We all must have come across the phase: this is why women live longer than men. These are all over the social media, where men are performing more often than not, some experiments, without gears, just for fun, "in the name of science". The caption reads: this is why women live longer. However, is there really a science to it, other than the fact that women choose to do things more safely?

In the United States, women have a life expectancy of about 80, whereas men have 75. Women outlive men and this holds true regardless of the country women live, the money they make, and other factors. In fact, it is true for most other mammals too.

Dr Dena Dubal, a professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco told the New York Times, "It is a very robust phenomenon all over the world, totally conserved in sickness, during famines, during epidemics, even during the times of starvation."

But what are the reasons? These reasons are often more complicated and less established. It is important to note that only because women are outliving men does not mean they are living a better life. In fact, women tend to have shorter health spans, which means the number of healthy years in a person's life is less in women than men, confirmed Bérénice Benayoun, an associate professor at the U.S.C. Leonard Davis School of Gerontology.

As per a 2021 study titled, Sex differences in frailty: Comparisons between humans and preclinical models, found that women are more physically grail than men in old age. They are also more vulnerable, especially after menopause and are at more risk of developing cardiovascular issues and Alzheimer's disease because of age.

The key is in figuring out what makes one sex more resilient or vulnerable.

Genetics

For things which do not find easy explanations, scientists look for their answers in genes. Many research, including a 2020 study titled, The sex with the reduced sex chromosome dies earlier: a comparison across the tree of life, suggests that the XX set of female sex chromosomes may impact longevity. However, there has not been any clarity on how it affects longevity.

Another 2018 study titled, Female XX sex chromosomes increase survival and extend lifespan in aging mice, which was conducted by Dr Dubal's lab, looked at genetically manipulated mice with different combinations of sex chromosomes and reproductive organs. It was found that those with two X chromosomes and ovaries lived longest, followed by mice with two X chromosomes and testes. Mice with XY chromosomes had shorter life spans.

"There was something about the second X chromosome that was protecting the mice from dying earlier in life, even if they had testes. What if there was something on that second X chromosome that was in some ways a sprinkle of the fountain of youth," says Dr Dubal. While scientists have not yet looked at this factor in humans, Dr Dubal suggests that humans have the same hormones and sex chromosomes, and similar reproductive system that could corroborate the similar findings in people.

Hormones

Plenty research has shown that estrogen is responsible for longevity also effect on the immune system. The data also shows that before menopause, the female immune system tends to do better. In fact Dr Benayoun said that males tend to do much worse in response to infection.

Another 2017 study titled, Ages at Menarche and Menopause and Reproductive Lifespan As Predictors of Exceptional Longevity in Women: The Women's Health Initiative, found that women who experienced menopause later in life over the age 50 lived longer than those who experienced it earlier.

Lifestyle and Behavior

There are also disparity in behavioral patterns between men and women. This includes smoking, drinking heavily, which can contribute significantly to mortality. Women also have more "health promoting behavior", believe experts. Women are also more likely to socialize than men and thus it protects them from detrimental effects of social isolation and loneliness. In fact, a 2023 analysis published in Jama Network, titled, Widening Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in the US, 2010-2021, found that women are less likely to die by drug overdose or suicide.

The NHS has shared important guidance on its website for anyone prescribed lansoprazole, especially those taking it for three months or longer. The health service’s site provides trusted, evidence-based advice on many medications and health conditions, helping patients make informed decisions about their treatment.

What Is Lansoprazole And How Is It Used?

Lansoprazole is a commonly prescribed medicine in the UK, belonging to a group called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). PPIs make up a large portion of prescriptions dispensed in England. Lansoprazole works by reducing the amount of acid in the stomach and is used to treat and prevent various acid-related conditions, as per NHS.

There are four other PPIs similar to lansoprazole: omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole. These medicines lower stomach acid in the same way and generally have similar effects and side effects. Doctors may prescribe a different PPI if lansoprazole is not working as expected or if side effects occur.

People taking lansoprazole often notice improvements in two to three days, though it may take up to four weeks for full effect, so some symptoms can continue during this period.

