People receiving weight-loss drug Wegovy sustained weight loss for up to four years, shedding an average of 10% of their body weight in that time, as per a new study. Wegrovy is a brand that markets semaglutide injections, that have gained widespread attention for their weight-loss effects. The study also found that Semaglutide injections boost an individual's heart health, even when weight loss doesn't take place.

The study, called SELECT, was published in journal Nature Medicine. "At four years, we see ongoing benefits of semaglutide," said Cheng-Han Chen, MD, interventional cardiologist from Cardiologist, who was not involved in the research. Besides the weight loss, it also lead to a loss in cardiovascular outcomes.

The research was conducted on 17000 adults, who had obesity but did not have diabetes. Overall, people who received once-weekly injections of semaglutide lost on average 10.2% of their body weight over the course of four years. All of the study participants continued to lose weight for about 65 weeks, a year and three months, and then their weight remained at a stable level.

Were There Any Side Effects?

What Did The Results Say?

Of the people on the highest dose of Wegovy, 68% lost at least 5% of their body weight. This compared to 21% of people on the placebo. Additionally, of the total people on Wegovy about 23% lost at least 15% of their body weight. For those in the placebo group, only 1.7% lost that much body weight.

Semaglutide Shows Heart Benefits Beyond Weight Loss

Researchers found that even individuals who did not experience significant weight reduction while on the drug saw a reduced risk of major heart events. Recent analysis of the SELECT trial data revealed that semaglutide significantly lowers the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular-related deaths in adults with obesity or those who are overweight. Notably, the results of this study lead the US FDA to approve Novo Nordisk's Wegovy for reducing heart-related risks in this group.

What Is Semaglutide?

Are Their Any Side Effects Of Semaglutide?

Semaglutide, marketed under the brand name Wegovy, is primarily an antidiabetic medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes. It is also an anti-obesity drug used for long-term weight management. While it can be taken as a subcutaneous injection or orally, it has significant side effects. It primarily impacts your gastrointestinal tract and its side effects include constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and fatigue amongst others.

Cancer is not just a problem of elderly people anymore. In India, there has been an increased number of cases where individuals under the age of 40 are diagnosed with various forms of cancer. Even if there are fewer cases of this medical condition among younger people, this fact does not change the fact that one-fifth of all cancer patients in India are younger than 40 years.

Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, as well as blood cancer, are some types of cancer that become more common at a younger age. Among the most alarming statistics, the incidence of colorectal cancer in people aged 30-40 should be mentioned. Moreover, the fact that breast cancer becomes evident nine years earlier in Indian women in comparison with Western women must also be noted.

What Makes This Problem Increase?

There is a wide variety of factors that contribute to this problem. These are the following:

• Lifestyle changes, such as lack of exercise, unhealthy eating habits, being overweight, and stressful situations
• Alcohol and tobacco consumption
• Pollution in the urban environment
• Problems with early diagnosis due to the negligence of patients
• Low screening rates among the young population

Early detection saves lives. Some warning signs to look out for are:

• Sudden and unexplained weight loss
• Endless fatigue
• Digestion issues
• Breast lumps or any swellings anywhere in the body
• Coughing or trouble swallowing persistently

Why Late-stage Diagnosis Is Even More Serious

Not only does it take time to diagnose cancer cases in young patients due to low suspicions, but these cancers also create an additional burden on people during their prime earning period.

How To Combat This Trend

There needs to be a paradigm shift in our understanding of this problem. First of all, we have to understand that cancer affects patients irrespective of their age, and therefore, when you experience some symptoms of cancer, do visit a doctor to get your condition checked out.

The key is maintaining healthy practices like balanced nutrition, exercising, not smoking, and limiting consumption of alcohol.

It often begins in the most ordinary way—someone sits down to enjoy a meal and suddenly feels a sharp swelling under the jaw or near the ear.

The pain intensifies with every bite, creating a strange pattern: eat, swell, hurt; stop eating, and the swelling slowly settles.

For many people, this puzzling cycle is caused by something surprisingly small—a salivary stone. Though typically no larger than a few millimeters, these tiny mineral deposits can cause significant discomfort and, if untreated, repeated infections. Fortunately, modern medicine has transformed how this condition is managed, replacing traditional gland removal surgery with a minimally invasive technique known as sialendoscopy.

