This digital era is all about catching up with trends, TikToks and reels, but at the cost of what? Many believe all of this happens at the cost of one's health and mental well-being. As a result, the grades of students, especially in high school, when they are exposed to social media the most, start to drop. However, a study based on the University of Birmingham's findings, peer-revied and published by the Lancet's journal for European health policy compared 1,277 students and the rules their 30 different secondary schools had for smartphone use at break and lunchtimes.` The study found something else, contrary to the popular belief.

What Did The Study Find?

The study found that banning phones in school is not linked to pupils getting higher grades or having a better mental wellbeing. The study found that a student's sleep, classroom behavior, exercise or how long they spend on their phones did not seem much different for schools with phone bans versus schools without it.

However, the study did find that spending longer time in social media or on smartphones in general may be linked to such measures. This was the first study in the world that looked at school phone rules along with the children's health and education.

In an interview to the BBC, Dr Victoria Goodyear, study's lead author said, that the findings are not against smartphone bans in school, but, a suggestion that bans in isolation are not enough to tackle the negative impacts.

The focus must be on reducing how much time the student spends on their phone, which cannot just be supervised in school.

How Was The Study Conducted?

The schools were chosen from a sample of 1,341 mainstream state schools in England. Among these the behavior of student form schools that banned the smartphones versus those who did not ban it were studied to find out that schools restricting smartphone use did not seem to see the intended improvements on health, wellbeing and focus of the student, as one would have wished to.

The study also used the internationally recognized Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-Being Scale, a measure of mental well-being focusing entirely on positive aspects. It is a 14-item scale with 5 response categories. This method was used to determine the wellbeing of the children who participated in the research. It further looked at students' anxiety and depression levels.

It also asked from teachers about whether their students were on target, below target or above target in English and maths.

What Do The Students Feel?

When asked students, they said that the smartphone ban forces you to hang out and chat with your friends and some of them think in lower school, it has helped them spend less time scrolling social media and making lots of friends.

Experts point out that the important part is to help students learn to use their phone in a safe and controlled space. This way, phone-related issues, especially distraction, its impact on your mental health, will be much less. The answer is not ban, but the use of the smartphone in a controlled environment, so students learn to value the "freedom" they have been given to use them at break and lunch.

Doctors in India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu surgically removed a fully developed canine tooth from the upper eyelid region of a 16-year-old boy. They described the case as the first reported instance of an ectopic tooth in the upper part of the eye socket.

The case was reported by specialists at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai in the journal Ophthalmology.

What Did The Doctors Find?

The teenager visited the hospital with painless swelling of his left upper eyelid that had lasted a month. He had no history of injury to the area.

During the examination, doctors noticed two firm, whitish projections beneath the swollen area near the inner side of the upper eyelid, the experts shared in the paper.

A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a dense structure resembling a tooth, with a crown and root, originating from the roof of the left eye socket. It extended towards the tissues in front of the orbital septum, a thin barrier separating the eyelid from the deeper eye socket, and protruded outwards with two tooth-like points on its surface.

The projections' appearance and texture raised the possibility that they were teeth. Dr. Meghana Tanwar, a medical consultant at Aravind Eye Hospital, told Live Science that they had a “fairly smooth surface and were hard on palpation.”

The doctors surgically removed the structure. Examination confirmed that it was a mature canine tooth without teratomatous elements, consistent with an ectopic tooth in the upper part of the eye socket.

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What Is An Ectopic Tooth?

An ectopic tooth develops or emerges in an abnormal location. Some remain within the mouth but appear outside their usual positions in the dental arch, while others develop outside the normal arrangement of teeth.

The latter is particularly unusual. In this teenager's case, the tooth was located in the upper orbital region rather than within the normal dental arch.

Before confirming the diagnosis, doctors considered whether the projections could be associated with a teratoma, a type of tumor that can contain different tissues, including bone and tooth tissue. They also considered whether a foreign object might be lodged in the eyelid.

Imaging and examination of the removed structure helped establish that it was a mature tooth rather than tissue associated with a teratoma.

Why Is This Case Unusual?

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Ectopic teeth have been documented in several locations, including the nasal cavity, chin and maxillary sinus, an air-filled cavity within the cheekbone. Previous reports have also described teeth in the lower part of the eye socket.

However, the doctors said they could not find an earlier report of an ectopic tooth in the superior orbit, the upper region of the eye socket.

“To the best of our knowledge this is the first and only ectopic tooth reported in the superior orbit,” Tanwar told Live Science.

“This was a first not just for us but the world over,” she said of the case. “We were very surprised by it.”

What Causes Ectopic Teeth?

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The doctors could not determine why the tooth developed in this unusual location.

Possible explanations for ectopic tooth development include abnormalities during development, genetic factors, infections and physical trauma. However, the cause in this case remains unknown.

Imaging did not reveal any additional ectopic teeth. Tanwar said the likelihood of the teenager developing another such tooth was low.

Beth Dobbin, who represented Great Britain at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, now spends more than 22 hours a day in bed.

The 32-year-old retired from athletics in April 2026, describing her illness as “serious” and “life-changing.” She was later diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), a chronic condition with no known cure or specific treatment.

Dobbin reached the 200m semi-finals at the Tokyo Olympics and won bronze in the 4x200m relay with Scotland at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham.

“It's life-decimating like I can't even put into words,” she said. “I feel like I've lost everything.”

Beth Dobbin's Diagnosis with ME

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Dobbin’s health began deteriorating after back-to-back COVID-19 and glandular fever infections in the winter of 2021-22, the BBC

reported.

She experienced worsening fatigue, slower running times and soreness in the glands in her neck and armpits. Initial tests by British Athletics doctors failed to identify the cause.

