Sleep changes as we age. When we were kids, we needed 10 to 12 hours of sleep, for teens it is eight to 10 and it decreases to seven to nine as we reach adulthood. But there is always a lack of urgency when it comes to sleep and young adults, many of whom prefer staying up and doing different activities. According to the Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, many national surveys show that about 37% of men, and 39% of people from the age of 45 to 64 reported not getting enough sleep.

Many people in America don't sleep the right amount. This means they either sleep too long or not long enough. But what happens to your body when you do not sleep enough? You just feel tired right? No, when you don't get this much sleep, your body can get stressed. This can make you more likely to get sick. A study published by the JAMA Network Open Sleep Trajectories and All-Cause Mortality Among Low-Income Adults showed that people who don't sleep the right amount have a higher chance of dying early. It's like your body needs that time to rest and fix itself. Without enough good sleep, things can start to go wrong. So, getting the right amount of sleep is super important for staying healthy.

How Was The Study Done?

Scientists wanted to see how sleep habits affect people's health over many years. They looked at almost 47,000 people who were between 40 and 79 years old. They asked them about their sleep habits when the study started, and then again, a few years later. The scientists wanted to see if people's sleep habits changed. They divided people into groups based on if they started with too much or too little sleep, and if their sleep changed over time. For example, some people started sleeping a lot but then started sleeping very little. This helped the scientists see how different sleep patterns affected people's health. They wanted to see the long-term effects of sleep.

The study found that people who had sleep habits that changed a lot had a higher risk of dying early. This means if you started sleeping too much and then switched to sleeping too little, or the other way around, you were more likely to die sooner. They also found that these people had a higher risk of heart problems. The risks were even higher for some groups of people, like white adults and people with higher incomes.

Sleep Deprivation And Its Effect On The Body

If you often doze off when you are sitting and reading, watching a movie, talking to someone, sitting quietly after lunch or even during a few minutes of traffic, you may be sleep deprived according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. They explain how sleep deprivation can cause issues with learning, focusing and reacting to certain things. The symptoms of sleep deprivation in kids differ a little as they might be overly active and have trouble paying attention to certain things. If you are experiencing sleep issues, make sure to speak to a healthcare professional who will help you identify the issues and direct you towards the treatment or changes you must make. Here are some ways sleep helps your body.

Repairs Your Heart

Good sleep allows your heart and blood vessels to heal. This keeps them strong and healthy, reducing the risk of heart problems.

Controls Hunger

Sleep helps balance your hunger hormones, so you don't feel too hungry. This helps prevent eating too much and keeps your weight healthy.

Manages Blood Sugar

Proper sleep helps your body use insulin correctly. This lowers the chance of high blood sugar, which can lead to diabetes.

Supports Growth

Deep sleep releases growth hormones, helping kids and teens grow. It also repairs body tissues, which is important for everyone.

Boosts Immunity

When you sleep well, your body's defense system gets stronger. This helps you fight off germs and stay healthy.

Water remains the most reliable and effective way to keep the body hydrated during hot weather. However, many people increasingly turn to energy drinks during long workdays or busy schedules, hoping to stay refreshed or energized.

Experts warn that relying on these drinks instead of water can create several health risks, particularly when temperatures are high.

Energy drinks are typically marketed as quick solutions for fatigue and low energy. They often contain high levels of caffeine, added sugars and stimulants that may temporarily increase alertness.

While this short term boost may seem appealing, experts say these drinks are not designed to support proper hydration. When consumed frequently, especially during summer, they can place extra strain on the body rather than helping it stay cool and hydrated.

Dr Arun Sachdeva, an Internal Medicine Specialist at Felix Healthcare in Bengaluru, explains that replacing water with energy drinks during hot weather can interfere with the body’s natural hydration balance.

According to him, excessive consumption of these beverages may contribute to both immediate and long term health concerns, particularly when the body is already losing fluids through sweating.

Higher Risk Of Dehydration

During summer, when sweating already causes significant water loss, this effect may make it harder for the body to maintain proper hydration.

When energy drinks replace water intake, the risk of dehydration increases. Common symptoms of dehydration include fatigue, dizziness, headaches and dry mouth. In more severe cases, dehydration can also affect concentration, physical performance and overall wellbeing.

Excessive Stress On The Heart

For people who already have high blood pressure or existing heart conditions, excessive intake of energy drinks could increase the risk of heart palpitations or irregular heart rhythms. Experts therefore recommend limiting the consumption of these beverages, particularly during periods of intense heat.

High Sugar And Empty Calories

Frequent spikes in blood sugar levels may gradually increase the risk of metabolic disorders. Over time, consistently high sugar consumption can contribute to health problems such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Therefore, doctors advise paying attention to sugar content in beverages, especially during hot weather when people tend to drink more fluids throughout the day.

Sleep Disruption And Energy Crashes

Instead of providing sustained energy, regular consumption of energy drinks may lead to temporary stimulation followed by sudden drops in energy levels.

This cycle can leave individuals feeling even more tired later in the day, creating a pattern where they rely on more caffeinated drinks to stay alert.

Kidney Health And Hydration

When the body does not receive enough water, the kidneys may struggle to function efficiently. Over time, poor hydration can increase the risk of kidney related problems and may affect the body’s ability to regulate fluid levels effectively.

Why Water Remains The Best Choice

Doctors emphasize that water remains the safest and most effective drink for maintaining hydration during summer. It helps regulate body temperature, supports organ function and replaces fluids lost through sweating without introducing excess caffeine, sugar or stimulants.

