Yeast Infection

Yeast Infections (Vaginal)

Vaginal yeast infection, or vaginal candidiasis, is a common fungal issue causing discomfort, discharge, and intense itching in the vagina and surrounding tissues. Many women, about 3 out of 4, may experience this at some point, often having at least two episodes. Despite its common occurrence, it's important to know that this infection isn't considered a sexually transmitted infection, although there's a higher risk during initial sexual activity.

There's also some evidence suggesting a link between these infections and activities like oral-genital sex. Fortunately, medications are effective in treating vaginal yeast infections. For those dealing with frequent episodes (four or more within a year), a longer treatment plan and a maintenance routine may be needed for proper management. Understanding the nature, risk factors, and available treatments is essential for promoting women's reproductive health.

A yeast infection can change how your vulva looks and feels, affecting vaginal discharge. You might feel itching and burning around your vaginal opening, especially during urination or sex. Although the discharge may become thicker and lumpier, its smell usually stays the same. It's crucial to know that not everyone with a yeast infection experiences the same symptoms, and some may have no symptoms at all. This highlights the importance of being aware of your body's changes and seeking medical advice if you notice anything unusual or uncomfortable.

Symptoms of Yeast Infection

Experiencing a yeast infection can bring about discomfort and changes in the vaginal area, with symptoms ranging from mild to more severe. Common signs include itching, irritation, a burning sensation during sex or when urinating, redness, swelling, vaginal pain, soreness, and the appearance of thick, white, odour-free discharge resembling cottage cheese. In some cases, there may also be watery vaginal discharge.

Complications might arise in a more complex yeast infection, marked by extensive redness, swelling, and intense itching leading to tears, cracks, or sores. Factors such as having four or more yeast infections in a year, an infection caused by a less typical fungus, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, or a weakened immune system due to medications or conditions like HIV can contribute to these complications.

If you're unsure whether your symptoms indicate a yeast infection, especially if it's your first time experiencing them, it's wise to consult your doctor. Seeking medical advice becomes crucial if over-the-counter antifungal treatments don't bring relief or if your symptoms worsen. Listening to your body's signals and addressing concerns promptly with your healthcare provider ensures proper diagnosis and treatment, promoting optimal care and management of yeast infections.

Causes of Yeast Infection

Vaginal yeast infections happen when there's a problem with the natural balance of microorganisms in your vagina. Normally, there's a mix of yeast and bacteria, like candida and lactobacillus, keeping things in check. But certain things can mess up this balance, leading to too much candida and causing the signs of a yeast infection.

Using antibiotics is a common reason. They can wipe out both good and bad bacteria in your vagina, upsetting the balance. Being pregnant, having uncontrolled diabetes, or having a weak immune system can also make yeast overgrow. Even taking birth control pills or hormone therapy with high oestrogen levels can throw things off, making it easier for candida to grow. Candida albicans is usually the main cause of yeast infections, and treating infections from other types of candida can be harder.

Some things increase your chance of getting a yeast infection. Using antibiotics, especially strong ones, can kill good bacteria and make yeast grow. Higher oestrogen levels, common in pregnant women or those on strong oestrogen birth control, also make you more prone. Poorly controlled diabetes can mess with your blood sugar and raise the risk. If your immune system is weak from things like corticosteroid therapy or HIV, you're also more likely to get yeast infections.

Knowing these risk factors and how vaginal flora works is important for spotting and dealing with yeast infections. If you're at risk or have symptoms, getting medical help ensures the right diagnosis and treatment for effective care.

Prevention of Yeast Infection

Taking steps to reduce your risk of vaginal yeast infections is essential for maintaining your intimate health. Simple changes in daily habits and choices can make a significant difference in preventing these infections.

Choosing the right underwear is a crucial step. Opt for underwear with a cotton crotch that fits comfortably without being too tight. Cotton is an excellent choice because it is breathable, preventing the build-up of heat and moisture, which can create an environment favourable to yeast growth. Loose-fitting clothing, including jeans, skirts, yoga pants, and pantyhose, is also recommended to avoid raising your body temperature and increasing moisture in the genital area.

Avoiding certain practices can further contribute to prevention. Steer clear of tight-fitting pantyhose and resist the urge to douche. Douching disrupts the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina by removing beneficial bacteria that protect against infections. Similarly, avoid scented feminine products like bubble baths, pads, and tampons, as these can irritate the delicate balance.

Hot tubs and very hot baths should be approached cautiously, as the heat and moisture can create an environment conducive to yeast overgrowth. Change out wet clothes promptly, especially after swimming or exercising, to prevent prolonged exposure to moisture.

Maintain proper hygiene practices by always wiping from front to back in the bathroom. During your period, change tampons, pads, and panty liners regularly to minimize the risk of infection. If you have diabetes, managing it effectively is crucial, as imbalanced blood sugar levels can contribute to yeast overgrowth.

Reserve antibiotic use for necessary situations. Antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria, increasing the risk of yeast infections. Only use them when prescribed for bacterial infections, and avoid unnecessary use for conditions like colds, as they are ineffective against viruses.

Incorporating yoghurt with active cultures into your diet is a proactive measure. These cultures contribute to the good bacteria in your body, aiding in the control of yeast growth.

By making these simple adjustments to your lifestyle and hygiene practices, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing vaginal yeast infections and promote overall intimate well-being.

Tests and Treatment for Yeast Infection

To diagnose a yeast infection, your doctor will first gather information about your medical history, asking about past vaginal infections or sexually transmitted infections. They will then perform a pelvic exam, examining your external genitals for signs of infection. During the exam, a speculum is used to open the vaginal walls for a closer inspection of the vagina and cervix—the lower part of the uterus. Additionally, a sample of vaginal fluid may be tested to identify the specific fungus causing the infection, helping the doctor prescribe more effective treatments for recurrent cases.

Treatment for yeast infections depends on their severity and frequency. For mild to moderate symptoms and infrequent episodes, your doctor may recommend short-course vaginal therapy, involving antifungal medications like miconazole or terconazole, available in various forms such as creams, ointments, tablets, and suppositories. In some cases, a single-dose oral medication like fluconazole may be prescribed.

If initial treatments don't resolve the symptoms or if they return within two months, it's important to revisit your doctor. For severe or recurrent cases, long-course vaginal therapy may be recommended, involving daily medication for up to two weeks, followed by once a week for six months. Alternatively, your doctor might suggest multidose oral medication, or, in cases of resistance to standard antifungal agents, the use of boric acid inserted into the vagina as a capsule.

It's crucial to follow your doctor's advice and return for further evaluation if needed. Pregnant women should be cautious with oral medications, and any boric acid treatment must only be applied vaginally due to potential harm if taken orally. Seeking professional guidance ensures appropriate diagnosis and tailored treatment for effective management of yeast infections.