Have you ever been in a situation where you felt like you needed to pee but could not use a restroom? A lot of times, especially in public, during an office meeting or an interview, we come across such circumstances, while sometimes we hold pee to not embarrass ourselves socially, or just because of the lack of facilities. Doing that often may not be good for our health.

How much pee can a person hold?

The urinary bladder is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that forms part of the urinary system. The bladder's role while is to store urine, it also releases once the limit is crossed, which is around one pint or two cups of liquid. However, under certain circumstances, it can stretch to hold more than this.

We start to fee the urge to urinate when it is filled halfway.

What can happen if you hold your pee long too often?

When you hold your pee too often, your bladder stretches and the muscle weakens. As time pass by, it can become difficult for your bladder to empty it completely. This can lead to urinary retention, and being unable to fully emptying your bladder.

Discomfort Due To Holding Pee

Pain

Ignoring the urge to pee regularly can lead to pain or discomfort in the bladder or kidneys. When you eventually make it to the bathroom, urinating might feel painful.

Additionally, the muscles involved in holding urine may remain partially tense even after you’ve emptied your bladder, potentially causing pelvic cramps.

Urinary Tract Infection

One of the most common discomforts caused by holding in pee for too long is Urinary tract infection. It can cause bacteria to multiply.

As per the Urology Care Foundation, people should avoid holding in pee for extended periods, as it increases the risk of UTIs. Dehydration, poor personal hygiene, and certain medications can also increase the risk of developing a UTI.

Common symptoms of a UTI include:

• A burning or stinging sensation during urination
• Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen
• A persistent urge to urinate
• Strong or foul-smelling urine
• Cloudy or discolored urine
• Consistently dark urine
• Blood in the urine

Bladder Stretching

As mentioned before, in long run, regularly holding in pee could cause the bladder to stretch and make it difficult or sometimes, impossible for the bladder to contract and release pee.

If someone has a stretched bladder, sometimes, extra measures like a catheter could also be necessary.

Damage to Pelvic Floor Muscles

Regularly holding in urine can strain and potentially damage the pelvic floor muscles.

One key muscle, the urethral sphincter, helps keep the urethra closed to prevent leaks. Damage to this muscle may lead to urinary incontinence. Performing pelvic floor exercises, like Kegels, can help strengthen these muscles, repair damage, and reduce the risk of leakage.

Kidney Stones

For individuals prone to kidney stones or those with high mineral levels in their urine, holding in pee may contribute to stone formation. Urine naturally contains minerals like uric acid and calcium oxalate, which can crystallize and form stones over time.

Lots of new developments around weight-loss drugs, with the World Health Organization now stepping in to lower the dosage, and many companies like Eli Lilly actually slashing down the price for better access. Amid this what people may be forgetting are the unusual side effects of being on popular weight loss drugs.

The internet has made room for a lot of unusual confessions, but few are as chaotic, or as oddly supportive, as the Reddit threads where people taking weight-loss jabs like Ozempic and Wegovy openly discuss their most embarrassing side effects. And one theme keeps popping up: unpredictable bowel movements, including the dreaded “sleep sh*ts.”

One Reddit user started a viral thread with a painfully honest plea: “Any advice for not sh*tt*ng in the bed while sleep?” The user said they’d been dealing with this for months and called it “the most annoying side effect.” Another person, already three shots in, nervously listed “sh*tt*ng the bed” as something they were “not looking forward to.”

This mix of diarrhea, constipation, and everything in between has sparked concern, and, for many, shame. But as more people turn to GLP-1 medications for weight loss, understanding why this happens has never been more important.

Also Read: Ozempic Stomach: Why Ozempic Consumers Are Suing This Popular Weigh-loss Drug For 2 Billion Over Stomach Paralysis

Pooping Uncontrollably: It Happens More Often Than You Think

The phenomenon isn’t limited to anonymous Reddit users. A Florida nurse, interviewed by Business Insider, described weeks of constipation so bad she tried “everything from stool softeners to a megadose of Milk of Magnesia.” But by attempting to “hit it from the top and bottom,” she ended up losing control altogether, hence her reluctant membership in the self-appointed “sh*t the bed club.”

