Acute Bronchitis

Overview

There are 2 types of Bronchitis, acute and chronic. Beginning with bronchitis is when the leading airway of your lungs, trachea and bronchi gets inflamed and filled with mucus. Your body starts getting persistent coughs as it is trying to get rid of the mucus. This can last for two or more weeks. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus and goes away on its own. And chronic bronchitis never really goes away but can be managed. Smoking, pollution and other irritants can cause and make your bronchitis worse.

What is Acute Bronchitis?

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways that lead to your lungs. When the trachea and bronchi become irritated, they swell and fill with mucus, leading to a persistent cough. Acute bronchitis symptoms typically last up to 2 weeks, though the cough may persist for up to 8 weeks in some cases. Chronic bronchitis, which is more common in smokers, persists for a longer duration.

Symptoms of Acute Bronchitis

A persistent cough lasting one to three weeks is the primary symptom of bronchitis. You may cough up mucus, though sometimes the cough can be dry. Wheezing, or a whistling sound when breathing, is also common. Symptoms of acute bronchitis vary by person but typically include:

• Back and muscle pain
• Dry cough initially, progressing to mucus production
• Chest soreness
• Chills
• Fatigue and body aches
• Headache
• Runny nose
• Mild fever
• Shortness of breath
• Sore throat
• Watery eyes
• Wheezing

Causes of Acute Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is most commonly caused by viral infections, typically the same viruses responsible for colds and the flu. It can also be triggered by bacterial infections, such as those caused by Bordetella pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Chlamydia pneumonia. Additionally, physical or chemical irritants, including dust, allergens, tobacco smoke, and strong fumes from cleaning compounds, can cause bronchitis.

Bronchitis often follows a common cold or other upper respiratory infections and can be more severe in individuals with chronic sinusitis, allergies, or those with lung or heart conditions. Pneumonia is a potential complication. While viruses are the most frequent cause, pollutants, smoking, and exposure to irritants can also lead to bronchitis. In 2020, while coronavirus was rampant, coughing fits were a huge sign of it.

Tests and Treatments of Acute Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is typically mild and resolves on its own without complications, with normal lung function returning afterward. Diagnosis is based on your health history and symptoms, with possible tests for viral infections like flu or COVID-19. Medications are usually unnecessary, but if you have the flu and symptoms began within the past two days, antivirals may be prescribed to expedite recovery.

Prevention of Acute Bronchitis

To lower your risk of bronchitis, focus on preventing illnesses caused by viruses and avoiding lung irritants. Consult your healthcare provider about receiving flu and pneumococcal vaccines. Annual flu shots can help prevent both the flu and pneumonia, while the pneumococcal vaccine protects against a common type of bacterial pneumonia. To reduce your risk of bronchitis:

• Avoid close contact with sick individuals, especially indoors during winter.
• Steer clear of smoke and irritants.
• Manage asthma and allergies by avoiding triggers.
• Use a humidifier to keep air moist.
• Get adequate rest and maintain a healthy diet.
• Wash hands frequently or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Stay current with flu and pneumonia vaccinations.