Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death, causing 3.5 million deaths globally in the year 2021. COPD is a common lung disease that restricts airflow and causes breathing problems. This disease can cause damage to your lungs and symptoms of it include coughing, difficulty breathing, wheezing tiredness. However, many people still believe that COPD is an issue that affects older men who smoke. Delay in diagnosis of COPD in women have caused greater number of hospitalizations and advance progression of the disease as well.

According to a medical review published in the Medscape, there has been an increase in the prevalence of women who have been observed to have COPD. A 2021 study published in the Excli Journal also explained COPD is primarily associated with male gender as it was believed that men smoked more than women, however new data shows that women are actually more susceptible to this disease and the harmful effects of cigarette on them.

How Does COPD Affect Women?

Quitting to smoke is the best way to slow down COPD and make it less severe but for women, especially in poor countries, breathing polluted air inside their homes (from cooking with wood or other fuels) and outside due to air pollution is also major reasons. More women die from COPD caused by indoor air pollution than men.

Alarmingly, around 16 million people with COPD remain undiagnosed, and a significant number of these are believed to be women. As more cases emerge in women, it becomes crucial to enhance recognition and diagnosis.

According to 2022 study in the Frontiers in Medicine journal, COPD is the leading cause of death in women in the USA. The usual signs of COPD that doctors learn about might not be the same for women. They might have different symptoms, like just feeling very out of breath or having more flare-ups. Sometimes, women with COPD also have things like anxiety or depression, and doctors might focus on those instead of realizing it could be linked to their breathing problems.

Why a Late Diagnosis is a Big Problem for Women?

Research shows that women might actually be more easily harmed by cigarette smoke and more likely to develop COPD. In fact, women who smoke are much more likely to get COPD than men who smoke. Studies show that smoking causes a bigger drop in lung function in women compared to men, and women who smoke are also more likely to end up in the hospital with COPD.

Studies suggest women's lungs might get worse more quickly with COPD. So, a delay means more damage happens before they even know what's going on. Because the disease has been going on longer without treatment, women are more likely to have severe problems that land them in the hospital. COPD makes it hard to breathe, which can stop women from doing everyday things and can also lead to other health problems like heart issues and mental health problems.

Why Are Women At High Risk?

There are a few ideas why women might be more likely to get COPD from smoking,

Hormones

Hormones might play a role, but we don't fully understand how yet. Some studies show they might help, while others don't.

Smaller Lungs

Failure to conceive using IVF can be devastating, but one should realise that one failed attempt does not determine a couple’s fertility journey. The success of IVF is determined by various factors such as age, egg and sperm quality, and the uterine environment, as well as underlying medical conditions. An unsuccessful attempt can also be a valuable source of clinical information that can be used to guide future treatment procedures. It should be seen not as an ending but as a starting point for more individualised and effective care in future cycles.

What happens after an unsuccessful IVF attempt?

It is necessary to conduct a careful assessment after an unsuccessful IVF cycle. This involves a review of the stimulation protocol, the response of the ovaries, the quality of the retrieved eggs, fertilisation rates, and embryo growth. In some instances, issues with embryo quality, implantation, or hormonal imbalances may be identified. Further tests such as genetic testing of embryos, evaluation of the receptivity of the uterine lining, or screening for conditions such as endometriosis or thyroid disorders may be recommended. These insights can be used to make the subsequent cycle more precise.

Mental health

Emotional health is highly significant in the healing process. A failed IVF cycle may have a considerable psychological impact, leading to stress, anxiety, and self-doubt. Such feelings should not be disregarded, and appropriate support should be sought, whether through counselling, support groups, or simply by talking to a partner. Addressing emotional health not only aids coping but also has a beneficial effect on overall treatment outcomes.

Lifestyle changes to make

Lifestyle changes can also play a role in improving outcomes in future attempts. Maintaining a healthy weight, following a balanced diet, managing stress, and avoiding smoking or excessive alcohol consumption are important factors. Hormonal balance and reproductive health may also be supported through adequate sleep and moderate exercise. Small yet consistent lifestyle adjustments may help prepare the body for another cycle.

Treatment options

Treatment plans can be modified based on previous results. This might include changes in medication regimens or the use of advanced procedures such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), assisted hatching, or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). In some instances, the use of donor eggs or sperm, or options such as frozen embryo transfer, may be considered. All approaches are personalised, taking into account the medical history of the couple and their previous response to treatment.

How to time the next IVF attempt properly?

