We’ve all heard the joke at some point — women take longer in the bathroom because they “pee more.” But is there any truth behind this bathroom stereotype? As it turns out, science is more complex than that, and the answer lies deep within the structure of our kidneys.

Biologically speaking, men generally have larger kidneys than women. But does that mean they produce more urine? Not necessarily.

A recent review of autopsy data has revealed some interesting findings. While men do tend to have physically larger kidneys, researchers aren’t entirely sure if this difference holds up once body size — such as height, weight, or body surface area (BSA) — is taken into account. In other words, just because a man has a bigger kidney doesn’t automatically mean it's more efficient or produces more urine.

Size Doesn’t Always Equal Output

However, here's where it gets interesting: When kidney size is adjusted relative to body size, men may not actually have significantly larger kidneys than women. And in clinical settings, women often show better kidney health outcomes over time. Studies suggest that women are less likely to develop or progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD), even though they may report more frequent urination.

So Why Do Women Feel the Urge More Often?

Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause also play a significant role in urinary patterns. Estrogen, for instance, affects the urinary tract and can make women more sensitive to the urge to go.

What It All Means

Ultimately, urination is a deeply personal — and variable — experience. If you find yourself making more frequent bathroom visits than usual, regardless of gender, it might be worth discussing with a healthcare provider.

Because when it comes to your health, every drop matters.

A 31-year-old Brazilian beauty queen, Maiara Cristina de Lima Fiel, has reportedly died after suffering a sudden heart attack.

de Lima Fiel, a young mother, was due to compete in a beauty pageant next week. She reportedly had no major health issues. Paramedics spent more than an hour trying to save her life but she tragically did not recover, The Daily Mail reported.

Her untimely death has sparked grief and shock among her community and followers, and has also reignited concerns over unexpected cardiac events in seemingly healthy individuals.

Who Was Maiara Cristina de Lima Fiel?

de Lima Fiel was crowned Miss Londrina last year in a prestigious regional beauty pageant and also came runner-up in the 2025/26 edition of Miss Sarandi, The Daily Mail reported.

"She was such a committed, dedicated young woman," the report quoted Vitor Tavares, organizer of the contest Maiara, as saying. She was due to compete on April 29.

"I had the pleasure of meeting her in person at the end of last year when she confirmed her participation as Miss Londrina. From that moment, it was clear how seriously she took this dream," he added.

While detailed medical circumstances have not been publicly disclosed, such sudden cardiac events in young adults are often linked to underlying, sometimes undiagnosed, heart conditions or acute cardiovascular episodes.

Also read: US Cardiologist Explains Why 2026 AHA Cholesterol Guidelines Recommend Starting Young

Heart Attacks Rising Among Younger Adults

Acute coronary syndromes, or heart attacks, are on the rise among young adults.

While there are some genetic predispositions for premature heart attacks, the majority of the risk is attributed to the increased incidence of conventional risk factors in young people, such as

• Obesity,
• Sedentary lifestyle,
• Diabetes,
• Hypertension,
• Dyslipidemia
• Smoking
• Substance abuse.

Who Is At Risk for Sudden Heart Attacks?

Also read: Ideal Blood Pressure Reading for Older Adults: Harvard Health Experts Have an Answer

Doctors are now seeing them in people as young as their late 30s and early 40s, especially those with high-stress jobs.

“They mistake early signs for lifestyle issues: acidity after a heavy dinner, shoulder pain from sitting at a laptop, or tiredness from long hours," Pankaj Vinod Jariwala, Interventional Cardiologist at Yashoda Hospitals, told HealthandMe.

Dr Krunal Tamakuwala, cardiologist at KD Hospital, Ahmedabad, pointed out that the real danger is not that these heart attacks are completely "symptomless," but that their symptoms are so common that they are easily ignored.

By the time a person finally sees a doctor, their heart may already be seriously damaged.

“Sometimes, it arrives silently, hidden behind complaints we consider minor. That is why doctors urge patients not to ignore symptoms that linger or feel unusual, even if they seem harmless at first,” Dr Tamakuwala told HealthandMe.

