Cold sores are a common and often frustrating skin issue. While they may look like harmless blisters, cold sores are actually caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

What Causes Cold Sores?

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which comes in two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

HSV-1 is the primary cause of cold sores, usually appearing around the mouth.

HSV-2 generally causes genital herpes but can also lead to cold sores.

While the appearance of cold sores caused by both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can look similar, their locations tend to differ. However, it is possible for HSV-1 to cause sores on the genitals and for HSV-2 to appear on the mouth.

How Do Cold Sores Spread?

Cold sores are highly contagious and can spread easily. The virus can be passed on through:

• Kissing or skin contact
• Sharing food, drinks, or cosmetics (such as lip balm)
• Oral sex, which can spread both cold sores and genital herpes

Even when a cold sore isn’t visible, the virus can still be spread through close contact. This makes prevention and management key to reducing outbreaks and the risk of infecting others.

Once someone contracts HSV, it stays in the body for life. While the virus remains dormant most of the time, it can reactivate and cause new sores, especially during periods of:

• Stress
• Illness
• A weakened immune system

Unfortunately, there’s no cure for the herpes virus, but the symptoms can be managed.

Symptoms of Cold Sores

Cold sores don’t just appear out of nowhere. Before the sore is visible, you may notice a tingling or burning sensation around the lips or face, which can occur several days before the sore forms. This is the best time to begin treatment to shorten the outbreak.

When a cold sore does appear, it often looks like a red, raised blister filled with fluid. The blister can be painful to touch, and there may be more than one. Cold sores usually last around two weeks and are contagious until they crust over and heal.

The Five Stages of a Cold Sore

Cold sores go through distinct stages as they develop and heal:

• Tingling and itching: You may feel these symptoms about 24 hours before the blister appears.
• Blisters: Small, fluid-filled blisters form, typically around the mouth.
• Bursting: The blisters burst and form painful sores.
• Scabbing: The sores dry out, scab over, and may itch or crack.
• Healing: The scab falls off, and the cold sore heals.

Risk Factors for Cold Sores

Certain factors can trigger the reactivation of HSV, leading to cold sores. These include:

• Infection, fever, or cold
• Sun exposure
• Stress
• Menstruation
• Dental work or injury
• Weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, eczema, or chemotherapy

Managing and Treating Cold Sores

There’s no cure for cold sores, but several treatments can ease the symptoms and help manage outbreaks.

Topical Ointments and Creams

Over-the-counter antiviral creams like docosanol (Abreva) or prescription ointments like penciclovir (Denavir) can help reduce the duration of an outbreak, especially if applied at the first sign of a cold sore.

Oral Medications

Prescription antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can also help, particularly for people who have frequent or severe outbreaks. Your doctor may recommend taking these medications regularly to prevent future outbreaks.

Home Remedies

There are also some home remedies that may provide relief, such as:

• Applying ice or a cold washcloth to the sore
• Using aloe vera gel or lemon balm lip balms
• Applying petroleum jelly to ease discomfort

Canker Sores vs. Cold Sores: What's the Difference?

While cold sores and canker sores may seem similar, they are quite different:

Cold sores are caused by the herpes virus, appear around the mouth, and are contagious.

Canker sores are not contagious and appear as ulcers inside the mouth or throat.

Preventing the Spread of Cold Sores

To avoid spreading cold sores:

• Wash your hands frequently
• Avoid close contact with others during an outbreak
• Don’t share food, drinks, or personal items like lip balm

Cold sores can be a persistent issue, but with proper care and management, you can reduce the frequency of outbreaks and prevent spreading the virus to others.

Are you a working professional? Have you been diagnosed with endometriosis? Worried about how this condition can impact your career? Well, don’t panic! We give you vital tips to manage the symptoms of endometriosis without compromising your professional aspirations. Dr. Kanika Gera Thakral, Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Motherhood Hospitals, Greater Noida, spoke about the effects of endometriosis on working women and what women can do to not let the pain take a toll on their work life.