Despite her symptoms, she continued training in 2022. At the European Championships, she false-started after losing all feeling in her legs while in the starting blocks.

Her condition subsequently worsened. She struggled to stand and spent most of her time in bed. After consulting four or five specialists, she was diagnosed with ME.

Dobbin has been confined to her house and bed since then. She gets out of bed only to eat and use the bathroom. Even conversations, bright lights or loud sounds can trigger a “crash” lasting days or, in severe cases, months. She has left the house just five times this year, the report said.

She now leaves home mainly for medical appointments and blood tests. Even conversations, bright lights and loud sounds can trigger a “crash” that lasts days or, in severe cases, months. She has left home just five times this year, according to the report.

What Is ME?

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ME, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is a complex, chronic illness that can cause severe fatigue, pain, sleep disturbances and problems with thinking and memory. Symptoms do not improve simply with rest, and there is no established cure.

Dobbin rejects the term “chronic fatigue syndrome” because she believes it understates the severity of the condition.

“I wish it was just fatigue, that would be a walk in the park,” she said. “It's so much more than that. If I thought of fatigue in my top 20 symptoms it might just make the cut.”

She described the illness as feeling as though her entire body “is shutting down; it feels like you are a few days from death”.

More than 400,000 people in the UK are thought to have ME, although some estimates put the number above one million. The illness varies in severity, with some people continuing to work or study while others require extensive care.

Dobbin’s illness has also taken an emotional toll on her family.

“I'm just so desperate to help her but I can't because there is nothing. I'd take her anywhere, I'd take her to America if I had to, but there's nothing,” her father, Jim, said.

Beth Dobbin Aims To Raise ME Awareness

Dobbin describes her future as “very bleak” but hopes that greater awareness will lead to better treatment options.

The emergence of long COVID, which shares some symptoms with ME, has brought renewed attention to the illness and increased research funding.

She also wants to highlight the experiences of patients who are dismissed or disbelieved.

“A lot of people that have this illness that I've spoken to have said to me 'I don't get believed, people think I'm lazy'. I've never experienced one person that doesn't believe me and that's because, why would an athlete just suddenly stop after 20 years?”

Infections accounted for an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2024, or about 12% of all cancers diagnosed that year, according to a September 2026 study published in The Lancet Oncology. Among these, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that infects the stomach, was associated with an estimated 760,000 cancer cases.

A 2025 study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization (WHO), estimated that 76% of the 15.6 million stomach cancer cases expected over the lifetimes of people born between 2008 and 2017 could be attributable to H. pylori infection if prevention efforts do not improve.

Although infections can contribute to cancer development, they are not the only cause. Genetics, age and non-infectious factors also play a role, Dr. Vivek Kaul, Professor of Medicine in the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division at the University of Rochester Medical Center, told HealthandMe in an exclusive interview.

“I think, generally speaking, I think H. pylori is a well-known carcinogen, mostly responsible for the development of gastric cancer,” Kaul said.

Is Cancer Increasingly Linked To Infections?

The findings highlight the contribution of infectious agents to the global cancer burden. However, Kaul cautioned against concluding that cancer is increasingly being driven by infections.

“But I don't think it's fair to say that, you know, we are moving towards a more infectious etiology for cancer,” he said.

“Cancer is a multifactorial disease state that develops, most commonly develops from genetic and from non-infectious causes,” Kaul added.

He explained that cancer development also depends on the ability of cells to defend themselves against external threats and genetic mutations.

“In many cases, cancer development comes primarily from genetic and age-related issues and boils down to the individual cell's ability, you know, to fight external attacks, such as from H. pylori type of agents or from genetic mutations,” he said.

Kaul also noted that other infectious agents have been implicated in cancer development.

How Does H. pylori Raise Stomach Cancer Risk?

H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach lining and can persist for years. The infection can cause chronic inflammation and damage to stomach tissue, increasing the risk of gastric cancer.

According to scientists at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization (WHO), H. pylori infection is responsible for an estimated 76% of stomach cancer cases worldwide. The infection often causes no noticeable symptoms, although some people may experience digestive complaints.

The bacterium can spread through contaminated food or water and close contact with infected individuals. In some cases, the infection can cause stomach ulcers. Because many infected people have no symptoms, testing may be needed to identify it.

Can H. pylori Infection Be Prevented From Progressing To Cancer?

The World Gastroenterology Organisation's global guidelines state that eradicating H. pylori before precancerous changes develop can help prevent gastric cancer. This evidence supports test-and-treat screening programmes for young adults in countries with a high disease burden and sufficient resources.

Testing can involve blood, breath or stool tests, depending on the clinical context. People diagnosed with the infection can receive treatment to eradicate the bacterium. Follow-up testing can then confirm whether treatment has worked.

Nobel laureate and gastroenterologist Dr Barry Marshall has also highlighted the potential for early treatment to reduce cancer risk.

“H. pylori is much more than an ulcer organism. If the infection persists for many years, it can cause chronic inflammation in the stomach and increase the risk of gastric cancer. That gives us an opportunity because this is a potentially preventable cause of cancer,” Marshall told PTI.

He stressed the need for wider testing, appropriate treatment and follow-up to ensure the infection has been cleared.

Other Digestive Cancers Are Also A Growing Concern

Beyond infection-associated cancers, Kaul highlighted the rising incidence of several digestive cancers.

“We know that esophageal squamous cancer is another example where we will be close to a million cases by 2035,” he said, pointing to the burden in East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and South America, including India.

Kaul also identified liver cancer as a growing concern and noted the rise in colorectal cancer among younger people in Western countries. The increase in colorectal cancer among younger adults in the US contributed to recommendations to begin average-risk screening at age 45 rather than 50.

These trends underline the need to address infectious causes of cancer alongside other risk factors, while improving access to prevention, early detection and appropriate care.