Drug abuse is a serious problem, which is capable of not only causing death to the one using it, but create a havoc in the lives of those who are associated with that person too. There have been plenty cases, whether it is Matthew Perry or the recent death of Liam Payne, which is in trial currently.

It is also a problem in the US and is emerging as one of the health concerns that could destroy families and society. One of the most alarming aspects of drug abuse is also its impact on public safety as well as increased crime rates. Drugs also take a heavy toll on healthcare systems as emergency departments frequently encounter cases of drug overdoses, which puts the burden on medical professional who have the strain the limited resources available.

There are also long-term health impact due to drug abuse, which includes organ damage, infectious disease, mental health disorders and rise in healthcare cost.

Are there any specific drugs which are most abused in US?

Yes. There are commonly used drugs, which also includes prescribed painkillers like oxycodone, hydrocodone, and fentanyl, as well as illicit substances like heroin. As per recent data, opioid abuse has also reached alarming levels which has affected millions of Americans.

Here are the most abused drugs in the US:

Stimulants

They are used to increase alertness, attention, and energy. They also have a high potential for abuse due to the euphoric and performance enhancing effects. Cocaine and methamphetamine are notable stimulants frequently abused in the US. As per 2019 data, 10.3 million people reported to misuse stimulants in the previous year.

Depressants

These substances are used to slow down brain activity and induce relaxation. Benzodiazepines is one of the commonly prescribed medicine. Around 4.8 million individuals in the US have misused this drug.

Other misused drugs and its affects on the health:

Opioids:

It could lead to slow breathing and heart rate. It can also increase the risk of overdose and respiratory failure, constipation and a weakened immune system.

Stimulants:

It can elevate heart rate and blood pressure. It could also increase body temperate and lead to an irregular heartbeat. Furthermore, one can experience loss of appetite and weight loss.

Cannabis:

This can alter perception and coordination. People who consume it often have red eyes and a dry mouth. This can increase appetite, sometimes the "munchies" can reach to a point of no return and it could impair memory and cognitive function.

Benzodiazepines:

It could lead to sedation and drowsiness and an impaired coordination and balance. There also could be memory problems and confusion, along with respiratory depression, when combined with other depressant substance.

Alcohol:

This could lead to slurred speech, impaired condition, poor judgment and decision-making, liver damage and cirrhosis and an increased risk of accidents and injuries, which is the 3rd most leading cause of death in the US.

Additional Negative Impact: Social and psychological

Substance abuse impairs job performance and reliability, leading to frequent absenteeism, reduced productivity, and even job loss. This further leads to financial instability, strained relationships, and a cycle of dependency.

Are you someone who can spend hours scrolling through short videos on Instagram, YouTube or TikTok? A new study suggests that watching preferred short videos may temporarily quiet brain regions involved in self-control and monitoring, offering a possible clue to why it can be so hard to stop.

Short Videos May Quiet Brain’s Self-Control Network

The research, published in the journal NeuroImage, found that watching preferred short videos may temporarily suppress activity in parts of the brain involved in cognitive control. This effect may also be linked to levels of the brain chemical glutamate.

The study focused on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Both are key regions of the cognitive control network, which becomes active during tasks that require mental effort, attention and self-regulation.

Researchers from Zhejiang University in China found that both the dACC and dlPFC showed significant deactivation when participants watched preferred videos to completion, compared with less-preferred videos that were stopped early.

The liked videos significantly reduced activity in both brain regions linked to cognitive control. When participants watched videos they chose to continue, activity in the dACC and dlPFC fell below normal resting levels.

However, disliked videos showed a different pattern. Activity in the dACC remained close to normal, while the dlPFC was still suppressed. Meanwhile, the visual cortex remained active during both types of videos, suggesting the changes were linked to the viewing experience rather than simply looking at a screen.

Glutamate May Influence How The Brain Responds

The small study of 56 participants also examined whether resting levels of two important brain chemicals could help explain differences in how participants’ cognitive control networks responded during short-video viewing.

