Most people are aware of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but did you know there is a type 3 diabetes as well! It is a more obscure term. Although it is not an accepted medical diagnosis, type 3 diabetes has been discussed in the literature as a possible relationship between insulin resistance in the brain and Alzheimer's disease. This link has been described to help explain how metabolic disorders impact brain health, causing cognitive decline and dementia.

What is Type 3 Diabetes?

Type 3 diabetes is more of a misnomer because it should not be confused with type 3c diabetes, which relates to pancreatic dysfunction. The term "type 3 diabetes," on the other hand, has been loosely used by some scientists to analogously propose that Alzheimer's disease is strongly implicated with insulin resistance in the brain.

This concept was conceptualized by Dr. Suzanne de la Monte and Dr. Jack Wands of Brown University in the year 2008. This hypothesis postulated that Alzheimer's disease may be called type 3 diabetes for it bears many similarities with glucose metabolism disorder type 2 diabetes. Their concept arises from the basic principle that insulin is fundamental to blood sugar regulation, but it is also the case with the brain. When brain cells become insulin-resistant, they lose access to glucose, impairing their function.

Research published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology supports this hypothesis by indicating that insulin resistance can be a significant contributor to the occurrence of dementia, also referred to as Alzheimer's. The symptoms of memory loss and diminished reasoning are associated with impaired glucose metabolism in the body, especially in the cerebral tissue.

Symptoms of Type 3 Diabetes

Although type 3 diabetes is not a "medical term," its symptoms correlate well with Alzheimer's diseases that are known to reduce the ability to think in an efficient manner and bring down brain health. These signs are:

- Loss of memory, especially short-term.

- Poor judgment and judgment ability

- Failure in recognizing people or places familiar once.

- Failure in the process of reading, writing or processing numbers

- Anxiety, agitation, or mood changes.

- Disorganized thoughts or confusion

- Lack of impulse control

As the disease advances, patients may be afflicted with severe complications including an inability to swallow or control their bodily functions. In the final stages, most patients die from fatal complications such as aspiration pneumonia.

Causes of Type 3 Diabetes

This may not be well understood with regards to type 3 diabetes, or the exact link between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease. Some identified contributing factors include the following:

1. Insulin Resistance

Insulin acts as an important regulatory mechanism of brain functions such as memory and cognition. The reduction in insulin signaling may impair metabolism of brain cells, thus bringing about neurodegeneration.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

These diseases show a strong relationship and those individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have double chances of getting Alzheimer's. In the two, the main causes can be chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and a defect in glucose metabolism.

3. Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

Insulin resistance associated with obesity, stress, and an unhealthy diet is considered a cause that may increase the chances of Alzheimer's disease.

Researches in Frontiers in Neuroscience and The Lancet Neurology have also highlighted that drugs used for antidiabetic medication may be crucial for the prevention or at least slowing down the course of Alzheimer's.

Treatments for Type 3 Diabetes

In 2022, in a study in Pharmaceuticals, researchers studied biomarker uptake in brain regions implicated in the faulty uptake and metabolism of blood sugar in Alzheimer’s patients.

Emerging Therapies

Research into such treatments as intranasal insulin has also been promising. Intranasal delivery of insulin directly to the brain has been reported to enhance glucose uptake by brain cells, improve memory, and boost cognitive performance. While such clinical trials have been shown to be successful, additional research is needed for safety and efficacy.

Medications

For patients being aggressive or agitated, antipsychotic drugs may be prescribed; however, therapies such as cognitive rehabilitation as well as cognitive stimulation therapy serve to preserve memory and executive function.

Lifestyle Interventions

Diet, exercise, and stress management are critical in preventing and managing insulin resistance. A review in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease also highlighted the benefits of Kirtan Kriya meditation, which can regulate genes involved in insulin and glucose metabolism, improve sleep, and reduce inflammation.

Can Type 3 Diabetes Be Prevented?

