brain axis and help alleviate ADHD symptoms, their impact is speculative until stricter human trials are carried out. Being a readily available food item, peppers can be used as a possible adjunct therapy, which can be added to conventional ADHD treatments. Peppers, however, cannot be used as a substitute for established medical therapies, including behavioral therapy and prescription drugs.

The developing connection between nutrition, gut microbiome, and ADHD has paved the way for exploring non-medication interventions. Chili peppers, rich in capsaicin, vitamin C, and PUFAs, represent a novel yet unproven method for modulating ADHD symptoms. While early research points towards a possible intervention by chili peppers in modulating neurotransmitter content and minimizing neuroinflammation, human studies are essential to validate the observations.

Dame Emma Thompson believes that eating well is never about punishment, food guilt, or obsessively tracking every bite. So what did she do to lose 8 kgs? She ditched diet.

Instead, she follows what she openly calls an “anti-diet” approach. It is not about restriction but awareness. She pays attention to what she eats, fuels her body properly, and still makes space for the foods she genuinely enjoys. That balance is exactly why the method has worked for her long term.

A couple of years ago, the 66-year-old actor and screenwriter lost around 8kg without falling into the trap of rigid rules or trendy superfoods. Rather than cutting entire food groups, Emma focused on consistency, structure, and realism. The result was not just weight loss, but better energy and a healthier relationship with food.

What the Anti-Diet Plan Looks Like in Real Life

Emma worked with Louise Parker, a trainer and nutrition coach known for promoting sustainable habits over quick fixes. The plan itself was calorie-controlled but far from extreme. It included three regular meals a day, each centered on protein to support muscle and keep hunger steady. These meals were paired with slow-digesting carbohydrates such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruit, along with healthy fats for satiety. Two snacks were also built into the day, removing the feeling of deprivation that often leads to overeating later.

The idea was not perfection, but rhythm. Eating regularly helps stabilise blood sugar, reduces cravings, and prevents the binge-restrict cycle that derails many diets. This structure alone can make a significant difference for people who have spent years jumping between extremes.

Why Enjoying ‘Forbidden’ Foods Matters

One of the most refreshing aspects of this approach is that no food is completely off-limits. Emma has spoken openly about enjoying things like cheese, bacon, and even wine occasionally. This is not indulgence for the sake of it. It is a strategic choice.

When people label foods as “bad,” they often end up craving them more. Allowing flexibility removes that psychological pressure. Interestingly, many foods marketed as healthy can be more calorie-dense and less satisfying than traditional options. By eating foods she actually enjoys, Emma avoided the constant feeling of missing out, making the plan easier to maintain over time.

A Rejection of Crash Diet Culture

Emma’s resistance to dieting is deeply personal. Earlier in her career, she tried crash diets and paid the price. She has spoken candidly about how dieting disrupted her metabolism and negatively affected her mental health. Like many people, she was sold the promise of quick results, only to experience long-term consequences.

This honesty highlights an important truth. Extreme restriction may deliver short-term weight loss, but it often damages the body’s ability to regulate hunger and energy. It also fuels a harmful cycle of guilt and rebound weight gain.

The Role of Exercise and Lifestyle Habits

Food was only one part of the equation. Emma also followed an intense fitness routine that included resistance training and ballet-inspired movement. Strength training plays a crucial role in preserving muscle mass, improving metabolism, and supporting long-term weight management. Alongside exercise, sleep, recovery, and mental wellbeing were treated as non-negotiables rather than afterthoughts.

Why This Approach Is Easier to Stick To

Behavioral science consistently shows that

sustainable change comes from habits that fit into real life. Flexible eating patterns that allow enjoyment, regular meals, and adequate nourishment reduce reliance on willpower. When people stop viewing food as the enemy, consistency becomes far more achievable.

Emma Thompson’s “anti-diet” approach works because it respects both biology and psychology. It replaces punishment with practicality, and restriction with balance. That combination is what turns healthy eating from a temporary phase into a lifestyle that actually lasts.

Mince pies, a Christmas delight, has been recalled just a few hours before Christmas in UK, over dangerous 'health risks'. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) warned consumers that there could be certain allergies and intolerances that could occur.

Why Are Mince Pies Recalled?

Shallow Brandy Mince Pies by the Bakewell baker have been recalled because it contains milk, "which is not mentioned on the label", noted the FSA notice, issued on December 23.

"The product is a health risk for anyone with an allergy or intolerance to milk or milk constituents," read the FSA notice.

The affected batch include six packs with the following best before dates: 2 February 2026, 3 February 2026, 4 February 2026, and 5 February 2026.

What Does The FSA Notice Say?

Why is the product being recalled?

We have identified that it has been labels incorrectly. Allergen missing. Product contains

milk not declared labels an ingredient has. This may pose a risk to customers.

What should customers do?

Please call the office.

• If you have purchased this product, please do not consume it.

• Return it to the store where it was bought for a full refund. No receipt is required.

FSA issued a "do not consume" notice to warn customer who could be affected.

What Happens When Lactose Intolerant People Consume Milk Or Milk Based Products?

