Can a toothache be the reason for someone's cancer? An England based doctor and health content creator @Choji_ES who posts on X, formerly Twitter on reproductive health related content revealed a case where a man went to the dentist due to pain in his jaw and when the tooth was pulled out, a cancer was found in his private part.

The same case also been mentioned by Baridueh Badon (MD, MSc, MBA), who allows posts healthcare content on the same microblogging platform, by the username @BadonB.

Case Study

In this case, a man went to a dentist for a simple toothache, only to discover that he had cancer. This happened to a 78-year-old healthy man, who suffered pain in his lower jaw and noticed a loose tooth. When he went to the dentist, he decided to get his tooth remove to ease his pain. However, despite the removal, his jaw started to swell again. Confused, the man was recommended for a CT scan and something unexpected happened.

It was Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

As per an African proverb, it is true that the head and the body are one; what affects one may touch the other.

What Is Metastatic Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland, which is a part of a man's reproductive system. When it spreads to other parts of the body, like the jaw, it is called metastatic prostate cancer. But, why exactly the jaw? This is because the jawbone is rich in blood and active bone marrow, which makes it a comfortable place for cancer cells to settle and grow.

As per a 2023 study in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology, titled Mandibular metastasis from prostate cancer that clinically mimicked osteosarcoma: A case report, noted that in men, 11% of jawbone metastases originated from the prostate gland.

What Are The Signs To Look For?

Warning Signs Dentists Look For:

• Persistent jaw pain or swelling
• Loose teeth without a clear reason
• Slow healing after a tooth extraction
• Numbness or tingling in the jaw

These may seem minor, but they could hint at something serious. Early detection is life-saving.

Regular Checkups And Its Importance

Prostate cancer is the 4th common cancer globally and is most prone to men who are over 40. Every year, it claims about 400,000 lives worldwide.

Take charge of your health

• Don't stay long with untreated STDs or UTIs (toilet infection)
• Have regular medical checkups
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• Listen to your body’s whispers before they become screams

Case Study: Cyclist Sir Chris Hoy

Earlier in November, six-time Olympic cyclist Sir Chris Hoy was diagnosed with stage-4 prostate cancer, which was announced in February. This six-time Olympic champion revealed that he had a pain in his shoulder when he was 47, which did not go away. "I was still lifting weights in the gym, still physically active. You are used to having aches and pains, but this one did not go away."

Prostate Cancer, and types

The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. It occurs when abnormal cells form and grow in that gland.

Experts say that not all prostate cancer is deadly. There are cancers that are slow-growing and will not affect a man's lifespan, which is found in 1 in 3 men over 50. Then there is a small number of very aggressive prostate cancers which move quickly and cause harm, this is why regular screening is important.

Chris too has called for more, younger men to be tested, including those with a family history of the disease.

Joint pain in your 30s and 40s can stem from sports injuries, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, muscle weakness, or repetitive strain. It can also signal arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, which can affect younger adults.

On World Arthritis Day, experts warned that joint pain that persists, keeps returning, or occurs with swelling, prolonged morning stiffness, or restricted movement should not be ignored. Sudden, severe pain in a hot, swollen joint—especially with fever—requires urgent medical evaluation.

Dr. Atul Shrivastava, Consultant, Orthopedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Narayana Hospital, Howrah, told HealthandMe that chronic joint pain should not be dismissed as fatigue or the result of a sedentary lifestyle.

“Prolonged sitting, a sedentary lifestyle, weakened muscle tone, and sudden leaps in physical activity can all contribute to musculoskeletal pain without necessarily indicating the presence of arthritis.”

Dr. Rakesh Rajput, Head of Orthopedics, CK Birla Hospitals, CMRI, Kolkata, said, “Sedentary lifestyles, obesity, poor posture, sports injuries, nutritional deficiencies, and repetitive strain from daily activities can contribute to joint problems.”

Morning Stiffness Or Arthritis? Signs To Watch For

Also read: From Better Sleep To Stronger Bones: Here’s How Magnesium Can Help Boost Your Health

Occasional stiffness after waking up or sitting for long periods may result from inactivity or muscle strain. However, recurring morning stiffness accompanied by swelling, tenderness, or restricted movement warrants medical attention.