How Long Should Lansoprazole Be Taken?

The duration of lansoprazole treatment depends on the condition being treated. It is usually advised to take the lowest effective dose for the shortest period to prevent long-term side effects. Some people take lansoprazole for extended periods, sometimes even years, but it should always be under regular supervision by a doctor because of potential risks.

Lansoprazole: What Is The NHS Warning About?

The NHS notes that taking lansoprazole for more than three months can reduce magnesium levels in the blood. Low magnesium may cause fatigue, confusion, dizziness, muscle twitches, shakiness, and irregular heartbeats. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should consult their doctor.

Magnesium is vital for over 300 functions in the body, including nerve and muscle activity (including the heart), bone health, energy production, blood sugar regulation, and blood pressure control. Low magnesium can lead to muscle cramps, tiredness, irregular heart rhythms, and long-term problems like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and weakened bones. It also affects cellular functions and the body’s electrolyte balance.

Using lansoprazole for more than a year may raise the risk of side effects such as bone fractures, gut infections, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms of B12 deficiency include extreme fatigue, a sore or red tongue, mouth ulcers, and pins-and-needles sensations. Anyone noticing these signs or taking lansoprazole for extended periods should schedule regular check-ups.

The NHS advises: “If you take lansoprazole for more than a year, your doctor will monitor your health to determine whether you should continue treatment. It is unclear if lansoprazole becomes less effective over time. If you feel it is no longer helping, speak to your doctor.”

Lansoprazole: Medication Interactions to Know

Patients should inform their doctor of all other medications, vitamins, or supplements they are taking. Lansoprazole can interact with drugs like warfarin, digoxin, and certain HIV medications. Antacids such as Gaviscon should not be taken within two hours of lansoprazole. Herbal remedies like St John’s wort should also be avoided while on this medication.

Seek urgent medical attention or call emergency services if you experience severe symptoms, including allergic reactions (swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing), worsening stomach pain, severe or persistent diarrhoea, or signs of low magnesium, such as muscle spasms, irregular heartbeat, or confusion.

Does Long-Term Lansoprazole Use Increase Stomach Cancer Risk?

The NHS notes that there is some evidence suggesting a very small increased risk of stomach cancer for people taking acid-reducing medicines, including PPIs like lansoprazole and H2 blockers, especially for more than three years. However, larger studies are needed to confirm a direct link.

PPIs, like any medicine, can have side effects, so it is recommended to use them for the shortest effective period. Anyone noticing potential signs of stomach cancer—difficulty swallowing, vomiting, feeling full quickly, or unexplained weight loss—should speak to their doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor, pharmacist, or other qualified healthcare provider regarding any questions about medications, side effects, or health conditions. Do not stop or adjust your prescribed treatment without medical guidance.

This year, Nick Jonas has completed 20 years with type 1 diabetes. This is also the same year when his band, the Jonas Brothers have also hit the mark of 20th anniversary. Speaking to Healthline, Jonas said, "It is crazy hpw it lined up. It has been a wild journey in both... in the Brothers sense, it's been the ride of a lifetime, and we have been so fortunate to be able to do this for 20 years now and to have the support of the world's greatest fans."

He also revealed that he had great and some tough times too living with diabetes. There had been struggles of managing his low, however, he revealed that being the spokesperson of Dexcom, a healthcare company known for its glucose monitoring system, and through his own non-profit initiative Beyond Type 1, he has been joyful. “Overall, I’m really grateful to have been able to be transparent about [type 1] and to connect with all these wonderful people from all regions of the world who are experiencing their own diabetes journey, and it’s a really big thing to feel like you’re a little less alone in it,” said Jonas.

On World Diabetes Day, which was on November 14, Jonas took to the stage during a Jonas Brothers concert and shared the audience his A1C. This is a test that measures one's average blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. This number shows how well diabetes has been managed. He shared an inspiring message of hope, while giving a shoutout to his A1C. The concert was attended by Dexcom Warrior community, which makes more than 30,000 people who have been diagnosed with diabetes and may share the same experiences. “It was really special for me to get to use the Jonas Brothers’ platform as a place to speak about something that’s obviously very personal to me and on World Diabetes Day, I think it’s natural to get reflective and to tap into kind of what life looks like for me as a now 33-year-old person living with this disease,” he said.

