Pregnancy is usually a time of happiness and hope, but it also brings in the unexpected. While there is much talk placed on the health of the expectant mother, the quality sperm coming from the father could dramatically change the outcome of pregnancy. The latest study suggests the risks of sperm DNA damage, even increasing the risks of complications preeclampsia and birth prematurity.

In a groundbreaking research study conducted by scientists from Lund University in Sweden, scientists discovered that DNA damage in sperm increases the risk almost up to double that of preeclampsia, this is a dangerous condition that may arise during pregnancies characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, DNA anomalies also increase the risk of premature births, and this further entails increased related adverse health outcomes for infants born through such conditions.

The next step would be to find out which group of men respond best to methods to prevent and treat sperm DNA damage, and to test these methods to prevent pregnancy complications," said Dr. Amelie Stenqvist, a lecturer at Lund University. According to this study, a significant message is put forward that paternal health assumes an important role in a successful pregnancy.

It focused its research on men, specifically whose sperm contained high levels of DNA fragmentation. For instance, some 20% to 30% of babies born via in vitro fertilization have fathers whose sperm contains damaged DNA. The DNA fragmentation index, an indicator to assess the percentage of DNA damage in sperm, indicated that when the percentage of sperm with a DFI above 30% was observed, they had almost no chance of resulting in natural conception. Even a DFI greater than 20% showed that the chances of getting pregnant are highly risky as the risk factor for pregnancy complications like preeclampsia is much high.

Uncommon Complications during Pregnancy

The most alarming complication during pregnancy is preeclampsia. It affects approximately 5% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide, which can cause fatal conditions for both the mother and the baby. The new findings now point out that sperm DNA damage may contribute to this condition, especially if it is due to assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF pregnancies. The research found that a DFI above 20% doubled the risk of preeclampsia from a mere 5% to almost 11% per.

Apart from causing preeclampsia, DNA fragmentation in sperm is also known to increase the risk for prematurity. Most premature babies experience respiratory, neurological, and developmental complications. Therefore, some degree of early intervention might be important for prospective parents.

Some of the rarer, though serious complications include placental abruption, which is the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall and intrauterine growth restriction, a condition by which the baby does not grow normally in the womb. These conditions though rare are potentially catastrophic both to the mother and the child. Results from this study may help in establishing the contribution of the father in such pregnancies.

Further study into sperm DNA damage is of urgent interest with regard to its consequences for pregnancy outcomes. According to Professor Aleksander Giwercman of Lund University in the field of Reproductive Medicine, "the analysis of DFI should be introduced as routine test in all fertility clinics.". "It could give answers to couples who are having difficulties with infertility, but our latest result also shows that DFI analysis can be a method to identify high-risk pregnancies, explained Giwercman.

For many, DNA fragmentation in sperm is often treatable. Common causes are oxidative stress, age, smoking, being obese, and infections. Addressing these elements will likely reduce DNA damage in sperm for men, raising the chances for a healthy pregnancy and baby.

Overall, the study importance should take into consideration paternal as well as maternal health towards reaching for a healthy pregnancy. Though DNA fragmentation in the sperm is supposed to increase the risk factors for complications in pregnancies, the advances into novel treatment approaches and tests are likely to alleviate complications in many families. Thus the findings of this study offer optimism and pave a pathway to more holistic fertility treatments in the future.

Fructose, found in all processed foods such as sodas and snacks, may not just be adding to your calories. A new study warns about its significant role in the rising metabolic diseases.

The study, published in the journal Nature Metabolism, showed that fructose may be playing a distinct role in driving metabolic disease, acting as a signal that promotes fat production and storage.

“Fructose is not just another calorie,” said lead author Richard Johnson, professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz.

“It acts as a metabolic signal that promotes fat production and storage in ways that differ fundamentally from glucose,” he added.

Why Fructose's Metabolic Effects Raise Concern?

In the study, the researchers examined how common dietary sweeteners, including table sugar (sucrose) and high-fructose corn syrup, impact human health.