A Salivary Stone

Saliva is something most of us rarely think about, yet it plays a vital role in everyday life. It helps us chew and swallow food, begins the process of digestion, keeps the mouth moist, and protects teeth from decay. Salivary stones, medically termed sialolithiasis, develop when minerals—primarily calcium—gradually crystallize inside these ducts.

Over time, these crystals accumulate, forming hard, chalk-like structures that partially or completely block the flow of saliva. When saliva becomes concentrated—often due to dehydration, reduced fluid intake, or medications that decrease saliva production—minerals are more likely to settle and crystallize.

Slow flow or stagnation within the duct allows these tiny deposits to grow. Previous infections, inflammation, or minor scarring can narrow the duct, further encouraging stone formation. The process is gradual and often silent until the blockage becomes significant.

Symptoms Of Salivary Stone

The symptoms are distinctive. Pain and swelling typically occur during meals, when the glands are stimulated to produce more saliva. If a stone is blocking the duct, saliva cannot escape into the mouth. Pressure builds within the gland, causing swelling and a throbbing ache. The swelling may reduce after some time as saliva slowly seeps past the obstruction, only to recur at the next meal.

In some cases, patients notice a dry mouth, an unpleasant taste, or even pus discharge if infection develops. Because the symptoms come and go, many people delay seeking medical help, assuming it is a temporary issue.

Salivary Stone: Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis today is far more straightforward than it once was. A doctor may sometimes feel a stone during a physical examination inside the mouth or beneath the jaw. Ultrasound scanning is a simple and painless way to detect most stones, while CT scans are useful for identifying deeper or smaller ones.

However, the real breakthrough in both diagnosis and treatment has been sialendoscopy. This technique involves introducing a very thin endoscope—about the size of a delicate wire—directly into the natural opening of the salivary duct inside the mouth. The surgeon can then visualize the duct system from within, identify the exact location of the stone, and in many cases remove it during the same procedure.

Not long ago, treatment options were far more invasive. When stones were deeply lodged or infections recurred, surgeons often removed the entire affected gland.

For the submandibular gland, this required an incision in the neck, a hospital stay, and a recovery period that could last weeks. There was also a significant risk of nerve injury, which could affect tongue movement or lower lip function. While gland excision effectively eliminated the stone, it also meant permanent loss of that gland’s function.

For what is essentially a small obstructing stone, the operation was often disproportionate to the problem. Gland removal also meant a permanent scar on the neck, which can cause significant facial deformity.

Treating Salivary Stone With Sialendoscopy

The advent of sialendoscopy has dramatically changed this landscape. Through the natural duct opening inside the mouth, the surgeon gently widens the duct and introduces the miniature camera. Continuous saline irrigation keeps the view clear.

Once the stone is located, tiny micro-instruments such as baskets or graspers are used to retrieve it. Larger stones can sometimes be fragmented using a LASER before removal.

In addition to extracting stones, sialendoscopy allows the surgeon to dilate narrow ducts, wash out debris, and treat inflammatory conditions. The procedure typically takes less than an hour, is often performed as a day-care surgery, and leaves no external scar.

The benefits of sialendoscopy are substantial. The most important advantage is gland preservation. Instead of sacrificing an entire gland, the obstruction alone is addressed, allowing normal saliva production to continue. There are no visible scars because the procedure is performed entirely through the mouth.

Recovery is typically quick, with most patients resuming normal activities within a day or two. Complication rates are lower compared to open surgery, and success rates are high—often exceeding 90 to 95 percent in appropriately selected cases. Even when stones are larger or located deeper within the gland, sialendoscopy can often be combined with a small intraoral incision, still avoiding external scars and major surgery.

Sialendoscopy and its allied approaches can now tackle almost any stone, whether it’s in the duct or in the gland, with utmost precision, leaving behind a fully functional gland. Despite conventional learnings, even intraglandular stones, large stones, and patients with multiple stones can be effectively treated using this novel technique.

Preventing Salivary Stones

Prevention, while not always possible, can reduce risk. Staying well hydrated helps maintain healthy saliva flow. Good oral hygiene minimizes infection and inflammation within the ducts. Early evaluation of recurrent swelling can prevent chronic damage. Individuals who take medications that reduce saliva production should be particularly mindful of fluid intake and regular dental care.