How To Reduce Heart Disease Risk In The 30s?

The experts shared that to boost heart health, the key is to

• Eat a healthy and balanced diet
• Avoid refined sugars, fats, and processed foods.
• Do at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity per day, for five days a week.
• Stay away from smoking,
• Early screening and treatment
• Improving mental health.

Body odour is natural, but sometimes it may signify a health issue. When body odour is persistent, unusual, and/or changes suddenly, it could indicate a possible health problem. Sweat itself is odourless, but when it interacts with bacteria on the skin, it creates the odour that we associate with body odour. Some of the factors that may alter the way the body smells are medications, hormones, and lifestyle choices. Dr Pooja Kanumuru, a dermatologist at Apollo Clinic, Indiranagar, addressed this for Health and Me.

What does body odour indicate?

There are medical conditions that can cause body odour to be unusual or excessive: bromhidrosis; bacterial and/or fungal skin infections; and systemic diseases such as diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease. For example, a diabetic with poor management may have a fruity-smelling body odour, whereas an infected person may have a foul body odour due to bacterial activity.

Body odour becomes an issue when there is no improvement despite proper hygiene. If body odour is associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, unexplained weight loss, fever, and/or abnormal skin changes, these should be addressed to determine the cause and seek appropriate assistance. Medically associated body odour does not decrease with normal methods such as bathing and/or the use of deodorants but tends to persist.

Factors that affect body odour

Body odour can also be affected by the following:

Hormonal and metabolic changes during certain periods of life (for example, puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause) can change the amount of sweat produced, which can also alter the intensity of its smell.

Thyroid disorders, especially hyperthyroidism, can sometimes result in increased sweating.

Rare metabolic disorders, such as trimethylaminuria, can result in a strong, fishy-smelling body odour due to the inability to break down certain substances in the body.

Clinical insights of body odour

It is interesting how certain unusual odours can offer important clinical insights. For example, if a person has a fruity odour, this could indicate difficulties with diabetes control. A fishy smell could be a sign of a metabolic disorder, while an ammonia-like smell may indicate problems with kidney function. Meanwhile, musty or foul odours may suggest an infection or liver dysfunction. While these odours cannot be used as stand-alone diagnoses, they can help guide further medical evaluation.

Lifestyle changes to improve body odour

Diet and lifestyle choices significantly affect body odour. For example, foods such as garlic, onions, spicy foods, red meat, and alcohol can exacerbate body odour, while poor hydration, high stress levels, smoking, and obesity can worsen it further. Additionally, wearing very tight or non-breathable clothing may cause perspiration and bacteria to become trapped, thereby worsening body odour.

Keeping your body clean, applying the right type of antiperspirant, wearing breathable materials, and maintaining a healthy diet can all help in managing body odour. However, if body odour persists or worsens, you should consult a doctor. A prompt medical assessment can identify the cause and allow your physician to discuss possible treatments, including topical medications and procedures that reduce excessive sweating.

The human skin is the body's largest organ, a dynamic barrier spanning roughly 1.7 square meters in the average adult. It blocks pathogens, regulates temperature, and signals systemic distress.

What compromises this barrier most reliably are decisions made in the course of an ordinary day; how a body is cleaned, what materials rest against it for hours, and whether moisture is managed or ignored

Most skin infections, rashes, and fungal conditions during primary care can be prevented. They develop when the skin is exposed to moisture, friction, or microbes for extended periods, which weakens its natural protective barrier. Once this barrier is compromised, bacteria, fungi, and irritants can take hold. Seeing it this way makes hygiene a matter of health, not just routine care.

Moisture, Friction, and Microbial Load: The Three-Factor Model

Many skin conditions linked to hygiene arise from a combination of factors, including excess moisture, repeated friction, and unchecked microbial growth.

Moisture, whether it is from sweat, urinary leakage, or inadequate drying after bathing, softens the stratum corneum, the protective outermost layer.