“Occasional stiffness after waking up or remaining in one position for a long time may result from inactivity or muscle and joint strain. However, recurring morning stiffness, especially when accompanied by joint swelling, tenderness or restricted movement, deserves attention,” Dr. Shrivastava said.

Morning stiffness lasting 30–60 minutes or longer may be associated with inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis can also cause stiffness after rest, which often improves with gentle movement. However, these patterns alone cannot confirm a diagnosis.

Other warning signs include:

• Persistent joint swelling or warmth
• Difficulty performing routine activities
• Pain or stiffness affecting multiple joints
• Reduced joint movement or persistent tenderness

Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the same joints on both sides of the body, particularly the hands and wrists, although symptoms vary. Persistent symptoms warrant medical assessment rather than reliance on painkillers or home remedies.

A suddenly hot, swollen, and severely painful joint, particularly when accompanied by fever, requires urgent medical evaluation to rule out a serious condition such as a joint infection.

Knee Pain In Your 30s And 40s: What's Behind It?

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Knee pain can result from sports injuries, ligament or meniscal problems, kneecap-related conditions, muscle weakness, overuse, or early osteoarthritis.

Dr. Shrivastava said, “Knee pain in the 30s and 40s can have several causes, and arthritis is only one possibility. Pain may arise from sports injuries, meniscal or ligament problems, kneecap-related conditions, muscle weakness, overuse or early osteoarthritis. Identifying the cause is essential because treatment differs depending on the underlying problem.”

Excess body weight increases stress on the knees, while weak supporting muscles and sudden increases in exercise intensity can aggravate symptoms. However, appropriately selected, progressive exercise can improve muscle strength and joint function.

Persistent pain, recurrent swelling, locking, or instability should be assessed by an orthopedic specialist. Sudden severe pain, an inability to bear weight, or a hot, swollen knee requires prompt medical attention.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include physical therapy, activity modification, weight management, and medication when appropriate.

Can You Prevent Joint Problems?

Maintaining a healthy weight, strengthening the muscles that support the joints, staying physically active, and preventing injuries can help maintain joint health. Gradually increasing exercise intensity and avoiding prolonged inactivity may also help reduce strain on the joints.

Not all forms of arthritis are preventable. Persistent pain, swelling, or stiffness should prompt medical evaluation rather than self-diagnosis.

As Delhi gears up for another season of air pollution, cancer experts are raising concerns about long-term exposure to pollutants and whether it could contribute to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.

Doctors at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital have reported seeing GI cancer patients as young as 15, raising questions about the environmental factors that could affect cancer risk among young population.

The discussion took place at a joint international conference organised by Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, UK, on October 10 and 11, 2026.

The conference focused on advancements in colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers, where experts highlighted the need for stronger prevention efforts, earlier diagnosis and India-based research.

However, although many studies have linked long-term air pollution with cancer risk, the evidence does not establish that Delhi’s pollution is causing GI cancers in younger patients directly or that ground-level ozone is driving a surge.

GI Cancer Patients As Young As 15

Also read: Delhi Smog: Can You Really Tackle Pollution Season With An N95 Mask And Air Purifier?

Dr. Shyam Aggarwal, Organising Chairperson of the conference and Chairperson of the Department of Medical Oncology at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, said the age of some patients presenting with GI cancers had prompted concern.

“Cancer prevention can no longer be discussed only in terms of tobacco, diet and lifestyle. In our OPD we are now seeing new GI cancer patients as young as 15 years old which was uncommon 5 years ago. We must also pay attention to the environment in which people live,” he said.

Aggarwal also called for closer attention to ground-level ozone, a pollutant that receives less public attention than particulate should also be studied.

“The latest international studies have strengthened the case for investigating the relationship between air pollution and cancer. Ozone deserves particular attention because public awareness largely focuses on PM2.5 and PM10, while ground-level ozone is a less familiar threat. We need more India-specific evidence to understand the contribution of these pollutants, particularly in cities with persistently poor air quality.”

The question of environmental exposure comes amid wider concerns about changing cancer patterns and diagnoses among younger adults. An observation by Aggarwal examining birth-cohort trends in gastrointestinal cancers in England and India highlights differences between the two countries.

In England, bowel cancer incidence among people under 50 rose from 3.9 per 100,000 in 2001 to 8.4 per 100,000 in 2023, more than doubling during the period. In comparison, India’s early-onset colorectal cancer rate remains relatively low, at 3.5 per 100,000 among people aged 25 to 49.