He also dedicated the song 'A Little Bit Longer', that he had written very early on in his career during his diabetes journey. “It’s a really important time for me to get to speak on stage like that and play a song that I wrote about these experiences when I was 14 and to see the impact it still has to this day with the fan base,” he said.

Living With Type 1 Diabetes

Here are some strategies Jonas uses that helped him manage his diabetes. First off the list is to take the pressure off. “You’re never going to have the perfect day living with this disease and even if you’re super on top of your diabetes management, there are just things that are a little out of your control and being able to take a deep breath, reset, and know that it’s going to be OK on the other side is really important,” he said.

It may seem hard, but he said learning it in the beginning of his diagnosis helped him manage his diabetes. Then comes the care. He has focused on taking vitamins, caring for his skin, and most importantly, staying hydrated. “It’s a simple thing, but the more water I drink, my glucose levels are better. I don’t know exactly why, but I just find that hydrating has a lot of health benefits,” said Jonas. “I didn’t put as much focus on it earlier in my life as I do now, and it’s been really beneficial.”

Physical activity is a must. He walks for 30 minutes daily, or sometimes longer for his physical, mental, and emotional health. “It really centers me and even when it’s cold out, getting out in the fresh air is really important when a lot of my day too, is spent indoors for hours at venue or on a film set or something,” he said.

His focus on self, he says is the most important as he says he relies on his therapist from time to time. "I think it is really important to do that self-work". Lastly, he says everyone who has been diagnosed with diabetes, must take part in the community. “There will be good days, there will be tough days, but you can climb this mountain, and there’s some incredible people out there whose stories will really inspire anybody that’s going through tough moments,” said Jonas.

People prescribed venlafaxine are being urged to stay alert to certain symptoms and side effects that may require medical advice from NHS 111 or their GP. Venlafaxine is a widely used SNRI antidepressant. It is mainly prescribed for depression, but doctors may also recommend it for anxiety disorders and panic attacks.

What Is Venlafaxine?

Venlafaxine, sold under brand names such as Effexor and Effexor XR, is a prescription antidepressant classified as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It helps regulate mood by raising levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, chemicals that play a key role in emotional balance and mental stability.

Doctors Warn People Taking Venlafaxine

The medicine is usually taken as a tablet or capsule. It works by increasing levels of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain, chemicals that help regulate mood. According to NHS guidance, venlafaxine tends to cause fewer side effects than older antidepressants. That said, it is not completely free of risks.

Most people begin to notice some improvement within one to two weeks, although it can take four to six weeks for the drug to have its full effect.

Venlafaxine Side Effects

Common side effects listed by the NHS include sweating, nausea, a dry mouth, and headaches. These are generally mild and often ease as the body adjusts to the medication.

However, there are other, more serious side effects that may need prompt medical advice. While these reactions are uncommon and affect fewer than one in 100 people, the NHS advises contacting 111 or a GP if they occur.

Venlafaxine Serious Side Effects

NHS advice says you should speak to your GP if you notice unexpected weight gain or weight loss, or sudden changes to your menstrual cycle. This may include spotting, bleeding between periods, or unusually heavy periods.

Patients are also advised to contact their doctor or NHS 111 without delay if they experience any of the following symptoms while taking venlafaxine:

• Yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes
• Bleeding gums
• Bruising that appears without explanation or continues to spread
• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
• Muscle pain or weakness with no clear cause
• Breathlessness, or a heartbeat that feels fast, uneven, or irregular
• Intense feelings of elation, extreme excitement, or restlessness that makes it hard to stay still
• Changes in vision, including blurred eyesight or enlarged pupils
• Coughing up blood
• Blood in urine
• Persistent headaches along with confusion, weakness, or repeated muscle cramps
• Black or red stools, or blood in vomit, which may point to internal bleeding