Softened skin abrades under friction far more readily than dry skin. In zones like the groin, underarm, and the skin folds of infants, this combination creates ideal conditions for intertrigo, candidal infections, and bacterial folliculitis.

Infants represent the most vulnerable case study. Diaper dermatitis, affecting a significant proportion of children at some point in infancy, develops when occlusive material holds urine and stool in prolonged skin contact.

The enzymatic activity of fecal matter sharply raises skin surface pH, stripping the acid mantle and triggering an inflammatory response. Consistent nappy changes, appropriate absorbent capacity, and barrier creams together are solutions to this cycle. When any one element is compromised, either frequency of change or material quality, dermatitis rates climb demonstrably.

For adolescent and adult women, an equivalent vulnerability exists during menstruation. Extended contact with saturated absorbent materials elevates local moisture and pH, producing an environment conducive to bacterial vaginosis and vulvar dermatitis. Clinical guidance consistently recommends regular pad or tampon changes irrespective of flow volume, the interval matters as much as saturation levels.

Infection Pathways That Begin with Hygiene Gaps

As per the systematic review by Bowen et al. (2015) in PLOS ONE, over 162 million children in low- and low-middle-income countries are affected by impetigo at any given time, with most cases occurring in tropical, resource-limited regions. These figures underline how everyday hygiene practices influence skin health and help prevent infections from spreading.

Urinary tract infections in women and girls are closely linked to perineal hygiene. The urethra’s proximity to the rectum makes it easy for faecal bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, to spread if cleaning is inadequate. Changing underwear regularly, wiping front to back, and using breathable fabrics can help reduce this risk.

Fungal infections require particular attention in warm, humid climates, where heat and moisture create ideal conditions for dermatophytes to thrive and persist. As per Gupta, Chaudhry, and Elewski (2003) in Dermatologic Clinics, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and other superficial dermatophytoses show increased prevalence in developing and tropical countries due to elevated temperatures and sustained humidity, which create an environment conducive to fungal proliferation.

India's combination of heat, humidity, and fabric choices creates a near-constant conducive environment for dermatophyte infections like tinea cruris (groin ringworm). These infections respond well to antifungal treatment but return when underlying hygiene practices are not followed appropriately. Dry skin after bathing, moisture-wicking undergarments, and clean, well-ventilated footwear are among the most evidence-backed preventive measures available.

Hence for females, during periods, it's important to have a sanitary napkin or period panty which has rash free and leakage prevention capabilities.

Long-Term Consequences Beyond the Skin

Hygiene practices for adults, including the use of well-fitted absorbent products, have consequences that extend beyond comfort. Improper or prolonged use of adult diapers can create conditions for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Hygiene-related infections place a heavy burden on public health. In India, poor menstrual hygiene is linked to school absenteeism, reproductive tract infections, and delays in seeking care because of stigma. Outcomes are shaped by access to products, awareness, and their quality.

Hygiene Access as a Health Equity Issue

Clinical recommendations are only actionable where products and information reach people reliably. In rural and peri-urban India, access to affordable, functional hygiene products such as absorbent sanitary pads, quick dry & reliable baby / adult diapers, and effective skin-cleansing agents remains uneven. Affordability and quality often sit at opposite ends of the market.

When hygiene products fail in absorbency, breathability, or durability, the burden falls on the user's skin and health. A diaper that leaks prematurely does not reduce dermatitis risk; a sanitary pad which leaks fails mid-cycle, does not support menstrual hygiene management. Product performance, therefore, is inseparable from health outcomes.

Practice Over Knowledge

The evidence base for hygiene as preventive medicine is extensive and long-established. The gap that persists is between knowledge and consistent practice, sustained by habit formation, reliable access to appropriate products, and normalisation of conversations around intimate health.

Maintaining daily hygiene by using the right products and following regular routines decreases the risk of infections, protects the skin, and promotes overall long-term health.

By Vijay Chaudhary, Founder of Lakons. The Healthandme team was not involved in authoring this story