However, Indian urban cancer registries show an increase in colorectal cancer, while hospital studies have reported younger patients presenting with advanced disease.

Link Between Air Pollution And GI Cancer

Also read: Left Delhi To Escape Air Pollution? Why Health Effects May Linger For A Long Time

A 2026 review published in Epidemiologic Reviews examined 70 studies investigating associations between air pollution and gastrointestinal diseases.

Researchers reported that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, was associated with higher mortality from GI cancers, especially colorectal cancer.

PM2.5 consists of fine airborne particles small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs. Its health effects are not limited to the respiratory system, with research also examining its links to cardiovascular disease and other long-term health outcomes.

The review suggests that prolonged exposure to air pollution may be relevant to cancer prevention. But, an association between exposure and cancer mortality does not, on its own, prove that the pollutant caused cancer.

Other Risk Factors

Also read: Delhi Air Pollution Is Back: What Days Of Poor AQI Can Do to Your Lungs

GI cancers include cancers of the colon and rectum, stomach, oesophagus, liver, pancreas and other organs of the digestive system. Their causes and established risk factors vary according to the type of cancer. Environmental exposures are only one possible area of investigation. Family history, genetic susceptibility, diet, lifestyle, and infections can also influence cancer risk, depending on the malignancy.

Dr. Saumitra Rawat, Chairman of the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, GI and HPB Onco-Surgery and Liver Transplantation at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, spoke about the need to examine these factors together.

“The diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer in younger patients is a serious concern and calls for a comprehensive investigation into the factors that may influence disease development. Family history, genetic susceptibility, diet, lifestyle, infections and possible environmental exposures all deserve appropriate consideration. We must strengthen Indian research to understand these factors rather than draw conclusions from associations alone. Equally important are awareness of persistent digestive symptoms, timely medical consultation and access to multidisciplinary cancer care.”

Delhi’s persistent air-quality crisis makes it important to investigate the long-term health consequences of exposure to a mixture of pollutants. But determining whether pollution contributes to GI cancer will require more than observing that both problems exist in the same population.

Stronger air-quality monitoring, improved cancer registries and Indian studies linking exposure data with clinical outcomes could help researchers assess whether pollutants are associated with specific cancer types.

Studies would also need to account for other risk factors and differences in exposure across populations. This would help establish whether observed associations persist after other relevant factors are considered.

D. S. Rana, Chairman of the Trust Society at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, said, “The international collaboration between Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust represents an important step towards strengthening medical knowledge and cooperation in cancer care. Cancer is a complex challenge that requires coordinated efforts across institutions, specialities and countries. By bringing experts together and encouraging the exchange of experience, we can create new opportunities to advance cancer research, improve early diagnosis and work towards better outcomes for patients.”

Mr. Selvasekar Chelliah, Consultant Colorectal and Laparoscopic Surgeon at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, UK, also highlighted the role of collaboration in improving cancer care and research.

“International collaboration enables specialists to exchange clinical experience and examine new evidence that can improve the management of colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers. Bringing together expertise in medical oncology, surgical oncology and other disciplines helps strengthen multidisciplinary decision-making and supports continuous improvement in patient care. Such partnerships can also encourage further research into prevention, early diagnosis and the environmental factors that may influence long-term health.”

Prevention And Early Diagnosis

Alongside research into environmental risks, experts emphasised the importance of established cancer prevention measures, awareness of persistent symptoms, timely medical consultation and access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Ms. Punya Salila Srivastava, IAS, Secretary of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, said, “Addressing the cancer burden requires a strong focus on prevention, early diagnosis, public awareness and access to quality healthcare. Collaborative efforts between leading medical institutions and evidence-based research are essential to strengthening cancer care and improving health outcomes across the country.”

Reducing emissions and improving air quality remain important public health priorities. At the same time, cancer prevention and care must continue to address known risk factors, screening and timely diagnosis.

When a child struggles with anxiety, loneliness or a personal problem, turning to a trusted adult can offer reassurance, perspective and human connection. But today, children are increasingly seeking advice from an AI chatbot on their phones, often without adult supervision.

Young people are increasingly turning to AI chatbots, not just for homework help but also for relationship advice and emotional support, raising questions about how these tools could shape the way children seek help.

