The world that we live in is filled with sounds, some are comforting and some could be jarring too. But what if the constant noise surrounding us is doing us more harm than we realize? There has been immense research that shows that noise is not just a nuisance, but a silent killer and affects our health in ways we do not even know. There are associations of sound causing heart attacks, type 2 diabetes, and dementia.

How Does Your Body Respond To Noise?

Noise is seen as an annoyance, but it effects can go beyond what we imagine. When we hear a sound, it travels through the ear to the brain. This is where it gets processed by the amygdala. It is a region that is responsible for emotional responses. This also triggers a stress response- our heart rate increases, our blood pressure rises, and stress hormones like cortisol flood our system.

This response is also designed to help us react to immediate threats. Especially, if we hear the sound of a predator approaching. However, when we are exposed to constant noise, this response is triggered repeatedly and could compel us to live in a long-term anxious state.

Hidden Health Risks

Many studies including Harvard Health and theAmerican College of Cardiology have found associations of noise with health problems including putting a person at a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart strokes, attacks, and high blood pressure. The constant activation of the stress response can take a toll on the body, increasing inflammation and making it harder for the heart and circulatory system to function properly. Over time, this can lead to serious health conditions like heart disease and diabetes.

Even more troubling, research suggests that noise pollution may contribute to mental health issues. Studies have found a strong connection between exposure to noise and disturbed sleep, which in turn can cause anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. The World Health Organization estimates that noise contributes to around 12,000 premature deaths annually across Europe alone. This invisible threat, however, is often overlooked because the effects are gradual and cumulative.

Noise and Sleep: A Silent Disturbance

One of the most insidious aspects of noise pollution is its impact on sleep. Even when we are asleep, our bodies are not fully immune to the effects of sound. Our ears never fully “turn off,” meaning that even faint noises can disrupt our sleep cycle. Research has shown that people who live in noisy environments—whether near busy roads, airports, or urban centers—often experience fragmented sleep, leading to fatigue and a weakened immune system. Over time, this chronic lack of restful sleep can lead to significant health problems, including an increased risk of developing cognitive disorders such as dementia.

The Urbanization Problem

As cities continue to grow, noise pollution is becoming more widespread. Traffic noise, in particular, is one of the most common and harmful sources. The rise of urbanization means more cars, buses, and trains, all of which contribute to an ever-increasing din. This urban soundscape is often relentless, with little respite for those living within it. In densely populated cities, people are exposed to high decibel levels, which can exceed safe thresholds for heart health. In many cases, the sheer volume of sound is not just unpleasant; it’s dangerous.

What Can We Do About It?

The solution is not as simple as reducing noise in our immediate surroundings, though efforts to reduce traffic noise and limit industrial sounds are essential. Some cities have taken steps to create quieter spaces by converting busy roads into pedestrian zones or installing noise barriers. These measures have shown to have a positive impact on public health, with research suggesting that even small reductions in noise can prevent premature deaths and improve overall well-being.

New health data has prompted the NHS to once again encourage certain groups to get their flu vaccination. Recent figures from NHS England show that cases of winter viruses are climbing again.

For example, as per Mirror, hospital admissions due to flu have risen by 9% over the past two weeks, after the previous fortnight had suggested a decline in cases. At the same time, daily numbers of patients admitted with norovirus and Covid have increased compared with the previous week.

Despite these rising cases, the NHS confirmed that it has administered over 18.6 million flu vaccines this winter, an increase of more than half a million compared with the same period last year. With the surge in winter viruses putting extra strain on hospitals and ambulance services, the NHS emphasised that thousands of flu vaccination appointments are still available.

NHS Issues New Flu Jab Alert

Posting on X, the NHS said: "Flu can be serious, especially for older people and those at higher risk. Millions have already been vaccinated this season, and there are still thousands of appointments available.

"If you're eligible, it’s not too late to get yours." Many people, particularly those in vulnerable groups, may qualify for a free flu vaccine.

Who Is Eligible For The Free Flu Jab?

According to NHS guidance, there are six main categories of people eligible for a free flu jab. You might qualify if you need additional protection or if someone in your household does.

This includes people who:

• Are pregnant
• Have certain long-term health conditions
• Live in a care home
• Are aged 65 or over, or will turn 65 by March 31, 2026
• Are the main carer for an older or disabled person, or receive a carer's allowance
• Live with someone with a weakened immune system (for example, someone undergoing chemotherapy)

NHS national medical director Professor Meghana Pandit said: "It’s clear that the worst is far from over for the NHS this winter. Hospitals have seen another rise in admissions from flu and other respiratory viruses last week. The cold weather is also contributing to an increase in vulnerable patients visiting A&E with respiratory issues and more injuries from slips and falls due to icy conditions, so it remains an extremely busy period."

How To Get The Flu Vaccine For Free?

If you qualify for a free flu jab, there are several ways to access it. As per Mirror, you can call your GP surgery directly to book an appointment, or arrange one at a pharmacy either online or through the NHS app, as long as you are 18 or older.

Some pharmacies also offer the NHS vaccine at no cost and accept walk-ins without prior booking. This service isn’t available at every pharmacy, but you can locate the nearest pharmacy offering the complimentary vaccine here.

Itchy skin is something most of us deal with occasionally, and in many cases, it is harmless. Everyday triggers such as rough clothing, insect bites, or dry winter air can all leave the skin irritated. Itching is also commonly linked to skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.