The story of salivary stones is ultimately one of medical progress. What was once managed through the removal of an entire gland can now often be treated with a fine endoscope and delicate instruments. The transformation has reduced pain, shortened recovery times, minimized complications, and preserved natural gland function.

For patients, it means less anxiety and more confidence in seeking care early. For surgeons, it represents the success of innovation guided by a simple principle: treat precisely, preserve whenever possible, and restore normal function with the least disruption.

Salivary stones may be small, but their impact can be significant. Thanks to sialendoscopy and the expertise of pioneers in the field, patients today have access to safer, more conservative, and highly effective treatment options. In modern salivary gland care, the focus is no longer on removing the gland—it is on saving it.

The consumption of vapes or the practice of vaping has seen a surge among the younger generation. People have often considered vapes to be a substitute for their everyday cigarettes, and therefore, they have replaced their traditional smoking habits. They do not carry the right knowledge about this common practice and fail to take the right measures to cut down on its usage. Research institutions and government bodies are now making collective efforts to establish the facts and make the general populace more aware and healthy.

How Can You Detect The Early Signs Of Oral Cancer?

Oral problems and an increased risk of oral cancer are considered to be the common problems associated with vaping. The presence of harmful chemicals in its formation makes it harmful to the human body. Along with your oral cavity, they can also damage the lining of your mouth. It has been proven that excessive consumption of vapes can lead to an increased risk of oral cancer.

Oral cancer can be prevented with early detection and immediate medical intervention. It can be identified with signs like abnormal bleeding inside the mouth, ulcers that won’t heal, chronic soreness, and red and white patches on the tongue and gums. The common signs are often discarded as an allergy, and people fail to seek the right treatment. Even with the available medical care and support, they are not able to counter this deadly disease.

The Impact of Vaping on Oral Tissues

The risk of vaping is not limited to increased chances of getting oral cancer. It can also impact your overall health. A vape is made with excessive heat and other harmful chemicals, which can damage the tissues of your gums and cause inflammation. It can lead to a condition known as gingivitis. One might also experience a dryness in their mouth, which is caused by reduced saliva production, which is considered to be a defense mechanism against bacterial production.

There can be far-reaching implications of having a constant dry mouth. It can lead to a breeding ground for harmful microbes. It can also increase one’s chances of having tooth decay, foul smell in the mouth, and oral infections.

Also read: Vaping Becomes Major Nicotine Threat Among Children Under 5 in US, Warns Study

The presence of flavoring agents and harmful chemicals in vapes makes them more damaging to the enamel of your teeth. In the short run, it might not seem like a major problem, but it can lead to tooth sensitivity if not handled at the right time.

Which Is More Harmful- Smoking or Vaping?

As the practice of vaping does not include combustion, people consider it safer than regular smoking. They often forget that vapes contain a significant amount of nicotine, which promotes survival and rapid growth of cancerous cells.

Vaping can reduce the blood flow to your gums and affect your healing capabilities. It can also increase your probability of periodontal disease. As the younger generation considers vaping to be a safer alternative, it can lead to its more frequent usage. As vaping does not follow any pattern like traditional smoking, it can be consumed at any time during the day, and increases your exposure to harmful chemicals.

The younger generation has reported an increasing number of oral health issues that are linked to vaping. Some of these problems include inflammation of your gums and decay of

your tooth enamel. As these issues seem visibly minor, they can often get ignored, and the person might not seek the required treatment. Consequently, they might develop long-term oral problems.

The younger generation gets influenced by the internet fads and more affordable alternatives to their daily smoking. As they keep increasing their consumption of vapes, they fail to identify the potential side effects.

Conclusion

The ongoing research has proven that vaping can be detrimental to both your oral and overall health. Research has suggested that this problem is more common among the younger generation, who might feel more inclined to replace the traditional forms of smoking. With ease of usage and accessibility, this malpractice has youngsters across the globe under its grip.

If one does not make the right effort to reduce their usage, it can lead to serious complications in the long run. Both the government officials and healthcare professionals need to spread more awareness about its detrimental effects and make efforts to conduct regular oral checkups. In this way, there will be a community-level effort to put a stop to its usage.