Mosquitoes are a big part of the ecosystem, but often are a nuisance as they bite and feed off of us. Their bites cause itchy red bumps and spread infections and allergies in our bodies. But have you ever wondered why they bite certain people more than others? While some people are plagued by mosquito bites, others barely notice them. Here are some interesting facts about mosquitoes that you must know about!

1. Carbon Dioxide:

Mosquitoes are attracted to a certain smell that emits from the human body that is present in the human skin and sweat, mosquitoes can sense the carbon dioxide or CO2 we breathe out. The more active you are, the more CO2 you emit and the more mosquitoes will be attracted to you. Researchers are still investigating the cause of the variation of body odour that brings them to you, possibly genetics or certain bacteria. The unique combination of sweat and skin bacteria creates a scent that mosquitoes find irresistible. Some chemicals in sweat, like lactic acid and ammonia, are especially attractive to them.

2. Colours

While the reason isn't fully understood, mosquitoes seem to be drawn to dark colours like black more than lighter ones. So, ditch the dark outfit next time you're in mosquito territory. It has been noted that mosquitoes are more likely to leave lighter colours alone.

3. Heat and Vapour

Mosquitoes can detect your body's heat and water vapour, acting like a beacon guiding them right to you. So next time you're feeling sweaty, be aware you might be attracting a lot of mosquitoes. If you are working out or doing something that is making you sweat and your body heat rise, the mosquitoes nearby will be instantly attracted to you. Even mosquitoes are careful about who they pick as a host, some studies even suggest that they like a certain body temperature to feed off of.

An interesting fact about mosquitoes is that they can learn to like a host. They have their own preferences and if they meet a certain person who fits their criteria they might be the next host they move onto. In an older study, it showed that 20 per cent of people with mosquito-borne diseases accounted for 80 per cent of diseases transmitted in the population. They suggest that they only bite a certain set of people within the population.

4. Other factors:

Studies suggest mosquitoes might learn to prefer certain people based on things like what you've been drinking. In a 2002 study, there could be many reasons they like alcohol to making your body temperature high etc. Even pregnant women seem to be extra attractive to them due to higher body temperature and CO2 output.

As wildfire smoke continues to affect communities across North America and Europe, fertility experts are recommending people undergoing vitro fertilization (IVF) to pay attention to an overlooked factor before embryo implant: air quality.

A new study suggests that exposure to unhealthy levels of air pollution, particularly from wildfire smoke, could significantly reduce the chances of a successful pregnancy after IVF.

Researchers, therefore, recommend discussing the timing of embryo transfer with a fertility specialist when air quality deteriorates.

Wildfire Smoke May Interfere With Embryo Implantation

The study, published in the journal Human Fertility, indicates that air pollution may affect reproductive health.

Between June and July 2023, researchers from Northwell Fertility in New York examined 190 fresh and frozen embryo transfers, when smoke from massive Canadian wildfires caused hazardous air quality across the northeastern United States.

They then compared the rate of successful pregnancies based on the Air Quality Index (AQI) on the day of embryo transfer.

Clinical pregnancy rates were approximately 62% on days with good air quality and 65% on days with moderate air quality.

But when the AQI rose above 100, a level considered unhealthy for sensitive groups; the pregnancy rate dropped to just 27%.

Although only 11 embryo transfers took place on days with unhealthy air quality, the researchers say the findings raise concerns about whether temporary exposure to wildfire smoke could affect one of the most critical stages of IVF.

Also read: Miles Apart, But Planning A Family Together: The Fertility Reality Of Long-Distance Marriages In India

How Can Air Pollution Affect Fertility And IVF Success Chances?

IVF embryos are created and stored in strictly controlled laboratories, meaning they are protected from polluted air and other contaminants in the environment.

Instead of damaging the embryo, researchers believe that wildfire smoke can affect the woman's body by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress. This could create a less favourable environment for the embryo to implant in the uterus.

Air pollution contaminant, PM2.5, a fine particulate matter, is one of the main pollutants in wildfire smoke. It is minute enough to enter the lungs, bloodstream, and trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body.

Previous studies have already indicated that PM2.5 exposure could cause pregnancy complications and harm fertility.

Dr. Randi Goldman, Program Director at Northwell Fertility and co-author of the study, said the research suggests patients and physicians should consider environmental conditions when planning embryo transfer.