Glutamate is the brain’s main excitatory neurotransmitter, helping increase neural activity. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the brain’s main inhibitory neurotransmitter, helping reduce or regulate neural activity.

The researchers found that resting-state glutamate levels in the dACC were associated with the extent of brain deactivation. Higher glutamate concentrations were linked to less suppression of activity in both the dACC and dlPFC.

Functional connectivity between the dACC and dlPFC also increased during video viewing, particularly when participants watched their preferred videos.

How Immersive Viewing Affects Brain

The researchers said the findings provide new evidence that immersive viewing of preferred short videos can deactivate the cognitive control network and that individual differences in this response may be linked to glutamate metabolism.

They suggested that the findings could help improve understanding of how digital media consumption interacts with neurochemical processes involved in self-regulation and may offer insights into the neural mechanisms behind excessive short-video use.

The study, however. does not establish that short-video viewing directly causes a loss of self-control or addictive behavior.

Why Excessive Short-Video Maybe Harmful?

Previous research has linked excessive short-video use with changes in attention, focus and mental well-being.

Studies in Nature Communications and research from the American Psychological Association suggest that highly stimulating, rapidly changing content may encourage constant novelty-seeking and make sustained attention more difficult.

Potential effects include:

• Reward-seeking behavior
• Reduced attention span
• Mental fatigue
• Sleep disruption
• Emotional reactivity

Short videos are not inherently harmful, but excessive or compulsive scrolling can become a concern when it interferes with sleep, work, studies or daily life.

Breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in India, representing a significant and growing public health concern. According to recent estimates, India recorded approximately 221,757 new breast cancer cases in 2022, making breast cancer the most common cancer among women and accounting for nearly one-fourth of all female cancers in several urban populations1.

Rising urbanisation, lifestyle changes, delayed childbirth, and increasing life expectancy have contributed to the growing incidence. Despite advances in awareness and screening, many women continue to be diagnosed at later stages, underscoring the need for effective, accessible, and patient-centric treatment approaches.

Moving Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Radiation Therapy

As cancer care evolves towards more personalised treatment, brachytherapy is emerging as a targeted alternative that delivers radiation with greater precision.

Also read: Why Flight Attendants, Pilots Face Higher Risk Of Radiation-Linked Cancer Deaths Than Other Occupations?

How Brachytherapy Delivers Radiation Where It Matters Most

Unlike conventional radiation, which passes through normal tissues before reaching the target, brachytherapy focuses treatment directly on the tumour bed. This precision helps maximise treatment effectiveness while reducing potential side effects.

Also read: Groundbreaking Experimental Vaccine May Prevent Pancreatic Cancer From Spreading, Early Trial Finds

A More Personalised Approach to Breast Cancer Treatment

One of the most significant applications of breast brachytherapy is Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI). In selected patients with early-stage breast cancer, the risk of recurrence is highest around the original tumour site. APBI targets only this region rather than treating the entire breast.

This focused approach helps protect healthy breast tissue and nearby organs such as the heart and lungs. Advanced imaging and treatment-planning technologies further enhance personalisation by allowing radiation doses to be tailored to the patient's anatomy and tumour characteristics.

Also read: UK Set To Implement Stricter Protocol For Prostate Cancer Testing; Who Is Eligible To Get Tested?

Shorter Treatment Duration, Greater Convenience

A major advantage of brachytherapy is the shorter treatment schedule it offers. Conventional radiation therapy may require daily sessions for three to six weeks, whereas brachytherapy-based APBI can often be completed within a few days.

For patients travelling long distances to access specialised cancer care, this can reduce both the logistical and financial burden of treatment while minimising disruptions to daily life.

Preserving Quality of Life After Cancer

As survival rates improve, quality of life has become a key consideration in breast cancer care. Brachytherapy's targeted approach reduces radiation exposure to healthy tissues and has been associated with favourable cosmetic outcomes.

By combining precision, convenience, and effectiveness, brachytherapy represents an important step towards personalised breast cancer treatment, offering appropriately selected patients an opportunity for effective care with potentially fewer side effects and improved overall treatment experience.