The timing of the next attempt is another important aspect. While some individuals may be physically ready to proceed soon after a failed cycle, others may benefit from taking time to rest and recover both physically and emotionally. Such a break also allows for further evaluation and optimisation of health parameters before resuming treatment.

In the end, persistence combined with a personalised, evidence-based approach tends to increase the likelihood of success. Advancements in reproductive medicine continue to offer new hope, even after setbacks in IVF. With careful assessment, emotional support, and appropriate adjustments in treatment, many couples achieve successful pregnancies in subsequent cycles.

Women, are you planning a pregnancy? Do you wish to fulfil the dream of motherhood? Did you know it is possible to improve embryo quality for successful conception? Do not worry—we have you covered. This article highlights how appropriate lifestyle choices, proper nutrition, and timely medical care can play a key role in improving embryo quality. Hence, it is essential to follow the guidelines given below.

Also Read: Breast Cancer Screening: AI May Predict Tumours Before Mammograms Can Detect Them

Why is Infertility a common concern now?

Dr Jyoti Gupta, Senior IVF Consultant, Motherhood Hospitals, Gurgaon, in an interview with Health and Me, shared some simple tips for couples. These can go a long way in improving embryo quality and may even enhance the chances of conception.

Currently, many couples are battling infertility and undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Embryo quality is one of the most important factors influencing the success of pregnancy, especially in couples who have opted for IVF. Good-quality embryos have a higher likelihood of implantation, resulting in a healthy and successful pregnancy. Even though some factors, such as age and genetics, cannot be changed, there are several ways to support and improve embryo quality both naturally and medically.

Embryo quality is based on the health of both the egg and sperm. As women age, egg quality tends to decline, which can affect embryo development. Moreover, sperm health also plays a vital role. Lifestyle, diet, and stress can negatively impact egg and sperm quality and, in turn, embryo quality.

Tips to improve embryo quality

It is necessary for couples to focus on their diet to improve embryo quality. Including foods rich in antioxidants, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, can help protect eggs and sperm from damage. Nutrients such as folic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and iron are important for reproductive health. It is also important to stay well hydrated and cut down on processed foods, excess sugar, and caffeine. Seek expert guidance when it comes to diet, and avoid following extreme diets independently, as mindful eating is essential.

1. Maintaining a healthy weight is also important. Both underweight and overweight individuals may experience hormonal imbalances, which can affect fertility. Ensure you exercise regularly—walking, yoga, or light workouts can help improve blood flow and support reproductive health without placing excessive stress on the body.
2. Quitting smoking, alcohol, and illicit drug use, and avoiding exposure to environmental toxins can also improve egg and sperm quality.
3. Managing stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or counselling can help regulate hormones and improve overall well-being.

Consulting a doctor to identify underlying issues, such as hormonal imbalances, thyroid disorders, or conditions like PCOS or endometriosis, is essential. Following personalised treatment plans, including supplements and medications as prescribed by a doctor, can help enhance embryo quality.

In today’s fast-paced digital world, convenience often comes at the cost of physical activity. Long working hours at desks, increased screen time, and reduced outdoor movement have led to a dramatic rise in sedentary lifestyles. While the immediate effects, such as weight gain and fatigue, are widely recognised, the long-term impact on bone and joint health is often underestimated.

Medical experts specialising in orthopaedics in Delhi NCR are increasingly observing a surge in younger patients presenting with joint pain, stiffness, and early signs of musculoskeletal disorders. What was once considered age-related is now becoming common among individuals in their 20s and 30s, largely due to inactivity.

Understanding a Sedentary Lifestyle

A sedentary lifestyle refers to a pattern of behaviour that involves prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity with minimal physical movement. Activities such as working on a computer, watching television, or using mobile devices for extended durations contribute to this condition.

When the body remains inactive for long periods, it leads to reduced muscle engagement, poor circulation, and decreased joint mobility. Over time, this inactivity begins to affect the structural integrity of bones and joints.

Impact on Bone Health

Bone health is highly dependent on regular movement and physical activity to maintain strength and density. A sedentary lifestyle can gradually weaken bones, increasing the risk of fractures and long-term skeletal issues.

1. Reduced Bone Density

Bones require regular stress and movement to maintain their strength. Physical activities such as walking, running, or resistance training stimulate bone formation and improve density.

A sedentary lifestyle, however, deprives bones of this essential stimulation, leading to reduced bone mineral density. Over time, this increases the risk of conditions such as osteoporosis, even at a relatively young age.