Although type 3 diabetes is not officially recognized, its connection to Alzheimer’s disease underscores the importance of proactive measures for brain health. Some prevention strategies include:

1. Healthy Diet

Consuming a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, whole grains, and healthy fats may support brain health.

2. Regular Exercise

Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity, reduces inflammation, and enhances overall metabolic health.

3. Stress Reduction

Mindfulness practices, including meditation, have been shown to lower stress levels, which can reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

The term type 3 diabetes brings out the complex relationship between metabolic disorders and brain health. Even though it is not a recognized medical condition, the concept emphasizes the crucial role of insulin in brain function and its possible contribution to Alzheimer's disease. Continued research will hopefully provide hope for therapies such as intranasal insulin and lifestyle modifications.

American stand-up comedian and actress Amy Schumer has opened up on her colonoscopy procedure didn’t go quite as planned.

Speaking at the Not Skinny But Not Fat podcast, the 44-year-old Amy Schumer stated that she’s feeling "happier than I've ever been before," but admitted that she's also been experiencing some struggles.

“I actually had kind of a botched colonoscopy, so I’m not feeling very sexual,” she noted.

Schumer, who filed for an uncontested divorce with her husband of seven years, Chris Fischer, in January, reportedly didn't share any further details.

Previously, the Trainwreck star shared major insight into her health journey over the years—including how her diagnosis with Cushing Syndrome influenced her weight loss journey.

“I didn’t lose 30lbs, I lost 50,” Amy wrote in a post on social media platform Instagram. “Not to look hot which does feel fun and temporary. I did it to survive. I had a disease that makes your face extremely puffy and can kill you but the internet caught it and that disease has cleared.”

Cushing Syndrome is a hormonal condition that causes elevated levels of cortisol, and can cause death if left untreated, as per the National Library of Medicine.

Amy has also spoken of losing weight by using Mounjaro and her physical transformation via plastic surgery.

"I have been working to be pain free and I finally am," she wrote in a November Instagram post. “My endometriosis is better. My back is healing. I no longer have Cushing syndrome so my face went back to normal. I am grateful to be strong and healthy, especially for my son.”

Also read: ‘I Was Vocal About Cancer But Silent About Menopause Out Of Shame’, Says Actress Lisa Ray

What Is A Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a 15 to 60 minute medical procedure that is used to examine the entire inner lining of the large intestine, which includes rectum and colon for abnormalities, such as polyps, inflammation, or cancer.

A doctor uses a colonoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera to take images, remove polyps, or take issue samples.

Most health experts, including federal guidelines and the American Cancer Society, recommend that people at average risk for colorectal cancer start screening at age 45. This usually means getting a colonoscopy once every 10 years, or opting for stool-based tests every one to three years. These guidelines also play a role in whether insurance companies cover the tests.

Also read: Grey’s Anatomy Star Russell Andrews Opens Up About ALS Diagnosis

Even so, most cases of colon cancer are still diagnosed in people over 50. What’s worrying, though, is the steady rise in cases among younger adults in their 20s, 30s and 40s over the past few decades.

Access to colonoscopies remains a concern, especially in low and middle income countries. Further, screening rates among younger eligible adults remain low. Only about one in five people aged 44 to 49 are up to date with recommended screenings.

Experts say that if the screening age were lowered further, participation might drop even more. For now, the focus remains on improving awareness and encouraging those already eligible to get screened on time.

Feeling anxious, unable to perform well, and feeling burnt out at the workplace is a common problem facing employees slogging for over nine hours every day. But now, a study suggests that taking short vacations every two months can help reduce stress accumulation.

In a 2025 research paper titled “Maximizing Recovery: The Superiority of Frequent Vacations”, Selvaraj Giridharan from the Oncology Department at Tawam Hospital in Abu Dhabi suggests that taking short breaks can help improve mental well-being and boost work performance.

Also Read: Ebola Outbreak: University of Glasgow Researcher Explains Why Bundibugyo Virus Is Concerning

The study argued that instead of a long annual vacation, frequent short breaks are often more effective and help people mentally detach from work. This also helps them recover from burnout faster.