Energy drinks may occasionally provide a quick boost of alertness, but they should not be used as a substitute for water. Maintaining regular water intake throughout the day remains one of the simplest and most effective ways to support overall health during hot weather.

Late nights at the office, quick dinners made from instant noodles or packaged snacks and constant deadline pressure are often treated as normal parts of professional life, but doctors say these habits may gradually affect kidney health.

Nephrologists report that routine health screenings are increasingly detecting early signs of kidney stress in people in their late 20s to 30s, even among those without traditional risk factors such as diabetes, smoking or a family history of kidney disease.

According to nephrologist Dr Kristin George, some patients show warning indicators such as elevated creatinine levels, high blood pressure or traces of protein in the urine.

Creatinine is a waste product filtered out by the kidneys and rising levels may indicate that the organs are not removing waste as efficiently as they should.

Doctors say that when lifestyle patterns are examined more closely, prolonged work stress, sedentary routines, irregular meals and frequent late-night snacking often emerge as common factors.

Kidney Disease Is A Growing Global Concern

Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, involves the gradual loss of kidney function over time and can eventually lead to kidney failure if it is not detected early.

Health experts warn that CKD could become one of the leading causes of death globally in the coming decades. Diabetes and hypertension account for a large proportion of cases and according to the International Society of Nephrology these two conditions combined contribute to nearly two-thirds of chronic kidney disease cases worldwide.

Doctors also note that prolonged stress may indirectly increase these risks because long-term elevations in stress hormones such as cortisol can raise blood pressure and disrupt metabolic balance.

Processed Foods And Late-Night Eating

Late-night meals frequently include instant noodles, chips, processed meats or packaged snacks, many of which contain significant amounts of sodium.

Sodium helps regulate fluid balance, but excessive intake forces the kidneys to work harder to maintain stable blood pressure. The World Health Organization estimates that most adults consume nearly twice the recommended daily sodium intake, largely because of processed foods.

Doctors say that consistently high salt intake can gradually increase blood pressure and place additional strain on kidney function.

Sedentary Work And Poor Hydration

Hydration habits and prolonged sitting are additional concerns among office workers. Many professionals rely heavily on coffee, energy drinks or sugary beverages during long workdays, often replacing plain water as the main source of fluid intake.

While moderate caffeine consumption is generally considered safe, relying mainly on caffeinated drinks can contribute to mild dehydration, which may affect blood circulation through the kidneys and increase the likelihood of kidney stones.

At the same time, many corporate jobs require employees to remain seated for extended periods. Sedentary routines have been linked to obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and high blood pressure, all of which are major contributors to kidney disease.

Early Signs Often Go Unnoticed

Kidney disease often develops silently in its early stages, which means many people remain unaware of the problem until significant damage has occurred.

Early kidney dysfunction may progress quietly for years before symptoms appear, and by the time signs such as swelling, fatigue or changes in urination become noticeable, kidney function may already be reduced.

Doctors therefore recommend periodic screening tests, including serum creatinine measurements, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) tests and urine albumin tests, which can detect early signs of kidney damage.

Small Changes Can Make A Difference

Health experts say that protecting kidney health often begins with small lifestyle changes. Reducing processed food consumption, limiting excessive salt intake, staying adequately hydrated and maintaining regular sleep schedules can all support kidney function.

Taking short movement breaks during long work hours and managing stress through regular physical activity or relaxation techniques may also help reduce the long-term strain that modern work routines place on the body.

Doctors emphasise that kidney disease usually develops gradually, which means recognising and adjusting everyday habits early may help many young professionals protect their kidney health.

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in India, often affecting people nearly a decade earlier than in Western populations.

Recent cholesterol management recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA) and related global guidelines emphasize aggressive control of LDL cholesterol — the so-called “bad cholesterol.” For Indians, these recommendations carry particular importance.

Studies consistently show that South Asians have a higher tendency for premature coronary artery disease. Even individuals who appear relatively lean may have underlying metabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides. Because of this inherent susceptibility, the same cholesterol levels that may appear “borderline” in Western populations can translate into a significantly higher cardiovascular risk in Indians.

What Does The New Guidelines Say

The newer guidelines shift the focus away from merely treating cholesterol numbers to assessing an individual’s overall cardiovascular risk.

Factors such as diabetes, smoking, blood pressure, family history of early heart disease, and age are considered together. If a person falls into a higher-risk category, doctors now recommend lowering LDL cholesterol more aggressively than before.

For people who already have established heart disease, the goal is particularly strict. LDL cholesterol is ideally reduced to levels below 55 mg/dL. Achieving such targets often requires not only lifestyle changes but also medications such as statins, and in some cases, newer therapies that further lower cholesterol levels.

How Indians Can Prevent Heart Disease

For Indians without diagnosed heart disease, prevention becomes the key message. Regular screening after the age of 30–35 years is increasingly advisable, especially if there is a family history of heart disease or diabetes. Diet also plays a central role: reducing trans fats, limiting refined carbohydrates, increasing fibre intake, and maintaining a healthy body weight can significantly influence cholesterol levels.

Equally important is regular physical activity. Even 30 minutes of brisk walking most days of the week can improve lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk.

The key takeaway is simple: Indians develop heart disease earlier and often at lower cholesterol levels.

The newer AHA recommendations reinforce the need for earlier screening, individualized risk assessment, and more proactive cholesterol management to prevent future heart attacks.