By Dr. Harjot Kaur Bajwa, Senior Consultant Radiation Oncologist and Brachytherapy specialist at the American Oncology Institute, Hyderabad

Longevity expert and multi-billionaire Bryan Johnson has revealed another health condition affecting him. This time, it is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Johnson also said that the largely asymptomatic condition affects nearly 90 percent of adults over 40. The condition can "lead to permanent eye damage" and also affects younger people because of increased exposure to screens.

“I just learned that I have meaningful meibomian gland dropout. This is why my eyes are irritated,” Johnson said in a post on social media platform X.

“The dropout leads to evaporative dry eye disease, which triggers vision degradation such as blurred text, glare at night, light sensitivity, and neuropathic ocular pain. Left long enough, it can scar the cornea and permanently damage vision,” he added.

What Is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction?

Meibomian gland dysfunction happens when the tiny oil glands in the eyelids become blocked or produce poor-quality oil. This prevents enough oil from reaching the tears, causing them to dry up too quickly.

Major triggers include aging, hormonal shifts, screen use, and skin or eye inflammation, according to Cleveland Clinic.

Johnson explained that there are about “60 meibomian glands per eye, split across the upper and lower lid. They are like pores, secreting nourishing oil (meibum) onto your tear film to prevent rapid evaporation.”

He noted that the glands can become dysfunctional due to conditions or factors including "age, androgen deficiency, menopause, hormone replacement, oral contraceptives, isotretinoin, antihistamines, SSRIs, tricyclics, beta blockers, diuretics, anticholinergics, preserved eye drops, incomplete blinking, reduced blink rate, screen use, contact lens wear, and ocular rosacea".

When these glands become clogged, the meibocytes can die, and the gland can eventually drop out. Johnson said conventional medicine considers total gland dropout irreversible.

Why Can MGD Go Unnoticed?

Importantly, Johnson said that MGD can remain asymptomatic during its initial stages. When symptoms appear, the condition can resemble ordinary dry eye, allowing it to worsen and lead to permanent gland dropout.

Advanced MGD can also numb the cornea, further masking subjective symptoms as the disease progresses.

How Did Bryan Johnson Detect MGD?

Johnson's MGD was detected after he went to the doctor for a chalazion or stye, a painful, red bump on the edge of the eyelid.

He also mentioned undergoing diagnostic tests, including the Schirmer test and infrared meibography.

How Is Johnson Treating MGD?

Johnson began treatment with in-office intense pulsed light (IPL), radiofrequency (RF), and an experimental intraductal probing, known as the Maskin protocol, to address inflammation and physically reopen clogged glands.

The eye-light device combines IPL with 630-nm red low-level light. The proposed mechanism involves stimulating mitochondrial ATP production in meibocytes and reducing inflammation around the eyes.

The probing therapy involved using 1-mm, 2-mm, and 4-mm probes, which were inserted into each gland orifice.

“My doctor then expressed my glands, using a roller device to expel any buildup and kickstart the gland’s natural expression. This is really painful. Brings you to tears,” Johnson said.

Along with IPL, RF, and probing, he was also using warm eye compresses twice a day, in the morning and at night.

“With this protocol, we’ve seen a 30% improvement in meibomian gland function (using imaging). My glands look healthier, eye irritation has lessened, my subjective symptoms have subsided, and when we probe now, we encounter minimal fibrotic resistance (popping),” he said.

Signs of MGD to Watch For

Johnson listed several symptoms and warning signs to watch for, including:

• Burning or a gritty sensation in the eyes
• Vision that blurs and then clears when you blink
• Watery eyes, as dryness can trigger reflex tears
• Red, crusty or bumpy eyelid margins
• Recurring styes
• Contact lenses becoming uncomfortable
• Symptoms worsening when using screens, travelling on planes or staying in air-conditioned environments

Any of these symptoms, particularly after age 40, may warrant a gland examination, Johnson said.