Xerostomia

Overview

Xerostomia refers to the sensation of oral dryness, which can result from diminished saliva production. However, patients can also report having a dry mouth sans a considerable decrease in saliva. Symptoms of this condition include a sticky and dry mouth, bad breath, a sore throat, and trouble eating, swallowing, or even talking. Treating dry mouth involves addressing its underlying causes.

What is Xerostomia?

Xerostomia is a condition wherein an individual constantly has a dry mouth. It is a sensation that you may feel when you do not have enough saliva. When your salivary glands do not produce enough saliva to lubricate your mouth and keep it clean, not only will a dry mouth make your mouth unclean, but it also is a sign of an underlying health condition. Often xerostomia is a side effect of certain medications including antihistamines, decongestants and some antidepressants. The risk often increases with age and affects 1 out of 5 people.

Symptoms of Xerostomia

Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, can make your mouth feel sticky and uncomfortable. This is because your body isn't producing enough saliva. You might even feel like your tongue sticks to the roof of your mouth when you try to talk. There are other signs of dry mouth too, like bad breath, a sore throat, and trouble eating, swallowing, or even talking. Your nose might feel dry, and your voice could get hoarse. You might feel thirstier than usual and get mouth sores or have trouble tasting things. If you wear dentures, they might feel uncomfortable. If your dry mouth case is much more severe it can lead to more serious problems like cavities, dry eyes and skin, rashes, and even joint pain.

Causes of Xerostomia

Saliva helps keep your mouth healthy, but without enough of it, your mouth can feel sticky and uncomfortable. There are many reasons why this might happen. Some medications, like those for anxiety, allergies, or high blood pressure, can cause dry mouth. Certain health conditions, like diabetes or Sjogren's syndrome, can also be a culprit. Even radiation therapy or dehydration can lead to dry mouth. Having a dry mouth for a long time can increase your chances of getting cavities, gum disease, or mouth sores. That's why it's important to talk to your doctor if you experience dry mouth often.

Tests and Treatments of Xerostomia

During a check-up, your dentist will look for clues that your mouth might be drier than usual. They'll check your tongue and inner cheeks. Normally, these should be smooth, shiny, and moist. If you have a dry mouth, they might look dry and rough instead. The dentist might also use a small piece of gauze to see how much saliva your mouth is producing. Dry mouth can make you more likely to get cavities and gum disease, which will also be checked by your dentist.
Treating dry mouth involves addressing its underlying causes. If medication is suspected, your dentist may adjust the dosage or switch prescriptions, but always consult your doctor before stopping any medication. If dry mouth is a symptom of a broader health issue, managing that condition can alleviate the dryness. Additionally, your dentist might recommend special lozenges to help maintain moisture in your mouth.

With appropriate treatment, dry mouth symptoms can be managed effectively, and sometimes the condition may resolve completely. However, finding the right solution may involve some trial and error. Your doctor might adjust medications or refer you to a specialist if needed. Keeping your healthcare providers informed about any new symptoms is crucial for developing an effective treatment plan.

For persistent dry mouth, it's important to seek professional help early. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications. Don’t hesitate to discuss your condition with your doctor, including its causes, potential underlying conditions, and the frequency of dental check-ups.

Prevention of Xerostomia

Although there are no proper prevention tactics for dry mouth, there are many ways you can keep them moist and healthy. Brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits are key. At home, you can try sugar-free gum, ice cubes, or special mouthwash to stimulate saliva and keep things moist. If you take medications that dry you out, talk to your doctor about adjustments or timing. Avoid decongestants, alcohol, sugary drinks, and irritating foods. Using a cool-mist humidifier and lip balm can also bring relief. Remember, if your dry mouth persists, see a doctor or dentist for diagnosis and treatment.