When lactose intolerant people consume milk or milk-based products their bodies cannot properly digest the lactose sugar, leading to uncomfortable digestive symptoms like gas, bloating, cramps, abdominal pain, rumbling sounds, nausea, and diarrhea, usually within 30 minutes to 2 hours, because the undigested lactose ferments in the gut. Severity varies by individual, but it's generally a harmless condition, manageable by limiting dairy or using lactase supplements, and is different from a milk allergy.

Common Symptoms

• Gas & Bloating: Bacteria in the large intestine ferment the lactose, producing gas and causing the gut to stretch.
• Cramps & Pain: Fermentation creates acids and gases, leading to pain around the navel and lower abdomen.
• Diarrhea: Excess water and gas in the colon can result in loose stools.
• Nausea & Vomiting: Some people experience nausea or may even vomit.
• Stomach Noises: You might hear rumbling or "growling" sounds

However, not everyone is lactose intolerant, some may have an allergy from milk, which could lead to different allergy symptoms, which include:

1. Hives
2. Skin rash
3. Stomach upset
4. Runny Nose

In fact, severe symptoms could also lead to wheezing, throat swelling, difficulty breathing, vomiting, anaphylaxis.

Are There Any Alternatives To Mince Pies?

There are mince pies available without milk or using any dairy. These dairy-free pastry, which are often made with vegetable oils or vegan butter substitute plant-based milk for brushing, or skipping the milk wash entirely. Traditional pie crusts use ice water as the liquid, so replacing milk is easier.

Always pay attention to be label to know if it contains any ingredient you may be allergic to.

Your gut's petrol maybe running low and it is causing you all sorts of gut issues. But, what does it really mean?

Bloating that doesn’t settle, gas that feels unpredictable, sluggish digestion, and a constant sense that your gut just isn’t cooperating anymore. All of these complaints are becoming increasingly common, especially in urban India. While many people blame stress or food intolerances, experts say the issue may lie deeper, at the level of the gut microbiome. One key reason: falling levels of butyrate, a small but powerful compound essential for gut health.

Often described as the gut’s “petrol,” butyrate plays a critical role in keeping the digestive system resilient and balanced.

What Is Butyrate and Why Does It Matter?

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced when beneficial gut bacteria ferment dietary fiber. Think of it as the primary fuel source for the cells lining the colon. When enough butyrate is present, the gut lining stays strong, inflammation remains under control, and digestion functions smoothly.

When levels drop, the gut barrier weakens. This can lead to inflammation, slower digestion, immune imbalance, and even disruptions in metabolism and mood. In simple terms, low butyrate means the gut struggles to repair and protect itself.

A Silent Deficiency on the Rise

Recent gut microbiome analyses suggest that butyrate levels are declining sharply, particularly among adults living in metro cities. The drop isn’t limited to older age groups, even people in their 20s and 30s are showing early signs of imbalance.

While other SCFAs like propionate and acetate may remain relatively stable, butyrate appears to be the first to fall. This imbalance is increasingly being linked to rising cases of irritable bowel symptoms, unexplained digestive discomfort, and metabolic issues, even when routine tests appear normal.

What Low Butyrate Says About Your Gut

Low butyrate usually signals one of two problems, or both. Either the butyrate-producing bacteria are disappearing, or the diet lacks the fibers those bacteria depend on. Many people believe they eat “healthy,” yet still miss out on fiber diversity.

Without adequate fuel, beneficial bacteria struggle to survive. As a result, the gut ecosystem shifts, leading to symptoms such as bloating, cramps, urgency, alternating constipation and loose stools, fatigue, brain fog, and sugar cravings. These issues often go undetected because structural tests show no obvious damage.

How Modern Diets Are Fueling the Problem

Traditional Indian diets once provided a wide range of fibers through millets, dals, vegetables, fermented foods, and seasonal produce. Over time, these have been replaced by ultra-processed foods that are low in fiber and high in sugar and refined carbohydrates.

Add irregular meal timings, chronic stress, poor sleep, frequent antibiotic or painkiller use, and environmental pollution, and the gut microbiome takes a hit. The bacteria that produce butyrate simply fade away, much like shutting down a factory that no longer receives raw materials.

Rebuilding Butyrate Naturally

Restoring butyrate isn’t about quick fixes. Supplements may provide temporary relief, but they don’t rebuild the ecosystem. The foundation is dietary diversity.

Foods that help feed butyrate-producing bacteria include millets, legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, seeds, and resistant starches. Everyday foods such as bananas, onions, garlic, oats, and cooked-and-cooled rice act as natural prebiotics. Fermented foods like curd and buttermilk also support microbial balance.

With consistent changes, the gut can slowly restart its butyrate production, though meaningful recovery may take several months.

Why Fiber Awareness Matters More Than Ever

Low butyrate isn’t just a digestive issue. It reflects how modern lifestyles are reshaping gut health at a population level. Improving fiber diversity could strengthen immunity, metabolism, and long-term health more effectively than treating symptoms later.

In many ways, restoring butyrate means returning to simpler, whole-food eating habits — and giving the gut the fuel it was designed to run on.