While both contain glucose and fructose, fructose has unique metabolic effects that may more directly contribute to obesity and related conditions.

“Its metabolism bypasses normal energy regulation, leading to increased fat synthesis and lower cellular energy, processes linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk,” revealed the researchers.

As the body can produce fructose internally from glucose, the team pointed out that its impact on disease may be broader than just dietary sugar intake.

Also read:The Sweet Trap: How Much Natural Sugar Should You Consume Daily?

The study also outlined how fructose metabolism bypasses key regulatory steps in the body’s energy-processing pathways.

This can lead to

• increased fat synthesis,
• depletion of cellular energy (ATP)
• the production of compounds linked to metabolic dysfunction.

“This review highlights fructose as a central player in metabolic health,” said Johnson. “Understanding its unique biological effects is critical for developing more effective strategies to prevent and treat metabolic disease.”

How Much Sugar Is Too Much?

The World Health Organization (WHO) advises that added sugars must make up fewer than 10 per cent of your daily total energy intake, better yet, aiming for 5 per cent for optimal health gains—approximately 25 grams or 6 teaspoons a day for an adult eating 2,000 calories a day.

The American Heart Association (AHA) is even more stringent:

Women: Restrict to 100 calories/day of added sugars (approximately 25 grams or 6 teaspoons).

Men: Restrict to 150 calories/day (approximately 38 grams or 9 teaspoons).

You're taking in too much added sugar if:

• Over 10 per cent of your total daily calories are from sugar.
• You're taking in more than 150 calories/day (men), or 100 calories/day (women) from sugar.

Read: Benjamin Netanyahu Undergoes Treatment For Early-stage Prostate Cancer: Symptoms You Should Not Ignore

While sugar in whole foods such as fruits and vegetables isn't the problem—it's part of a nutrient-dense package, the problem lies with the sneakily added sugars in everyday products such as ketchup, cereals, salad dressings, protein bars, and "health" drinks.

Instead of being afraid of all sugar, pay attention to where it's coming from. Read labels carefully. Stick to whole foods, avoid processed items. While natural sugars in your bowl of fruit or glass of milk may not be a problem, keep an eye out for the syrup in your coffee or that "healthy" granola.

Natural sugars can absolutely be part of a balanced, healthy diet. However, the body doesn’t distinguish between a sugar cube and a fruit smoothie when it comes to blood glucose spikes. What makes all the difference is the nutritional context.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has announced successful treatment for early-stage prostate cancer and stated that he is “in excellent physical condition” now and that there is "no trace left of it".

The small tumor was discovered during a routine checkup, the 76-year-old leader informed on the social media platform X.

Netanyahu had a surgery on his prostate in 2024 after he was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection resulting from a benign prostate enlargement. Since then, he has been under routine medical monitoring.

“In the last monitoring, a tiny spot of less than a centimeter was discovered in the prostate,” he said in the post, adding that it was “a very early stage of a malignant tumor, with no spread or metastases”.

Netanyahu noted that his doctors gave him two options – either not to treat and keep monitoring or to “undergo treatment and remove the problem”.

However, sensing a “potential danger, I want to address it immediately,” he said, citing his character, which stands “true on the national level and also on the personal level”.

“I underwent targeted treatment that removed the problem and left no trace of it. I went to a few short treatments, read a book, and continued working. The spot disappeared completely. Thank God, I overcame this too,” the Israeli Prime Minister said while thanking doctors.

Netanyahu also advised people to “take care of health. Get checked, and follow the doctors' instructions”.

What Is Prostate Cancer?

The prostate is the walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system that makes seminal fluid.

Dr. Srikanth Munna, Consultant Urology, Andrologist, Laparoscopy and Penile Implant Surgeon at KIMS Hospital, Hyderabad, told HealthandMe that it is the most common type of slow-growing cancer in men that sees the abnormal growth of cells in the gland.

Importantly, if detected early, it is very much curable.

Age, family history, or lifestyle choices are the most common risk factors.

Prostate cancer treatment guidelines have shifted their path a bit in recent years, with many men opting for active surveillance rather than immediate treatment for slow-growing tumors.

