We've heard how the use of drugs like Ozempic can drive weight loss, as well as potentially boost heart health and cut out alcohol cravings. While a debate on its side effects is ongoing, a new study has revealed how it can alter your food habits. The study has been published in the journal Food Quality and Preference.

Ozempic Is GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

Ozempic is what is known as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) implying that it mimics the body's natural response to food to reduce appetite and slow digestion. While originally created for people suffering from type 2 Diabetes, it has now become popular for its weight loss effects.

New Study Shows Changes In Eating Patterns

Led by the US Department of Agricultural Economics & Agribusiness, the study analyzed the eating habits of 1,955 participants, split into four groups: those currently taking GLP-1RAs, those who had taken them in the past, those who were planning to take them, and those who had never taken them and weren't planning to. Researchers concluded that there was a significant difference in the kind of food they ate.

Researchers also concluded that consumers currently taking a GLP-1RA consume significantly fewer calories than the other groups surveyed, and calorie reduction while taking a GLP-1RA for weight loss could be around 720 to 990 calories. People who took GLP-1 RAs significantly consumed lesser processed foods

During the research, it was found that people on these blockbuster weight loss drugs like ozempic, wegovy and muanjaro significantly reduced their consumption of processed and high-carb and sugar foods. Interestingly, there was a twist in the data story- people taking GLP-1RAs reported that they still wanted to eat high-calorie foods like processed foods and sugary drinks as much as before; they just chose not to, for whatever reason. Those effects could be the subject of future studies, the researchers suggest.

What Should You Be Careful About While Consuming Ozempic?

Originally developed to treat diabetes, these drugs are not without their side effects and can trigger digestive problems in some people. In some studies with rodents, Ozempic medicines that work like Ozempic caused thyroid tumours, including thyroid cancer. While it is not known if Ozempic causes thyroid tumors or a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in people, the company has warned that if any family member has had MTC or an endocrine system condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2), then they should avoid using Ozempic. Some serious side effects of Ozempic include inflammation of the pancreas. It could cause severe pain in the stomach area with or without vomiting.

Using Ozempic with certain medications like sulfonylureas or insulin may increase the risk of low blood sugar, with symptoms like dizziness, irritability, and sweating. Health experts have warned that many people get these gastrointestinal side effects, which shouldn't be managed on their own. It can also worsen kidney issues in those with dehydration from nausea or diarrhoea.

However, in very rare cases, Ozempic could cause serious allergic reactions or gallbladder issues, signalled by symptoms like severe abdominal pain or jaundice. As per Novo Nordisk, drink fluids to prevent dehydration, and inform your doctor if any severe symptoms appear.

When COVID-19 shut the world down in 2020, it also raised a worldwide alarm—pandemics of the future are not a question of if, but when. Now, British public health officials unveiled a chilling array of possible viral dangers that would cause the next global health crisis, ominously dubbed "Disease X." Four families of viruses have the highest pandemic risk, according to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). These diseases are not yet common household names, but the danger they pose is very real—and possibly more catastrophic than the new coronavirus.

"Disease X" was a term that the World Health Organization (WHO) used to represent a hypothetical, yet undetermined pathogen that might cause an impending epidemic. It was used to recognize the increasing danger of unknown illnesses that may initiate global outbreaks in an era with rapidly growing population densities, climate change, and spillovers from animals to humans.

According to a recent study, the UKHSA examined 24 families of viruses and identified four most likely to instigate the forthcoming pandemic: Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae. These infections, with the nature they hold and the experience they have generated, can produce widespread diseases as well as death if they aren't kept at bay.

Four High-Risk Viral Families Identified

1. Paramyxoviridae: Measles-like Viruses and Nipah

This family includes the measles virus and the Nipah virus, both capable of causing severe complications. Measles, while vaccine-preventable, is resurging globally due to declining immunization rates. It’s not just a childhood illness; measles can lead to encephalitis (brain swelling), pneumonia, and even permanent disabilities like blindness or hearing loss.

A 2019 Harvard Medical School study revealed that measles can destroy up to 75% of the immune system's memory, leaving people more susceptible to other illnesses. Worse still, if a new measles-like virus were to arise, specialists worry it would be both highly infectious and fatal—particularly among children.

"Nipah virus," on the other hand, is recognized for Southeast Asian outbreaks. Spread from animals, particularly bats, it leads to fever, respiratory distress, and inflammation of the brain with a mortality rate of 40% to 75%.