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis happens when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. These tissues commonly develop on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or the pelvic lining. Endometriosis affects many women and can impact their daily lives, including their ability to work comfortably. Many women continue their professional responsibilities despite experiencing severe discomfort, fatigue, and pain.

Raising awareness about the condition and encouraging supportive workplaces can help women manage both their health and career more effectively. Since it is a progressive disorder, timely intervention remains key to managing it. In many cases, women live with symptoms for several years before receiving the correct diagnosis, which can delay treatment and affect their quality of life.

Read more: The Right Approach To Manage Endometriosis

The workplace challenge

Many working women who are diagnosed with endometriosis tend to experience symptoms such as pelvic pain, cramps, fatigue, nausea, and heavy menstrual cycles. These symptoms can make it difficult to maintain productivity at work, especially during flare-ups. Hence, women will be unable to concentrate on work or finish the tasks. Some may miss deadlines and meetings due to the painful symptoms. Women will have to skip going to work when the symptoms are intense and will have to rest at home. So, women living with endometriosis may face interruptions in their career growth and reduced working hours. But don’t worry, it is possible to manage this condition and give your best at work.

1. Long working hours, prolonged sitting, workplace stress, irregular meals, and lack of adequate rest can sometimes worsen symptoms of endometriosis.
2. Apart from physical discomfort, the condition can also affect emotional well-being. Living with chronic pain may lead to stress, anxiety, or frustration, which can indirectly impact workplace confidence and productivity.

Strategies for managing work and endometriosis

It is necessary for women with endometriosis to go for regular check-ups and follow-ups with the doctor. Women can continue to pursue their professional goals by adopting practical strategies to manage the condition. Open communication with employers when it comes to flexible schedules can help overcome stress and anxiety. Women should have access to remote working to avoid unnecessary travel due to pain.

The work-from-home option can be given to the women when needed by them. Planning demanding tasks during times of higher energy and maintaining a balanced daily routine can also improve productivity at work. Women should make sure to keep essential medications, a heating pad, or comfort aids at their desk to be able to relieve sudden discomfort. Likewise, using ergonomic seating or maintaining good posture while working may reduce pelvic and even back discomfort. Women should also connect to support groups that help to provide emotional reassurance and useful coping strategies that include yoga and meditation.

Lifestyle habits also play an important role. Regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress-management techniques such as yoga or meditation, and following an anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats may help reduce flare-ups.

Read more: Women With Endometriosis Are Earning Less, Reveals Study

Treating endometriosis

Treatment is particularly based on the severity of symptoms. Women will be advised lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, stress management, and an anti-inflammatory diet. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help reduce discomfort. Hormonal therapies may also be used to control symptoms. Some women will be advised to undergo laparoscopy to remove endometriotic cysts. Minimally invasive surgery can help remove lesions and restore pelvic anatomy, which may also improve fertility in some cases. In advanced cases, surgery can be recommended to women.

With timely care and supportive workplaces, women can pursue their ambitions without letting endometriosis interfere with their careers.

Four years after suffering from a rare neurological condition known as Stiff-Person Syndrome, Céline Dion, known for power ballads like My Heart Will Go On and Because You Loved Me, has announced her return to the stage.

The incurable condition had affected her singing voice and even her ability to walk.

In a message on her Instagram page, the singer announced plans to play a 10-night residency at the 40,000-capacity Paris La Défense Arena in September and October.

Calling her comeback "the best gift of my life", 58-year-old Dion said: "I'm doing great, managing my health, feeling good. I'm singing again, even doing a little bit of dancing.

"I'm so ready to do this. I'm feeling good, I'm strong, I'm feeling excited, obviously, [and] of course, a little nervous," she said, while thanking her fans for the “prayers and support, kindness and love”.

What Is Stiff Person Syndrome

Stiff-Person Syndrome is a neurological disease caused by the signals from the nerves to the muscles not working properly. It affects an estimated 8,000 people worldwide.