However, about 50 per cent of men on "watchful waiting" will require further treatment within 5 years because of the tumour progression. A simple Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test can help rule out the risk, Dr Munna said

Read: What Every Indian Man Should Know About Prostate Cancer

The expert noted that some early-stage symptoms of the disease include

• blood in the urine or semen,
• trouble urinating
• erectile dysfunction.

• Decreased force in the stream of urine
• Bone pain
• Losing weight without trying.

Not All Prostate Issues Are Indicative Of Cancer

Also read: Bob Harris: BBC Radio 2 Host Hospitalized For Prostate Cancer Treatment

Not all prostate problems are indicative of cancer. While prostate cancer is a serious concern, other conditions can cause similar symptoms but are non-cancerous. One common condition is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Experts state that nearly every individual with a prostate will experience BPH as they age. It leads to the enlargement of the prostate gland but does not increase the risk of cancer.

Another condition is prostatitis, which primarily affects men under 50. It is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the prostate, often due to bacterial infections. Early diagnosis can help manage these conditions effectively.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is becoming an increasingly important health issue among IT professionals, who are specifically at risk because of certain factors present in corporate culture. There has been a gradual rise in the prevalence of IBS among these individuals over the last ten years, due not only to better diagnosis but also to the accumulation of stress, erratic lifestyles, and physical inactivity.

What is contributing to IBS cases in the IT industry?

Dr Sudha Subhana Desai, Senior Consultant in Internal Medicine and Critical Care at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, said, "The first factor contributing to the development of IBS in the IT environment is constant psychological stress. Working in the information technology industry requires the ability to meet tight deadlines, maintain high-level performance, and spend many hours in front of a computer while coordinating with colleagues from different time zones. All these activities affect normal circadian rhythms, placing an individual's body under constant stress. This becomes particularly relevant as the connection between the central nervous system and the digestive tract via the gut-brain axis is involved in this mechanism. Thus, constant stress can lead to disturbances in gut motility, increased sensitisation, and an imbalance of the flora. Hence, individuals develop common IBS symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhoea, or an alternation between these."

How do dietary habits of IT professionals worsen IBS?

Further, Dr Desai spoke about how the dietary practices common among employees in IT professions exacerbate the issue. The expert said that the hectic nature of their work schedules often forces them to resort to unhealthy eating practices, including eating out at fast food restaurants. Their diet often consists of foods lacking dietary fibre but containing high levels of fats, sugars, and additives. This is unhealthy not only because it is nutritionally unbalanced but also because such foods may cause gastrointestinal problems. In addition, their unpredictable work hours make their diet and sleep habits less regular, thus disrupting digestive processes.

The role of lifestyle habits in IBS risk

Other lifestyle behaviours typical of employees in IT professions put them at higher risk. Firstly, a lack of exercise, which results from long working days, prolonged sitting, and little physical activity, slows down intestinal motility and decreases overall metabolism. Secondly, long screen exposure and sedentary behaviour have the same effect. Thirdly, poor sleep quality, experienced by night shift workers and those responsible for international projects, adversely impacts the hormonal balance necessary for healthy digestion. Lastly, high caffeine intake is typical of these employees, as they use coffee and energy drinks to alleviate fatigue.

While there is increased health consciousness, along with improved availability of medical care, the increase in IBS can only be partially explained by increased diagnoses. Rather, there is an actual increase due to stress factors and living patterns associated with the working environment of the IT industry.

Treating IBS among IT professionals

In the treatment of IBS among IT professionals, a number of factors must be addressed in order to help individuals cope with their conditions. One such factor is stress management. Professionals must be taught various methods of coping with stress, ranging from exercises such as yoga and breathing techniques to more structured interventions. The environment must also be conducive to health and well-being. In other words, organisations must facilitate a healthy working environment and encourage individuals to achieve a work-life balance while reducing any workload stresses. Professionals must also make alterations to their dietary habits, including eating regularly, having fibre-rich meals, and avoiding highly processed foods.