Another semaglutide user confessed online: “I quite literally sh*t myself while sleeping… tough few days of diarrhea after my first injection.” And yet, others reported the opposite: stubborn constipation, going days without relief, or passing what one Redditor bluntly called “rocks.”

These extremes highlight one thing clearly, digestive unpredictability is surprisingly common.

Why Do GLP-1 Drugs Mess With Your Gut?

Semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) is part of a class of medications called GLP-1 receptor agonists. These drugs work by slowing gastric emptying and nutrient absorption so users feel full for longer. But the same mechanism that makes the drugs effective can also confuse the digestive system.

Medical News Today notes that Ozempic often triggers a “stool reflex”, when food entering the gut prompts the colon to clear space. For some people, this reflex becomes unusually strong or overactive, leading to diarrhea.

On the flip side, slowing the gut too much can cause constipation. That’s why Wegovy’s own prescription info reports both diarrhea (30% of users) and constipation (24% of users) during clinical trials.

New York gastroenterologist Dr. Eric Goldstein told Insider that while digestive issues are a known side effect of GLP-1 drugs, the severity seen in social media posts is likely exaggerated because people tend to share the worst-case scenarios. Still, he emphasised that “any medication… may have changes or side effects that need to be monitored.”

How Long Does It Last — And Should You Be Worried?

Fortunately, most people don’t deal with weeks of chaos. According to 2022 research, Ozempic-related diarrhea typically lasts around three days after starting treatment. For the majority, symptoms settle within the first four weeks as the body adjusts. Only 4.3% of people stopped treatment because of GI side effects.

However, flare-ups are common after dose increases, and doctors may recommend slowing dose escalation or adjusting timing if symptoms become disruptive.

Still, experts consistently advise the same thing Reddit does, though with less sarcasm: monitor your symptoms, stay hydrated, avoid greasy or heavy foods, and reach out to your doctor if things become severe or last longer than a few weeks.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that not enough weight loss jabs will be left for those who need it. While weight loss drugs offer a great potential to tackle the obesity issue that is on the rise, globally. However, the accessibility to those who actually need it is fewer than 1 in 10 people.

Worldwide, there are one billion obese people, and are the ones calling for widespread and fairer access to these GLP-1 medication. Health prediction says that by 2030, more than two billion people will be obese unless action is taken seriously.

However, the limited production of the GLP-1 medication, high costs, and supply chain constraints have become a barrier to its universal access. WHO has already added the GLP-1 medication to its 'essential' medicines list for overweight patients with diabetes that countries are advised to provide.

"Our new guidance recognises that obesity is a chronic disease that can be treated with comprehensive and lifelong care. While medication alone won't solve this global health crisis, GLP-1 therapies can help millions overcome obesity and reduce its associated harms," says WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

As per WHO, these drugs represent a new chapter in how society approaches obesity from a lifestyle condition to a complex, preventable, and treatable chronic disease. It says these drugs can be used long-term, for six months or more, but they should be prescribed together with guidance on diet and exercise to help people maintain their weight loss. The problem is only few people can actually access them. "Our greatest concern is equitable access," says Tedros.

Also Read: Eli Lilly's Popular Weight Loss Zepbound Price Goes Down, Now More Accessible

How Short Are We On Skinny Jabs?

As of now, WHO notes that under the present scenario of GLP-1 therapies, only 100 million people could benefit them, which is less than 10% of those who need them.

WHO's latest guidelines are now calling on countries and companies to expand access, through strategies and voluntary licensing. This means companies can grant permission for others to make affordable non-brand versions of its patented drug.

A patent on semaglutide, the main ingredient in Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy, is set to expire in many countries in 2026. Once that happens, other manufacturers will be able to produce and sell cheaper versions in markets such as India, Canada, China, Brazil and Turkey.

The WHO also says countries need to build healthier environments that support good health and help prevent obesity.

How Do GLP-1 Medications Work?