2. Picornaviridae: Polio-like Disease in Disguise

The enteroviruses within this family are known to cause such diseases as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)—a paralytic illness similar to polio. AFM usually affects children with sudden muscle weakness and, in extreme cases, permanent paralysis. Although infrequent, its unwieldy outbreaks have put the world's neurologists on notice.

3. Coronaviridae: The Return of a Familiar Foe

This group contains COVID-19 and MERS, the latter still producing sporadic outbreaks with high mortality, chiefly in the Middle East. As the world knows COVID-19 well, as yet undiscovered and new coronaviruses might still appear that are more dangerous or more resilient to current vaccines.

4. Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza's Deadlier Cousins

From avian influenza to seasonal flu, this family has repeatedly demonstrated its pandemic potential. Human bird flu outbreaks have already happened, and scientists caution that even a minor genetic shift may result in more effective human-to-human transmission.

Could the Next Pandemic Be Worse Than COVID-19?

Professor Mark Woolhouse, one of the UK's top infectious disease experts at the University of Edinburgh, warns that a new measles-like virus would be a threat "far worse than COVID-19." While SARS-CoV-2 spared children for the most part from severe illness, a virus in the Paramyxoviridae family could be very infectious, very deadly, and strike younger populations. Lockdowns, Woolhouse says, may not even work to prevent it.

The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and other global health organizations are racing toward a revolutionary objective: developing vaccines in 100 days after a new disease is discovered. That's a stark contrast with the COVID-19 vaccine timeline—Pfizer's took 337 days, and previously, the fastest vaccine ever made (for mumps) took four years.

CEPI plans to construct a library of "prototype vaccines" for 25 known virus families. These would be blueprints, enabling scientists to switch quickly and initiate human trials in record time if Disease X arises.

Nevertheless, the experts contend that even 100 days may prove to be late. A study published recently in The Lancet indicates that had the COVID-19 vaccine been made available within three months of the virus having been sequenced, millions of lives would have been saved.

Are Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers the Overlooked Threat?

Another category of viruses—viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)—also hang over the horizon. Viruses such as Dengue, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, and Yellow Fever cause massive bleeding, organ failure, and death. While some are geographically localized and rare, others such as Dengue are already global threats in the making.

The clinical manifestations of VHFs vary from fever and malaise to intravascular hemorrhage and organ dysfunction. Most VHFs are zoonotic, spilling over from bats, rodents, and primates. Although there are vaccines available for some (e.g., Yellow Fever), several lack efficient treatments or have poor vaccine coverage.

UKHSA's Dr. Isabel Oliver stresses that "infectious diseases don't respect borders." With a world of rapid travel, shifting climates, and vaccine skepticism, the recipe for a global health catastrophe is already in place.

The UK's "Priority Pathogens" approach is all part of a broader strategy to not only identify threats, but to prepare for them with cutting-edge surveillance, quick vaccine platforms, and international collaboration.

India's recent achievement of developing its first indigenous dengue vaccine marks progress, particularly in middle-income countries. But the question remains: will we be prepared when the true "Disease X" arrives?

The answer is not in panic, but in readiness driven by science, global collaboration, and a sense of urgency based on the lessons of our recent past.

Serious illnesses can sometimes go unnoticed due to their misleading symptoms. We all have heard horror stories of people going in for a routine checkups, turning into a deadly diagnosis. One such symptom that may seem normal but could be a sign of a fatal disease is a sore throat.

Experts warn that this common and recurrent heath issue could actually be a warning sign of a deadly cancer. It is recommended to see a doctor if the symptom persists and it "doesn't go away."

According to the Cancer Center, a cough that persists for more than three to four weeks needs to be checked out. Usually, symptoms like sore throat go away withing a day or two, hence several weeks of coughing should be a cause of alarm.

Is Sore Throat A Cause Of Concern?

A sore throat is something many people get now and then. It's often linked to common sicknesses like colds and the flu. So, usually, it's nothing to worry about but, if a sore throat sticks around for more than three weeks or longer, it needs to be checked out because it could mean tonsil cancer – a type of mouth cancer.

Over 10,000 people in the UK were diagnosed with mouth cancer last year, says the Mouth Cancer Foundation. Almost one out of every four of those mouth cancers started in the tonsils.