It is also an autoimmune is a neurological disease caused by the signals from the nerves to the muscles not working properly. It affects an estimated 8,000 people worldwide.

It is also an autoimmune condition, that is linked to diseases such as type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis, vitiligo, and pernicious anemia.

For some, it can be debilitating. SPS is progressive, meaning it gets worse over time. There is no known cure.

Common symptoms may include:

• Stiff muscles in the torso, arms, and legs
• Greater sensitivity to noise, touch, and emotional distress, which can set off muscle spasms

The condition is also more common among women than men, and affects people between the ages of 20 and 60.

While there is no known cure for SPS, current treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) can help manage the symptoms.

Stiff-Person Syndrome: Celine Dion’s Diagnosis

Dion announced her diagnosed with Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) in December 2022 in an emotional Instagram video. The condition had affected "every aspect of my daily life", she told her fans.

The best-selling artists of all time began noticing her symptoms, such as feeling "a little spasm" while performing on stage. She found her “voice was struggling", BBC reported.

Even though she experimented with her singing to ease the stress on her vocal cords, her condition worsened. She also began facing difficulties while walking.

"It's like somebody is strangling you. It's like somebody is pushing your larynx [or] pharynx," she told NBC News.

Determined to get back on her feet and sing, worked "all my body and soul, from head to toe, with a medical team", French Vogue magazine reported.

"Five days a week, I undergo athletic, physical, and vocal therapy. I work on my toes, my knees, my calves, my fingers, my singing, my voice."

The intense workouts enabled her to make a comeback at the 2024 Paris Olympics, singing Edith Piaf's classic Hymne à l'Amour from the Eiffel Tower.

While a hickey is generally harmless, in several shocking incidents, it has led to strokes and even death.

A hickey is typically a dark red or dark purple mark on your skin caused by intense suction.

According to health experts, the strong suction from the passionate love bite leads to blood clots that travel to the brain. It then blocks a vital artery and causes a embolic stroke.

Embolic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke caused by a blood clot or debris (embolus) that forms elsewhere in the body—often the heart—and travels through the bloodstream to block a blood vessel in the brain.

The Independent reported the case of 17-year-old Julio Macias Gonzalez, who suffered convulsions while eating dinner with his family after hanging out with his 24-year-old girlfriend and later died.

In a similar case reported from New Zealand, a 44-year-old woman suffered a stroke following a hickey.

While non-fatal, the 2010 study published in the New Zealand Medical Journal reported the medical condition “a rare phenomenon.”

In yet another case, the Danish Medical Journal reported the incident of a 35-year-old woman who experienced a sudden onset of right-sided weakness due to a left middle cerebral artery stroke 12 hours after she had obtained a love bite on the left side of her neck.

“Generally speaking, hickeys are simply superficial bruising, and there’s no scientific evidence available that could inform our thinking about this situation as it relates to stroke,” Teresa Roncon, spokeswoman for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, was quoted as saying Global News.

Is It Lethal?

While it's generally harmless, in some extreme cases, it can raise the risk of damaging the carotid or vertebral artery due to extreme pressure.

The carotid arteries, one on each side of the neck, are responsible for supplying blood to the head, including the brain. Vigorous manipulation of the neck, including the action of a hickey, can cause the inner wall of the carotid artery to rupture. (This process is medically termed as carotid artery dissection).

Such a dissection is a nidus, a place where bacteria can multiply, for the formation of a blood clot. The blood clot can then get dislodged and enter the brain circulation, eventually causing a stroke.

How Can A Hickey Go Wrong?

While there is nothing wrong with giving or receiving love bites, it is imperative to note that one should not dig their teeth too deeply into the other person's neck to avoid injury and damage to sensitive structures like the carotid artery or the jugular vein (a vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the skull to the body).

While there are practically no ways to cure a hickey, you can speed up the healing process. These processes can help you expedite the process:

• Alternate Cold and Warm Compresses
• Avoid Worsening The Hickey
• Massage The Area
• Use Topical Creams.