The Bahamas joins 12 countries in the Region of the Americas, including Cuba and Brazil, certified as having eliminated the mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced.

Eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission, also called vertical transmission, to zero is a crucial milestone to achieve the UN-mandated Sustainable Development Goal to end AIDS by 2030.

The WHO has congratulated the country on its landmark achievement.

“I congratulate The Bahamas on this outstanding achievement, which solidifies years of political commitment and the dedication of health workers,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

“By ensuring that children are born free of HIV, we are securing a healthier, brighter future for the next generation,” he added.

What Is Mother-to-child Transmission Of HIV?

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurs when an HIV positive mother passes the virus to her child during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding.

In the absence of intervention, such a rate of transmission of HIV ranges from 15 per cent to 45 per cent. Globally, an estimated 1.3 million women and girls living with HIV become pregnant each year.

Read: Denmark 1st European country to eradicate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis

How The Bahamas Achieved Elimination

The Bahamas achieved the milestone by pioneering a comprehensive and inclusive health-care model. This includes public health measures such as:

The provision of universal antenatal care to all pregnant women, regardless of nationality or legal status, across both public and private facilities. a strong, integrated laboratory network

a rigorous testing protocol that screens women at their first antenatal appointment and again in the third trimester.

For the prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the country has introduced pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, which is also offered to pregnant women.

To ensure continuity of care, the health system maintains adequate monitoring for HIV-positive mothers and exposed infants, provides multi-month dispensing of antiretroviral medicines, and offers STI treatment and family planning services free of charge.

“HIV is a reportable condition in the Bahamas. And identifying women who tested positive is one of our first lines of defense for preventing mother-to-child transmission,” explained Glenise Johnson, epidemiologist with The Bahamas’ Ministry of Health and Wellness (MoHW).

Read: Reducing Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission To Zero Key To End AIDS In India: Experts

How Countries Achieve WHO certification

To meet the elimination criteria, countries must show that very few babies are born with HIV and that almost all pregnant women receive proper care. The countries must prove they have sustained the following:

• reducing the mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV to less than 2 per cent;
• achieving fewer than 5 new pediatric HIV infections per 1000 live births; and
• maintaining 95 per cent or higher coverage for antenatal care, HIV testing, and treatment for pregnant women.

"When women can test early in pregnancy, start treatment quickly, and stay in care, every child has a better chance of being born free of HIV and other STIs,” she added.

A biryani feast followed by a serving of watermelon proved deadly for a family of four in Mumbai on Sunday. The incident was reported from the Pydhonie area, where an entire family passed away after eating biryani for dinner and some watermelon before calling it a night. They had watermelon around 1.00 am or 1.30 am, and their condition started to deteriorate around 5.00 am. They all experienced diarrhoea and nausea and eventually passed away. The mystery now remains: was it a case of accidental watermelon poisoning or something else? Abdullah Dokadia (40), his wife Nasreen Dokadia (35), and their two daughters, Ayesha (16) and Zainab (13), lost their lives, and the police are currently suspecting it to be a case of food poisoning. But can eating watermelon really kill you? Let us find out.

What are the signs of watermelon poisoning?

Watermelon is a popular summer fruit that people enjoy eating during the hotter months. It is 70 per cent water, highly hydrating, and also beneficial for weight loss. However, going overboard is discouraged by doctors, as overeating or consuming adulterated watermelon can lead to abdominal discomfort and digestive distress. Watermelon-related food poisoning can occur because of E. coli or salmonella infections. It can cause rapid dehydration, diarrhoea, cramps, fever, weakness, and, in extreme cases, even death.

What happens when you eat too much watermelon?

Dr Aarti Ullal, Physician and Diabetologist at Gleneagles Hospital, Parel, in an interaction with Health and Me, said, “Eating too much watermelon may lead to bloating, stomach discomfort, or loose motions, mainly because of its high water and natural sugar content. In some individuals, especially those with sensitive digestion, it can also cause acidity or mild cramps and disturb their peace of mind.”

Dr Ullal also stated that watermelon poisoning can occur when the fruit is contaminated with pesticides, chemicals, or bacteria due to poor handling or improper storage. The symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weakness. These are typically short-term digestive issues but may require medical attention if severe or if they interfere with daily routine. However, questions also arise regarding watermelon allergies. Watermelon allergy is rare and may cause itching in the mouth, swelling, rashes, or stomach upset soon after consumption.

How to check if your watermelon is adulterated?

To check if a watermelon is adulterated, look for an unnaturally bright red colour, cracks, a chemical smell, or an overly soft texture. Always wash the outer surface, as it may contain pesticides or chemicals, before cutting. Make sure to buy from trusted sources to avoid any health issues. Watermelon is safe and healthy to consume, but moderation and proper hygiene are key.

Can eating a watermelon kill you?

Conclusively, it can be said that eating a watermelon specifically should not cause deaths. However, if you bring the fruit home, it is advised to check it for signs of adulteration before consuming. It helps eliminate the possibility of side effects, just in case. However, if you experience food poisoning-like symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

Viral hepatitis B and C – responsible for 95 per cent of hepatitis-related deaths worldwide – caused 1.3 million deaths worldwide, according to the Global Hepatitis Report 2026, released today by the World Health Organization.

Of these, 1.1 million people died from hepatitis B and 240,000 from hepatitis C. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were the main causes of hepatitis related deaths, stated the report released at the World Hepatitis Summit.