Signs of Tonsil Cancer

Symptoms of tonsil cancer can include pain and difficulty with swallowing, a hoarse voice, and discomfort in the ear. A persistent sore throat that does not resolve could also be an indicator of the disease.

It is important to note that any unusual symptom that has lasted for more than three weeks is examined by a doctor.

Although tonsil cancer is not common, early detection is crucial for improving the chances of successful treatment if it is indeed cancer. Tonsil cancer is a type of head and neck cancer affecting the two glands located at the back of the throat. Other symptoms of this disease can include a painless lump in the neck. Certain lifestyle choices, such as smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, can increase the risk.

Furthermore, infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) can also be a cause. If individuals experience any of these symptoms and doctors suspect cancer, a series of health examinations are recommended. According to Cancer Research UK, these tests may involve using a small mirror to look at the back of the throat and checking for swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

How Is Tonsil Cancer Treated?

The only definitive way to diagnose cancer is through a biopsy, which involves taking a small tissue sample from the abnormal area. Doctors may also test the cancer cells for the presence of HPV infection.

Treatment for tonsil cancer may include surgical procedures, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs. Individuals who experience any symptoms of tonsil cancer should consult their general practitioner.

In the last few years, there have been many conversations around gut health. These conversations in fact have surged. From wellness influencers to healthcare platforms, everyone seems to be talking about it. However, while awareness is growing, so is the number of people reporting gut-related issues. As per a 2023 survey, 7 out of 10 people in urban India are experiencing digestive problems. Many of them are also dealing with symptoms weekly. A significant number, in fact, on a daily basis.

Experts are also warning the poor gut health is not just uncomfortable, but is also linked with long-term health complications.

Why Does It Matter?

The gut, or gastrointestinal tract, is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. But beyond digestion, the gut is home to trillions of microbes—bacteria, viruses, and fungi—that play a vital role in maintaining health. A balanced microbiome supports immune function, regulates hormones, and influences everything from metabolism to mood.

When this balance is disrupted, a condition known as dysbiosis occurs. Dysbiosis has been linked to a wide range of issues, including metabolic disorders like obesity and Type 2 diabetes, autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, skin problems like eczema, and even mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety.

Why are gut issues increasing?

A major reason behind declining gut health is the shift in lifestyle and diet. Highly processed foods, rich in refined sugars and unhealthy fats, and low in fiber, are common in urban diets. This type of food lacks the nutrients needed to feed good gut bacteria, allowing harmful ones to dominate.

Stress, a hallmark of modern life, also takes a toll. Chronic stress affects the gut-brain axis—the communication channel between your digestive system and brain—impacting gut function and triggering inflammation. Add to this the widespread use of antibiotics, both medically and in agriculture, and the result is a gut environment constantly under attack.

Poor sanitation and frequent infections in many parts of the country further aggravate the situation. This is especially concerning in India, where the dual burden of undernutrition and lifestyle diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease is growing rapidly.

How does gut health affect overall health?

The effects of poor gut health are far-reaching. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) like Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis are rising in India, particularly in cities. Beyond digestive symptoms like bloating, constipation, or acid reflux, people may experience fatigue, brain fog, frequent infections, unexplained weight gain or loss, and skin flare-ups.

Imbalances in the gut microbiome can also disrupt hormone levels, affecting appetite control and blood sugar regulation. This increases the risk of conditions like insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

What you can do?

Improving gut health is possible—and often starts with simple changes:

• Eat more fiber: Include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts in your diet. These feed beneficial gut bacteria.
• Add fermented foods: Yogurt, kefir, kimchi, and pickles contain probiotics that replenish your microbiome.
• Limit processed foods: Cut back on sugary snacks, refined carbs, and fried food.
• Stay active: Regular exercise supports digestion and gut function.
• Manage stress: Practices like yoga, meditation, deep breathing, and journaling can reduce stress’s impact on the gut.
• Be cautious with antibiotics: Take them only when prescribed and necessary.

The gut-brain connection

Emerging research highlights how gut health affects the brain. A healthy gut contributes to better emotional regulation and mental clarity. Many neurotransmitters, including serotonin—the “feel-good” chemical—are produced in the gut, making it a crucial player in mental wellness.

In short, gut health isn’t just about digestion—it’s about whole-body health. Whether it’s fighting infections, balancing hormones, or supporting your mood, your gut is working hard behind the scenes. The good news? Supporting it doesn’t require complicated routines—just mindful choices and consistency.