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Drug abuse is a serious problem, which is capable of not only causing death to the one using it, but create a havoc in the lives of those who are associated with that person too. There have been plenty cases, whether it is Matthew Perry or the recent death of Liam Payne, which is in trial currently.
It is also a problem in the US and is emerging as one of the health concerns that could destroy families and society. One of the most alarming aspects of drug abuse is also its impact on public safety as well as increased crime rates. Drugs also take a heavy toll on healthcare systems as emergency departments frequently encounter cases of drug overdoses, which puts the burden on medical professional who have the strain the limited resources available.
There are also long-term health impact due to drug abuse, which includes organ damage, infectious disease, mental health disorders and rise in healthcare cost.
Yes. There are commonly used drugs, which also includes prescribed painkillers like oxycodone, hydrocodone, and fentanyl, as well as illicit substances like heroin. As per recent data, opioid abuse has also reached alarming levels which has affected millions of Americans.
They are used to increase alertness, attention, and energy. They also have a high potential for abuse due to the euphoric and performance enhancing effects. Cocaine and methamphetamine are notable stimulants frequently abused in the US. As per 2019 data, 10.3 million people reported to misuse stimulants in the previous year.
These substances are used to slow down brain activity and induce relaxation. Benzodiazepines is one of the commonly prescribed medicine. Around 4.8 million individuals in the US have misused this drug.
It could lead to slow breathing and heart rate. It can also increase the risk of overdose and respiratory failure, constipation and a weakened immune system.
It can elevate heart rate and blood pressure. It could also increase body temperate and lead to an irregular heartbeat. Furthermore, one can experience loss of appetite and weight loss.
This can alter perception and coordination. People who consume it often have red eyes and a dry mouth. This can increase appetite, sometimes the "munchies" can reach to a point of no return and it could impair memory and cognitive function.
It could lead to sedation and drowsiness and an impaired coordination and balance. There also could be memory problems and confusion, along with respiratory depression, when combined with other depressant substance.
This could lead to slurred speech, impaired condition, poor judgment and decision-making, liver damage and cirrhosis and an increased risk of accidents and injuries, which is the 3rd most leading cause of death in the US.
Substance abuse impairs job performance and reliability, leading to frequent absenteeism, reduced productivity, and even job loss. This further leads to financial instability, strained relationships, and a cycle of dependency.
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Why looking beyond the obvious can save lives.
A 50-year-old woman recently came to my clinic seeking a second opinion.
For weeks, she had been treated for asthma. She was using inhalers regularly, yet her cough persisted, and her breathlessness continued to worsen, even while resting. Something about her story didn't add up.
A simple chest X-ray revealed the real problem: a massive pleural effusion, a large collection of fluid surrounding the lung and preventing it from expanding normally. Further evaluation confirmed the underlying cause, lung cancer that had spread to the pleura, the thin membrane lining the lungs.
Her symptoms were genuine. The diagnosis, however, was not asthma.
Cough and breathlessness are among the most frequent reasons people visit a doctor. In most cases, the cause is something common, such as asthma, allergies, or a respiratory infection.
But common symptoms do not always point to common diseases. The key is recognizing when the clinical picture no longer fits.
If symptoms:
Then it is time to pause, reassess, and investigate further rather than simply changing medications.
In this patient's case, inhalers could never have relieved the pressure caused by fluid around the lung. Nor could they have treated an underlying tumor. The delay didn't change the diagnosis, but it delayed the answers, appropriate treatment, and the opportunity to plan the next steps.
For decades, lung cancer was largely associated with older men who smoked heavily. That picture has changed.
In our practice, we diagnose approximately two to three new cases of primary lung cancer every three months, and nearly 40% of these patients are women or individuals who have never smoked.
Increasingly, we are seeing:
If we continue to associate lung cancer only with smoking, we risk missing a significant proportion of patients who need timely diagnosis.
Asthma should not become a permanent label simply because someone has a cough or wheeze.
When symptoms fail to improve within a few weeks of appropriate treatment, it is important to step back, reconsider the diagnosis, and investigate further.
A chest X-ray remains one of the most valuable first-line investigations.
In just a few minutes, it can identify pneumonia, tuberculosis, heart failure, pleural effusion, lung masses, and many other conditions that require an entirely different treatment approach.
Even in an era of advanced imaging and artificial intelligence, the fundamentals of clinical medicine remain indispensable.
When detected early, lung cancer is often more treatable and offers significantly better outcomes.
Even in advanced disease, timely diagnosis can make an enormous difference. Procedures such as draining pleural fluid, initiating targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or palliative treatment can greatly improve both symptoms and quality of life.
Seek medical evaluation if you experience:
I often remind my patients that the body rarely sends repeated signals without a reason.
A persistent cough or unexplained breathlessness should never be dismissed simply because it resembles asthma. While asthma is common, it is only one of many possible causes.
Artificial intelligence can generate a list of potential diagnoses within seconds. But medicine is about more than identifying possibilities. It requires listening carefully, examining thoughtfully, choosing the right investigations, and connecting the clinical clues.
The woman who came to me was looking for reassurance.
Instead, she received something far more important: a correct diagnosis, a clear treatment plan, and the opportunity to move forward with certainty.
Because every cough is not asthma. And every breath deserves an explanation.
(By Dr. Sachin Kumar, Director – Pulmonology & Critical Care Medicine, Sakra World Hospital, Bengaluru)
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Tadalafil, a widely used drug for erectile dysfunction and enlarged prostate symptoms, may increase the risk of glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness, in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), according to a new study.