That said, an oncologist has pointed out that persistent itching can, in some cases, be linked to certain cancers. In a TikTok video, Dr Amit Garg, a cancer specialist based in California, explained that itching can appear as a symptom in four specific types of cancer. While itching alone is not usually a cause for concern, it may become more meaningful when it occurs alongside other symptoms that should be checked by a GP.

1. Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma is a relatively rare cancer that affects lymphocytes, the white blood cells that help the body fight infection. Dr Garg explained that this cancer can cause “severe, widespread itching,” which often becomes worse at night. The NHS also lists itchy skin as a possible symptom, along with:

• A painless lump or swelling, usually in the neck, armpit, or groin, which is the most common sign
• Pain in the glands of the neck, armpit, or groin after drinking alcohol
• A high temperature
• Night sweats
• Shortness of breath
• Sudden, unexplained weight loss

The NHS advises seeing a GP if you notice any of these symptoms. Although they are common and do not always point to Hodgkin lymphoma, it is important to rule it out. Early diagnosis improves the chances of successful treatment, so symptoms should not be ignored.

2. Polycythemia Vera

Polycythemia vera is a rare, slow-developing blood cancer. According to the NHS, it is most often caused by a change in the JAK2 gene, which leads the bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells. An increased concentration of red blood cells is known as erythrocytosis, although having this condition does not automatically mean cancer.

One symptom of erythrocytosis can be itchy skin, particularly after bathing or showering. You should speak to a GP if symptoms persist. Other signs may include:

• Headaches
• Blurred vision
• Reddened skin, especially on the face, hands, and feet
• Tiredness
• High blood pressure
• Dizziness
• Discomfort in the abdomen
• Confusion
• Bleeding issues such as nosebleeds or bruising
• Gout, which can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling

3. Gallbladder And Pancreatic Cancer

Gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cancer often share similar symptoms. These can include a reduced appetite, unintentional weight loss, fever, nausea, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhoea or constipation.

Dr Garg explained that both cancers can cause “intense itching,” which happens when bile salts build up under the skin. The NHS also lists itching as a symptom for both conditions, noting it may occur alongside darker urine, paler stools, and jaundice, which can cause yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes.

One key difference between the two cancers is the type of pain experienced. Gallbladder cancer may cause a dull ache on the right side of the abdomen, while pancreatic cancer more commonly causes pain in the upper abdomen and back, which can worsen after eating or when lying down.

In both cases, you should see a GP if symptoms last longer than two weeks or if you have lost weight without trying. You should call 111 if vomiting lasts more than two days, diarrhoea continues for more than seven days, or if your skin turns yellow.

4. Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a form of skin lymphoma and a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It begins in the T cells of the skin and often appears as flat, red patches that may be itchy.

In its early stages, these patches can resemble common skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. Seeing a GP is important if symptoms develop, as they can assess whether it is a common skin issue or something more serious.

Cancer Research UK states that around 150 people in the UK are diagnosed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma each year, making it a rare cancer. As with many cancers, early diagnosis can play a key role in improving treatment outcomes.

A GP has advised women to make three simple health checks part of their monthly routine, saying the start of the month can act as a helpful prompt to stay consistent. The advice comes from Dr Carys Sonnenberg, an NHS women’s health GP and the founder of the Rowena Health Menopause Clinic. Speaking to her large audience on TikTok through her account @Rowenahealth_menopause, the doctor, author, and public speaker suggested setting aside the first day of every month for these routine checks.

Even if the date has already passed this month, she noted it can still serve as a timely nudge for those who have not yet done them, and a useful habit to follow going forward.

Three Health Checks Doctor Recommends

In her video, Dr Carys explained to viewers: “It’s the first of the month, so it’s a really good day to do your chest check, to do your vulva check, and also to examine any moles that you have on your body, not forgetting your head.” She added that becoming familiar with your own body is key. “When you’re checking yourself, it really helps to understand what’s normal for you. I’m Dr Carys Sonnenberg.

“I’m a GP and a menopause specialist. There is some excellent guidance online that shows you how to check your chest properly, what changes to be mindful of, and which symptoms should be discussed with your GP.

How To Do Health Checks Properly

“For the rest of your body, you’ll need a mirror. You might also want someone to help check areas you cannot easily see, such as your back, in case there are skin moles that look different or have changed. Don’t forget to part your hair and look at your scalp as well, in case there’s anything unusual that needs attention. I hope that’s helpful.”

Breast Changes To Watch For

Health experts stress the importance of staying alert to changes in your breasts or chest that could signal a problem. Making monthly checks a habit is a simple way to stay aware, while also remembering that some changes can occur naturally, such as during different phases of your menstrual cycle.

Possible signs of breast cancer can include:

• Skin changes like puckering or dimpling
• An unusual lump or swelling in the armpit or near the collarbone
• New lumps or areas of thickened tissue
• Fluid leaking from the nipple
• Crusting or a rash on or around the nipple
• A nipple that turns inward or changes direction
• A sudden change in breast size or shape
• Ongoing, unexplained pain in the breast, chest, or armpit

Secondary symptoms may include trouble sleeping, feeling generally unwell or sick, a loss of appetite, unexpected weight loss, and ongoing tiredness or low energy. While these signs do not always point to breast cancer, doctors advise contacting your GP if you notice anything unusual. Always speak to your GP if you have concerns about your health.