Researchers also found that the positive effects of vacations usually fade within a few weeks after returning to work, making regular breaks important for maintaining emotional balance and productivity.

"We emphasize how regular vacations facilitate recovery and enhance well-being, thereby reducing stress and improving performance. We advocate the integration of frequent breaks into workplace culture through practical strategies for both individuals and organizations," wrote study author Selvaraj Giridharan.

Long Working Hours Can Take A Toll On Mental Health

Also read: Ebola Outbreak: University of Glasgow Researcher Explains Why Bundibugyo Virus Is Concerning

Amid discussions around 70-hour work weeks advocated by industrialists like Narayana Murthy, the study comes as a breather.

The researchers, including experts from the National Health Service, stressed that sustained work-related stress causes significant psychobiological strain. This depletes physiological and psychological resources, manifesting as elevated cortisol levels, cognitive fatigue, and emotional exhaustion.

Without periodic recovery, this strain accumulates, increasing the risk of burnout, reduced productivity, and adverse health outcomes. India has seen several recent cases where workplace stress has affected people’s mental health, with some collapsing at work while others resorted to suicide.

Vacations Linked To Better Mood, Sleep, And Heart Health

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The paper cited a meta-analysis of 22 studies that showed that vacations provide substantial psychological, physiological, and cognitive benefits.

It noted post-vacation reductions in exhaustion, improvements in mood, and increases in life satisfaction among employees.

The findings were found consistent with several studies which identified physiological improvements, including reduced cortisol levels, enhanced heart rate variability, and better sleep quality. These outcomes reflect mitigation of the physiological burden of chronic stress and position vacations as vital health interventions.

The researcher stated that vacations are essential for mitigating the psychobiological impacts of contemporary work and providing psychological, physiological, and cognitive advantages.

Although the duration of vacations is significant, frequent and shorter vacations are more effective in maintaining well-being through regular recovery, they said.

"This evidence-based perspective, rooted in effort-recovery theory, advocates strategic vacation planning by organisations and policymakers to prioritise workforce health. Societies should promote vacation policies that emphasise frequency in order to enhance employee well-being and performance,” the paper said.

In India, poor reproductive health awareness remains one of the most overlooked gaps in women’s healthcare. Many women continue to ignore gynecological symptoms, assuming them to be routine, temporary, or too embarrassing to discuss.

Persistent vaginal infections, irregular bleeding, untreated hormonal disorders, chronic pelvic pain, or recurring inflammation are often dismissed until they become severe. In some cases, these untreated or undiagnosed conditions can silently contribute to long-term health risks, including certain cancers.

The Problem With Partial Awareness

Today, many women have heard of conditions like PCOS, endometriosis, or fibroids. But awareness is often incomplete. Women may know the name of a condition, yet not know its warning signs, complications, or when medical attention is necessary.

For example, prolonged hormonal imbalance, obesity, irregular periods, and chronic inflammation may increase the risk of certain gynecological cancers over time. Similarly, lack of awareness about HPV, cervical screening, and vaccination continues to delay prevention and early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Fertility awareness is another important gap. Many women are not familiar with their menstrual cycle, ovulation pattern, or normal reproductive changes. When women do not know what is normal for their own body, it becomes harder to recognize when something is wrong.

Social media has added another layer to this problem. While it has improved access to health information, it has also created confusion. Quick tips, unverified remedies, and incomplete advice can delay proper diagnosis and treatment.

The Knowledge Gap That Matters

Reproductive literacy is not just about knowing symptoms. It means understanding one’s body, menstrual cycle, sexual health, fertility, contraception, screening options, vaccination, and access to safe healthcare.

Unfortunately, stigma around sexual and reproductive health still prevents many women from seeking timely care. Symptoms such as abnormal discharge, bleeding after intercourse, pelvic pain, or irregular bleeding are often hidden out of fear, shame, or hesitation.

This delay is especially dangerous in cancers such as cervical, uterine, ovarian, and vaginal cancers, where early evaluation can make a major difference.