Also read: Global Female Infertility Could Affect 80 Million Women Aged 35+ by 2036: Lancet Study

"The embryo is safely protected inside the laboratory. The effect we're seeing is more likely related to how air pollution influences the body before and after embryo transfer rather than the embryo itself," Goldman said.

She opines that patients experiencing severe wildfire smoke or hazardous air quality should discuss whether delaying embryo transfer by a few days could improve the chances of success.

"Patients invest enormous emotional, physical and financial resources into IVF. Delaying treatment is difficult, but when air quality reaches unhealthy levels, it may be worth discussing timing with your fertility specialist," Goldman said.

Expert-Recommended Tips To Improve IVF Success

Adopt a Fertility-Boosting Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise daily, and enjoy a healthy BMI. Reduce alcohol intake, do not smoke, and avoid recreational drugs.

Take Key Supplements: Folic acid, CoQ10, and vitamin D can improve egg quality and overall fertility.

Stress Management Is Key: Elevated cortisol levels can affect reproductive hormones. Practice mindfulness, yoga, or acupuncture.

Sleep Well: Aim for at least 7–8 hours of restful sleep to support hormonal balance.

Address Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions such as PCOS, thyroid issues, and endometriosis can interfere with fertility outcomes if left unmanaged.

Start Early, If Possible: The earlier IVF is initiated—especially for women over 35—the better the chances.

The detection of the Omicron RF.5 subvariant in Andhra Pradesh has raised concerns about a possible resurgence of COVID-19 in India. However, health experts say there is no evidence so far that the new sub-lineage causes more severe illness than other recently circulating Omicron variants.

While RF.5 may spread more efficiently, experts stress that the focus should remain on protecting vulnerable groups rather than panicking.

RF.5 Transmissible, Not More Deadly

Speaking to HealthandMe, Dr. Aijaz Ilmi, Senior Consultant – Preventive Wellness & Metabolic Diseases, Pacific OneHealth Hospital, said the detection of RF.5 should prompt vigilance, not fear.

"At present, there is no convincing evidence that RF.5 causes more severe disease than other recently circulating Omicron variants, although it may spread efficiently. Ongoing surveillance remains essential, as seen in Telangana."

Dr. Tushar Tayal, Associate Director, Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, added that countries including Singapore have already detected RF.5 without reporting a corresponding rise in hospitalizations, suggesting the variant may be more transmissible but not more severe.

Also read: India Logs 339 COVID-19 Cases In First Half Of July: What To Know About The RF.5 Omicron Subvariant

Mild Illness For Most Healthy People

Dr. G.C. Khilnani, Chairman, PSRI Institute of Pulmonary, Critical Care, told HealthandMe that the current outbreak is being driven by the Omicron variant, which generally causes a milder upper respiratory illness than earlier COVID-19 strains.

He said healthy individuals typically experience fever, cough, runny nose and body aches, while the risk of severe disease remains much lower than during previous waves.

"This virus remains confined to the throat, or what we call the oral cavity, and does not traverse to the lungs. Therefore, in a normal healthy individual, it does not cause pneumonia. So, it is not life-threatening in immunocompetent or healthy individuals."

Who Is at Risk?

Following four COVID-19-related deaths reported in Andhra Pradesh over the past two weeks, experts said people with weakened immunity continue to face the highest risk of severe illness. This includes cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, people with uncontrolled diabetes, older adults, those on long-term steroid therapy and people living with HIV/AIDS.

"Most infections are expected to present with mild upper respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, fever, cough, runny or blocked nose, fatigue, headache and body aches," Dr. Ilmi said.

He added that older adults, pregnant women, people with heart, lung or kidney disease, obesity, cancer, diabetes, weakened immunity and those who are inadequately vaccinated remain the most vulnerable to severe COVID-19.

Symptoms Remain Similar

Read More: India’s First Approved Dengue Vaccine: Takeda’s QDENGA Protects Against All Four Virus Serotypes

Experts said RF.5 does not appear to cause unusual symptoms. Common signs include:

• Sore throat
• Fever
• Cough
• Runny or blocked nose
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Body aches

They advised seeking immediate medical attention if symptoms such as breathlessness, persistent chest pain, confusion or low oxygen levels develop.