A study of nearly 40,000 students in Canada, published in JAMA Pediatrics, found that more than one in five reported using generative AI for affective purposes, including emotional support or advice. The students were in grades 4 through 12, with an average age of nearly 13 years.

Among those who used AI for emotional support or advice, 57.7% had emotional problem scores above a clinical threshold, compared with 29.2% of those who did not report such use. The findings do not establish that AI use causes emotional problems, but suggest that young people already experiencing distress may be more likely to turn to chatbots.

So what does this mean for children's help-seeking behavior, and are adequate safeguards in place?

Why Children Are Turning To AI For Emotional Support

Also read: Children’s Mental Health Often Goes Unnoticed: Can India’s New School Policy Change That?

Child and adolescent psychiatrist Dr. Kavita Arora of the India Mental Health Alliance (IMHA) told HealthandMe that children may turn to chatbots when they feel anxious or are dealing with issues they are uncomfortable sharing with others. They may eventually begin treating a chatbot almost like a person with whom they have a relationship.

While a trusted adult can offer human connection and perspective, a chatbot provides immediate, seemingly personal responses that children can accept or act on without supervision.

“The concern is that there is currently no way to measure the impact these AI tools are having on children or their development or mental health, because there is no mechanism to collect data on how they are being used or the responses children are receiving,” Dr. Arora said.

She warned that these products lack adequate monitoring mechanisms and established child-oriented safeguards, raising the possibility that their effects may become clear only after harm has occurred. She compared this to the early years of social media, when safeguards were largely absent.

Could AI Change How Children Seek Professional Help?

Children generally need to involve a parent, teacher or another concerned adult to access a mental health professional. Open-access AI chatbots, however, offer a private and readily available alternative without equivalent, transparent safeguarding arrangements.

Dr. Arora warned that children could begin to see professional mental health services as difficult to access while viewing chatbots as an easier option. The potential implications for children experiencing anxiety, loneliness or suicidal thoughts remain insufficiently understood.

Can AI Chatbots Reinforce Anxiety Or Unhealthy Beliefs?

Read More: 1 In 7 Indians Affected By Mental Health Disorders; Govt To Launch NIMHANS-2 To Boost Care

Researchers and parents do not necessarily know what children share with chatbots or how these systems respond.

A child might say, “I am scared of the monster under my bed,” or ask, “Do you think I look good?” Neither statement automatically indicates an underlying mental health or body image problem. The chatbot must interpret what the child is trying to communicate, and that interpretation may not capture the full context.

Dr. Arora also raised concerns about how chatbots respond when children show signs of distress. Simply directing a child to an adult may not be an adequate safety mechanism.

Mental health professionals working with children operate within ethical and safeguarding frameworks, with requirements relating to competence and supervision. AI systems need safeguards that account for children's particular vulnerabilities, she said.

Dr. Mimansa Singh Tanwar, head of the Fortis School National Mental Health Program at Adayu and Fortis Healthcare, cautioned that AI responses can reinforce anxiety or unhealthy beliefs. Because chatbots respond to the context users provide, they may struggle to offer a different perspective, potentially creating an echo chamber.

What Safeguards Should AI Companies Put In Place?

Dr. Arora said AI companies must build child-safety safeguards into products before release. Personalization can make chatbots particularly engaging for teenagers, while monitoring their interactions raises privacy concerns, making oversight and audits essential.

Commercial interests must not outweigh child health, and schools and communities should teach children about AI's limitations and responsible use to avoid repeating the social media experience.

Who Is Responsible When Children Need Human Help?

READ: Women Turning to AI for Health Detection: Helpful Tool or Risky Trend?

AI companies bear primary responsibility, Dr. Arora said, though parents, teachers, caregivers and policymakers also play a role in ensuring children receive appropriate support.

“At the very least, when an interaction moves beyond a genuine educational or learning need, it should be redirected towards appropriate human support,” she said.

Why Human Support Still Matters

Dr. Tanwar told HealthandMe that AI chatbots can appeal to children because they are easily accessible and often designed to respond empathetically. They may help users reflect on concerns and consider possible solutions, but they do not necessarily replace the support provided by mental health professionals, family members or friends.

She warned that increased chatbot use could lead to emotional dependence, particularly among children. Parents, teachers and mentors should maintain regular conversations with young people and encourage real-world relationships.

The goal, she said, should be to ensure AI complements rather than replaces human interaction and support.