When we catch a cold or flu, common symptoms like cough, fever, and loss of smell are often dismissed as ordinary. However, a recent study reveals that loss of smell—a symptom brought into sharp focus during the COVID-19 pandemic—could be an indicator of over 139 medical conditions, some far more serious than the flu.
A groundbreaking study by scientists from the UC Irvine Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences in California has highlighted the link between persistent olfactory loss and inflammation, which is associated with numerous health conditions. Published in the journal
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, the study emphasizes that olfactory dysfunction could be an early warning sign for diseases ranging from COVID-19 to neurological and psychological disorders.
The Science Behind Olfactory Loss
Olfactory loss, or the inability to smell, is not just an inconvenience. According to the study, the phenomenon stems from inflammation that can signal various underlying health issues. Researchers found that olfactory dysfunction often precedes other symptoms in conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and even schizophrenia.
For example, Walker et al. (2021) noted that olfactory loss appears well before motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Similarly, studies as far back as 1991 (Serby et al.) indicated that the first area of the brain to deteriorate in Alzheimer’s patients is the olfactory pathway. This early warning capability extends to other conditions such as major cardiac events, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia, where olfactory loss often precedes the onset of more recognizable symptoms.
Loss of smell - A predictor of mortality and cognitive decline
Perhaps even more concerning is the link between olfactory loss and overall health outcomes. The study connects persistent loss of smell to memory decline, cognitive impairment, and even all-cause mortality. For instance, a study from the University of Chicago found that a rapid decline in the sense of smell could serve as an early indicator of dementia.
Potential of scents
There’s hope, however. A 2023 study exploring “olfactory enrichment” found that exposing older adults to pleasant scents via an odorant diffuser significantly improved memory—by as much as 226%. Researchers believe that these scents may reduce inflammation, offering a potential mechanism for improving brain health.
“We now know that pleasant scents can decrease inflammation, potentially pointing to the mechanism by which such scents can improve brain health,” the researchers stated. This finding opens up exciting possibilities for using scent-based therapies to address a range of conditions linked to olfactory loss.
The implications of these findings are clear: persistent loss of smell should not be ignored. While it may stem from something as simple as a common cold or seasonal allergies, it could also be an early warning sign of a more serious condition. If you or someone you know experiences prolonged olfactory dysfunction, consulting a healthcare professional is crucial.
These studies pave the way for future research into scent-based therapies that could revolutionize how we treat neurological, psychological, and inflammatory conditions. Loss of smell is no longer just a minor inconvenience; it’s a potential gateway to understanding—and perhaps mitigating—a wide range of medical challenges.