COVID-19 in India: Vigilance, Not Panic

India has reported a renewed uptick in COVID-19 cases, with 339 infections recorded between July 1 and July 16, according to the Andhra Pradesh Health Department.

Reported cases during this period include:

• Kerala: 115
• Karnataka: 64
• Maharashtra: 43
• Tamil Nadu: 39
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 18
• Delhi: 18
• Rajasthan: 12
• Other states: Remaining cases

How To Prevent

Experts said public health guidance has not changed despite the emergence of RF.5. They recommend wearing masks in crowded places, getting tested if symptoms develop, and isolating after a positive test to reduce transmission.

Dr. Khilnani also stressed the importance of early diagnosis, avoiding crowded places while infected, wearing a mask and following proper cough etiquette. He added that people with weakened immunity should be especially cautious, avoid crowded settings and maintain good hand hygiene.

Early testing, adequate hydration, rest and symptomatic treatment remain the cornerstone of management, particularly for high-risk individuals.

Skin breakouts are often common occurrences during the monsoon season, but not all outbreaks of bumps that occur during this period are traditional cases of acne.

The combination of humidity along with sweat and sebum production makes the skin susceptible to different skin conditions, making it easy to mistake fungal acne for a regular one.

While acne and fungal acne may appear almost identical, the factors that trigger them are not the same. Identifying the right condition early makes it easier to choose the most appropriate treatment and maintain healthier skin in the long run.

How Monsoon Weather Triggers Different Breakouts?

It is quite common to experience frequent breakouts during monsoon season. This usually happens due to the accumulation of humid conditions, sweat, and increased oil production.

When sweat mixes with sebum, dead skin cells and skincare products, pores may become clogged, which eventually results in acne. At the same time, the environment also supports the growth of Malassezia, a yeast that naturally lives on the skin.

When it grows excessively, it can trigger fungal acne, medically known as Malassezia folliculitis. Since both conditions tend to flare up during the rainy season, they are frequently confused with one another.

Also read: Besides Sunscreen, What Everyday Habits Can Help Reduce Sun Exposure And Skin Damage?

Acne vs. Fungal Acne: A Closer Look at the Differences

There are several indications which one may use to differentiate between normal acne and fungal acne. Regular acne mostly develops as a combination of blackheads, whiteheads, inflamed pimples, and sometimes painful cysts.

On the other hand, fungal acne presents itself in the form of tiny bumps that usually appear itchy and develop in clusters. These bumps commonly occur on the forehead, chest, shoulders and upper back, especially in areas where sweat tends to collect.

Also read: World Plastic Surgery Day: Hidden Risks To Know If You’re Travelling Abroad For Affordable Cosmetic Procedures

Choosing the Right Treatment Path

Since regular acne and fungal acne occur due to different reasons, they also require different treatment approaches. Although proper skin care can help in reducing the possibilities of outbreaks, it does not entirely prevent breakouts.

Over-the-counter acne products are usually intended to unclog the pores and control the growth of bacteria causing acne; however, they do not work on fungal infections. In fact, in some cases, using the wrong products can even worsen irritation or allow the breakouts to persist.

Therefore, always consult a dermatologist for targeted skin issues, particularly when acne scars are also a concern. In such situations, many experts may suggest modern treatments such as Harmony XL Pro for personalised results.

This multi-application platform combines numerous energy-based technologies to address specific acne-related concerns and is also used in a variety of aesthetic procedures such as acne-scar removal and overall skin rejuvenation.

Small Changes That Support Healthier Skin

A minimal skincare routine can go a long way during the monsoon. Always start with a gentle cleansing after excessive sweating. Choose non-comedogenic moisturisers and make sure not to apply multiple oily or occlusive products that could result in clogged pores.

If you develop a breakout, do not pick or squeeze the acne, as doing so can increase inflammation and the risk of scarring.

In the end, recognising whether a breakout is regular acne or a fungal one is the first step towards appropriate treatment. Although both conditions become more common during humid weather, they are not managed in the same way.

Paying attention to symptoms such as itching, the pattern of the bumps and how the skin responds to treatment can make a meaningful difference.

By Dr. Anwesha Poddar, Dermatologist, Dr. Anwesha Poddar Skin, Laser & Hair Clinic