2. Increased Risk of Fractures

Weak bones are more prone to fractures, even with minor injuries. Individuals who lead inactive lives often have lower bone strength, making them vulnerable to accidental falls or trauma.

Impact on Joint Health

Joint health depends on regular movement to maintain lubrication and flexibility. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to stiffness, reduced mobility, and a higher risk of joint degeneration over time.

1. Early Joint Degeneration

Joints rely on movement to stay lubricated and functional. Synovial fluid, which reduces friction between joint surfaces, is produced more effectively when joints are in motion.

In a sedentary lifestyle, lack of movement leads to stiffness and reduced lubrication, accelerating joint degeneration. This can result in early onset of osteoarthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips.

2. Muscle Weakness and Joint Instability

Muscles play a crucial role in supporting and stabilising joints. When physical activity is limited, muscles weaken, placing additional stress on joints.

This imbalance increases the likelihood of joint injuries, ligament strain, and chronic pain.

Obesity and its Impact on Bones and Joints

One of the most significant consequences of a sedentary lifestyle is weight gain. Obesity places excessive stress on bones and joints, particularly in the lower body.

1. Increased Load on Joints

Every extra kilogram of body weight adds significant pressure on the knees and hips. Over time, this leads to cartilage wear and tear, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.

2. Inflammation and Pain

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which can worsen joint pain and stiffness. This further reduces mobility, creating a vicious cycle of inactivity and worsening symptoms.

Rise of Musculoskeletal Disorders

Healthcare providers specialising in orthopaedics in Delhi NCR report a growing number of cases related to sedentary habits, including:

Chronic back pain

Neck stiffness and cervical spondylosis

Frozen shoulder

Repetitive strain injuries

Carpal tunnel syndrome

These conditions are often linked to poor posture, prolonged sitting, and lack of ergonomic awareness.

Role of Poor Posture

Posture plays a critical role in maintaining musculoskeletal health. Sitting for long hours with improper alignment, such as slouching or leaning forward, places undue stress on the spine and surrounding muscles.

Common Postural Issues

Forward head posture

Rounded shoulders

Lower back strain

Over time, these habits can lead to chronic pain and structural imbalances, requiring medical intervention.

Preventive Measures for Better Bone and Joint Health

While the effects of a sedentary lifestyle can be serious, they are largely preventable with conscious effort and lifestyle modifications.

1. Regular Physical Activity

Engaging in regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to maintain bone and joint health.

Recommended activities include:

Walking or jogging for at least 30 minutes daily

Strength training to build muscle support

Flexibility exercises, such as yoga or stretching

Low-impact activities like swimming or cycling

These activities help improve bone density, enhance joint mobility, and strengthen muscles.

2. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Weight management is crucial in reducing stress on joints. A balanced diet combined with regular exercise helps prevent obesity and its associated complications.

3. Posture Correction

Being mindful of posture can significantly reduce the risk of musculoskeletal problems.

Tips for better posture:

Keep your back straight and shoulders relaxed

Ensure your screen is at eye level

Avoid slouching while sitting or standing

Use lumbar support for the lower back

4. Ergonomic Work Setup

With the rise of remote work, having an ergonomic workstation is essential.

Key ergonomic practices include:

Adjustable chair with proper back support

Desk height aligned with elbow level

Feet flat on the floor or on a footrest

Keyboard and mouse positioned comfortably

Taking short breaks every 30–60 minutes to stretch and move is equally important.

5. Stay Active Throughout the Day

Even small changes can make a big difference:

Use stairs instead of elevators

Take short walking breaks

Stand or walk while taking phone calls

Incorporate movement into daily routines

6. Early Medical Intervention

Ignoring early signs of discomfort can lead to more serious conditions. Symptoms such as persistent pain, stiffness, or reduced mobility should not be overlooked.

Consulting specialists in Orthopaedics in Delhi NCR at an early stage can help diagnose underlying issues and prevent further deterioration. Early intervention often reduces the need for invasive treatments.

Conclusion

A sedentary lifestyle is one of the most significant yet preventable risk factors affecting bone and joint health today. From reduced bone density and early joint degeneration to obesity-related stress and musculoskeletal disorders, the consequences are far-reaching.

The increasing demand for Orthopaedics in Delhi NCR reflects a growing need to address these issues proactively. By incorporating regular physical activity, maintaining proper posture, adopting ergonomic practices, and seeking timely medical advice, individuals can protect their musculoskeletal health and improve overall well-being.

Disclaimer: This article is presented in collaboration with C K Birla Hospital. The medical insights shared are intended for educational purposes.