GLP-1 drugs mimic the action of the natural hormone GLP-1 to regulate blood sugar and promote weight loss. They work by increasing insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner, decreasing the liver's production of glucagon, and slowing down the emptying of the stomach, which helps lower blood sugar levels after a meal. They also act on the brain to suppress appetite and increase feelings of fullness, leading to reduced calorie intake.

In people with type 2 diabetes, notes Harvard Health, the body's cells are resistant to the effects of insulin and body does not produce enough insulin, or both. This is when GLP-1 agonists stimulate pancreas to release insulin and suppress the release of another hormone called glucagon.

These drugs also act in the brain to reduce hunger and act on the stomach to delay emptying, so you feel full for a longer time. These effects can lead to weight loss, which can be an important part of managing diabetes.

For many long-term cannabis users, the usual jokes about the munchies feel far removed from reality. Over recent years, emergency rooms have reported a steady rise in regular smokers arriving with sudden bouts of severe stomach distress that leave them curled up and unable to function. What makes it more troubling is that these episodes return several times a year, often leaving both patients and clinicians unsure of what is going on.

Scromiting: What is Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)?

The source of the problem is cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), a difficult condition marked by unrelenting nausea, strong abdominal cramps and repeated vomiting that can occur four or five times an hour, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

What Is Scromiting?

Symptoms usually appear within a day of cannabis use and can linger for several days. These episodes can be so overwhelming that emergency staff have adopted the term “scromiting,” a blend of screaming and vomiting that captures how distressing it can be.

Although cases have become more common, many healthcare workers are still relatively unfamiliar with CHS because it was only identified in recent years. This makes it easy to confuse with other illnesses such as foodborne infections or stomach bugs.

“A person often will have multiple emergency visits before the condition is correctly identified, which can be very costly,” said Dr. Beatriz Carlini, a research associate professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine who studies the health risks linked to cannabis. Once a diagnosis is made, managing the condition can still be a challenge.

There are no approved treatments at present, and many standard nausea medications fail to bring relief, explained Dr. Chris Buresh, an emergency medicine physician with UW Medicine and Seattle Children’s Hospital.

This often pushes doctors to try less common options, including Haldol, a drug usually used to manage psychosis. Some people experience temporary improvement from applying capsaicin cream to the abdomen, as the warming sensation can help lessen discomfort for short periods.

Hot baths and showers are another frequent source of relief. Many patients report staying in the bathroom for long stretches to calm their symptoms.

“That is often something that helps confirm the diagnosis for me,” Buresh said. “People say a hot shower is the only thing that brings any comfort, and they end up using all the hot water in the home.”

Scromiting Recovery Challenges

Once the worst phase passes, long-term improvement is not always straightforward. Because CHS comes and goes, some cannabis users assume an episode was caused by something else and continue smoking, only to fall ill again, according to UW researchers.

Even for those who accept the diagnosis, quitting cannabis can be difficult due to dependence, which prolongs the cycle of nausea and vomiting, Carlini said. The only known cure is to stop cannabis use entirely.

Researchers still do not know the exact biological cause of CHS. The leading idea is that years of heavy cannabis use overstimulates receptors within the endocannabinoid system, which may disrupt the body’s usual control over nausea and vomiting, as outlined by the Cleveland Clinic.

Why this affects certain users and not others remains unclear. “We do not yet know if it is tied to wider access to cannabis, higher THC levels, or something else entirely,” Buresh said.

“There seems to be a point at which people become vulnerable to this condition, and that point varies from person to person,” he added. “Even small amounts of cannabis can trigger vomiting once someone crosses that threshold.”

A study released earlier this year by George Washington University researchers examined 1,052 people with CHS to learn more about potential risk patterns.

The findings showed that those who began using cannabis at younger ages were more likely to return to the ER with hyperemesis episodes. Many reported daily use and long-term consumption, with 44 percent using cannabis regularly for more than five years before symptoms began.

CHS is not limited to adults. Data shows that emergency visits among American adolescents have increased more than tenfold between 2016 and 2023. While overall rates tend to be higher in states where recreational cannabis is legal, the sharpest year-to-year rise in adolescent CHS cases has been recorded in states where recreational use is still against the law.