Although the study identified a significant association, the researchers emphasized that it was observational and does not prove that tadalafil directly causes glaucoma.
However, they suggested that men taking tadalafil long-term for LUTS may benefit from regular eye examinations, particularly those with existing glaucoma risk factors such as a family history of the disease or ocular hypertension.
Researchers from the National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, found that men taking tadalafil for LUTS were:
The findings were published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.
Also read: Israeli Scientists Find Surprising New Benefit of Viagra: It May Help Stop Cancer Spread
The researchers analyzed health data from 73,854 men aged 40 years and older with a history of lower urinary tract symptoms.
Half of the participants had been prescribed tadalafil or another phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) for up to five years, while the remaining participants received other treatments.
The increased glaucoma risk remained consistent, particularly among men aged over 50 years.
Tadalafil works by relaxing smooth muscles and improving blood flow. Besides treating erectile dysfunction, it is also prescribed to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate, such as frequent urination and urgency.
Previous studies have linked PDE5 inhibitors to several eye-related side effects, and the new findings add to concerns about their long-term effects on eye health.
"Tadalafil use for lower urinary tract symptoms was associated with a significant increase in the risk of glaucoma, ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma and initiation of glaucoma treatment in a large, multinational, real-world cohort," the researchers concluded.
Read More: GLP-1 Drugs Like Mounjaro, Ozempic Linked To 82 Deaths In UK, 162 In US
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common urinary problems that affect the storage or passage of urine. They are particularly common in elderly men and are often linked to conditions such as an enlarged prostate, an overactive bladder or problems affecting the body's fluid balance.
Common symptoms include:
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to irreversible vision loss and even blindness if left untreated.
It is a chronic disease that affects an estimated 80 million individuals globally, according to the World Glaucoma Association.
A major challenge with glaucoma is its lack of symptoms in the initial stages. As a result, the condition is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, where treatment yields the least results. More than 75 percent of glaucoma cases globally remain undiagnosed.
When to see a doctor for glaucoma:
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For years, diet sodas have enjoyed a pretty good reputation. They offered the sweetness without the sugar, the fizz without the guilt, and for many people, they became an easy replacement for regular soft drinks. It is not hard to see why. Whether it is an afternoon craving, something to sip with lunch, or a way to satisfy a craving without reaching for sugar, diet drinks have quietly become part of many people's daily routine. However, a major new study is making people look at those drinks a little differently. Researchers have found that people who regularly consumed higher amounts of artificial sweeteners showed faster declines in memory and thinking skills over time. It does not mean your occasional Diet Coke is suddenly a problem. But if you cannot remember the last day you went without one, the findings are definitely worth knowing.
The study followed 12,772 adults in Brazil over eight years, with the average age of participants being 52. It is the largest and longest study so far looking at how artificial sweeteners may be linked to brain health. Researchers examined seven commonly used low- and no-calorie sweeteners found in ultra-processed products like sodas, flavoured water, sugar-free yoghurt and low-calorie desserts. These included:
Throughout the study, participants completed tests that measured memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed. After taking other health factors into account, researchers noticed a clear pattern. People who consumed the highest amounts of artificial sweeteners experienced cognitive decline 62% faster than those who consumed the least. According to the researchers, that difference was roughly equal to 1.6 years of additional brain ageing.
Even people in the middle consumption group showed a 35% faster decline, equivalent to about 1.3 years of brain ageing. Out of the seven sweeteners studied, six showed an association with faster cognitive decline. The only one that did not was the Tagatose.
One finding stood out more than the rest. Most people tend to think of memory problems as something that only becomes a concern later in life. This study suggested that may not be the full picture. The link between artificial sweeteners and cognitive decline was strongest in adults under the age of 60. Researchers believe this could mean that the habits people build during midlife play a much bigger role in long-term brain health. The association was also stronger among people with diabetes, who are often more likely to choose artificially sweetened foods and drinks instead of sugary ones. Among all the areas tested, memory appeared to take the biggest hit.
This is where the conversation becomes important.
“Our findings do not suggest that drinking an occasional diet soda is harmful,” Claudia Kimie Suemoto of the University of São Paulo said. “Rather, they raise questions about the potential consequences of frequent, long-term consumption of artificial sweeteners.”
The study was observational, which means it identified the link, but it cannot say for sure that the sweeteners themselves caused the decline. That is a big difference. Lead researcher Claudia Kimie Suemoto from the University of São Paulo said: “Based on our study alone, I would not tell someone to stop drinking diet soda because of concerns about cognitive impairment”.
The findings also support earlier research. A 2017 study from the Framingham Heart Study reported a similar association between artificially sweetened beverages and a higher risk of stroke and dementia. Scientists say the evidence is growing, but there is still more to understand before firm conclusions can be made.
Read Also: UK Woman Dies After Sudden Abdominal Pain Following Increase In Her Mounjaro Dose
The answer is probably not to swear off diet soda forever. Instead, experts suggest taking a closer look at how often you are reaching for it. If one can has quietly turned into several every day, it may be worth cutting back little by little. Whenever you want a Diet Coke, go for plain water, sparkling water, unsweetened tea, or black coffee. This can help reduce your overall intake without making the change feel overwhelming. The goal is not perfection; it is balance.
There is no reason to panic over a single can. But if sugar-free drinks have become something you rely on every day without really thinking about it, this study is a good reminder that even habits that seem harmless deserve an occasional second look. Sometimes the healthiest changes start with asking a simple question: "Do I really need another one?"
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