Further, India emerged among the 10 countries that account for 69 per cent of global hepatitis B-related deaths. The country is also among the 10 countries contributing to 58 per cent of hepatitis C-related deaths worldwide.

The Global Hepatitis Burden And Treatment Gap

Despite being preventable and treatable, transmission of hepatitis continues, with more than 4,900 new infections every day, or 1.8 million each year.

As per the WHO report, a whopping 287 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B or C infection in 2024.

The same year, 0.9 million people were newly infected with hepatitis B.

The WHO African Region accounted for 68 per cent of new hepatitis B infections, yet only 17 per cent of newborns in the region received the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination.

Another 0.9 million hepatitis C infections were recorded in 2024. People who inject drugs accounted for 44 per cent of new infections, highlighting the urgent need for stronger harm reduction services and safe injection practices.

Of the 240 million people with chronic hepatitis B in 2024, fewer than 5 per cent were receiving treatment. Similarly, only 20 per cent of people with hepatitis C have been treated since 2015.

Hepatitis: Measurable Gains

Notably, global efforts to combat viral hepatitis have also delivered measurable progress in reducing infections and deaths since 2015.

The annual number of new hepatitis B infections has dropped by 32 per cent, and hepatitis C-related deaths have fallen by 12 per cent globally.

Hepatitis B prevalence among children under five has also decreased to 0.6 per cent, with 85 countries achieving or surpassing the 2030 target of 0.1 per cent.

“Around the world, countries are showing that eliminating hepatitis is not a pipedream, it's possible with sustained political commitment, backed by reliable domestic financing,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

“At the same time, this report shows that progress is too slow and uneven. Many people remain undiagnosed and untreated due to stigma, weak health systems, and inequitable access to care. While we have the tools to eliminate hepatitis as a public health threat, urgent scale-up of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is needed if the world is to meet the 2030 targets,” he added.

Hepatitis: How To Prevent

The report noted that highly effective tools to combat hepatitis infections are already available. These include the hepatitis B vaccine, which protects more than 95 per cent of vaccinated people against both acute and chronic infections.

Further, the long-term antiviral treatment for hepatitis B can also help effectively manage chronic infection and prevent severe liver disease. Another is the Hepatitis C short-course curative therapy which lasts 8-12 weeks and can cure more than 95 per cent of infections.

The report identifies priority actions to accelerate hepatitis elimination as a public health threat. These include:

• Scaling up treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection,
• Stronger political commitment and financing,
• Improved coverage of hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination
• Expanded antiviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection
• Improve injection safety in both health-care settings and community practices.

Weight-loss drugs like Ozempic have gained prominence in a short period of time. Now, Ozempic, Mounjaro, and Wegovy have become household names, especially for patients with diabetes and obesity. There is now a new name in the market that is gaining attention, even though it has not yet been approved. Retatrutide is a new injectable peptide that is being described as the next big thing in weight loss. Some are claiming that it might be more powerful than Wegovy or Ozempic, the most popular drugs so far. But what makes it stronger or sets it apart? It is the way Retatrutide works.

What is Retatrutide?

Retatrutide, also known as 'reta,' is a peptide that is currently being tested in clinical trials for weight-loss purposes. Despite not being approved for use anywhere in the world yet, it is making its way through online markets. The peptide is currently in clinical trials. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that can reduce inflammation and aid healing.

How does Retatrutide support weight loss?

For weight loss, retatrutide acts on three hormone pathways that affect metabolism, appetite, and blood sugar levels. GLP-1 is the first hormone, which reduces appetite and slows down the rate at which food leaves the stomach. The second is GIP, which regulates fat storage and blood sugar. The third is glucagon, which manages blood sugar. By working on these three hormones, Retatrutide reduces how much one eats and influences how much fat the body burns.

Read more: Shocking! Study Claims Weight Loss Drugs Cause More Muscle Loss Than Expected

The results from early trials were impressive—retatrutide performed much better for weight loss compared to its counterparts. In a 2023 trial, patients who were given a higher dose of the drug experienced 20 per cent more weight loss over 48 weeks. However, the trials were conducted in controlled clinical settings under medical supervision and on selected patients with regulated dosing. At present, people are buying the drug online and using it without medical supervision.

The effect of Retatrutide on gym-goers

A weekly dose of Retatrutide can support fat loss and suppress appetite. As a result, one can lose a significant amount of weight quickly and appear leaner and more defined, but rapid weight loss does not necessarily mean fat loss. It could also involve muscle mass, especially if one is not consuming enough protein or engaging in resistance training. As a result, gym-goers may lose weight faster. However, the psychological aspect is concerning. Appetite suppression can make it easier to eat clean, but it may take away the enjoyment of eating. Research suggests that retatrutide can affect mood, relationships, and motivation, although scientists are unsure why this happens.

What are the side effects of Retatrutide?

Current research shows that retatrutide can have several side effects, the most common being gastrointestinal—diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. The symptoms may be mild for some and severe for others. At present, at least one death has been reported due to drug use—the patient developed severe diarrhoea, and the case is currently being investigated.

How does retatrutide affect mental health?

Some media reports suggest that peptides like retatrutide affect more than just appetite—the medication acts on brain pathways involved in motivation and reward. This can influence one’s desire to eat food or drink alcohol. Research also indicates that it may affect libido and make individuals feel detached or emotionally flat in relationships.