Can a toothache be the reason for someone's cancer? An England based doctor and health content creator @Choji_ES who posts on X, formerly Twitter on reproductive health related content revealed a case where a man went to the dentist due to pain in his jaw and when the tooth was pulled out, a cancer was found in his private part.

The same case also been mentioned by Baridueh Badon (MD, MSc, MBA), who allows posts healthcare content on the same microblogging platform, by the username @BadonB.

Case Study

In this case, a man went to a dentist for a simple toothache, only to discover that he had cancer. This happened to a 78-year-old healthy man, who suffered pain in his lower jaw and noticed a loose tooth. When he went to the dentist, he decided to get his tooth remove to ease his pain. However, despite the removal, his jaw started to swell again. Confused, the man was recommended for a CT scan and something unexpected happened.

It was Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

As per an African proverb, it is true that the head and the body are one; what affects one may touch the other.

What Is Metastatic Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland, which is a part of a man's reproductive system. When it spreads to other parts of the body, like the jaw, it is called metastatic prostate cancer. But, why exactly the jaw? This is because the jawbone is rich in blood and active bone marrow, which makes it a comfortable place for cancer cells to settle and grow.

As per a 2023 study in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology, titled Mandibular metastasis from prostate cancer that clinically mimicked osteosarcoma: A case report, noted that in men, 11% of jawbone metastases originated from the prostate gland.

What Are The Signs To Look For?

Warning Signs Dentists Look For:

• Persistent jaw pain or swelling
• Loose teeth without a clear reason
• Slow healing after a tooth extraction
• Numbness or tingling in the jaw

These may seem minor, but they could hint at something serious. Early detection is life-saving.

Regular Checkups And Its Importance

Prostate cancer is the 4th common cancer globally and is most prone to men who are over 40. Every year, it claims about 400,000 lives worldwide.

Take charge of your health

• Don't stay long with untreated STDs or UTIs (toilet infection)
• Have regular medical checkups
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• Listen to your body’s whispers before they become screams

Case Study: Cyclist Sir Chris Hoy

Earlier in November, six-time Olympic cyclist Sir Chris Hoy was diagnosed with stage-4 prostate cancer, which was announced in February. This six-time Olympic champion revealed that he had a pain in his shoulder when he was 47, which did not go away. "I was still lifting weights in the gym, still physically active. You are used to having aches and pains, but this one did not go away."

Prostate Cancer, and types

The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. It occurs when abnormal cells form and grow in that gland.

Experts say that not all prostate cancer is deadly. There are cancers that are slow-growing and will not affect a man's lifespan, which is found in 1 in 3 men over 50. Then there is a small number of very aggressive prostate cancers which move quickly and cause harm, this is why regular screening is important.

Chris too has called for more, younger men to be tested, including those with a family history of the disease.

Researchers from Denmark and Australia have discovered a new virus in the gut that can contribute to the development of colorectal cancer in the body, one of the leading causes of death in the world.

Using genetic sequencing, researchers studied the gut bacteria of cancer patients in a large Danish study and found that Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic, gram-negative, pleomorphic to rod-shaped bacterium, often carried a bacteriophage — a virus that infects and reproduces inside bacteria.

This allows it to produce a toxin (BFT) in the colon, promoting chronic inflammation, cell proliferation and tumor growth in the region.

People with colorectal cancer were twice as likely to have this bacteriophage in their gut bacteria. The virus also appears to be previously unknown and does not match any recorded type so far.

Although the first finding came from a small group, it was later confirmed in a larger study of 877 people with and without colorectal cancer. The results suggest that viruses hiding inside B. fragilis may play a role in cancer development.

Microbiologist Flemming Damgaard, from Odense University Hospital in Denmark: "It has been a paradox that we repeatedly find the same bacterium in connection with colorectal cancer, while at the same time it is a completely normal part of the gut in healthy people.

"We have discovered a virus that has not previously been described and which appears to be closely linked to the bacteria we find in patients with colorectal cancer."

What Is Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer develops from polyps in the colon or rectum, often taking years to show symptoms. The cancer begins when small growths called polyps form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, changes in the DNA of these cells can cause the polyps to become cancerous.

As abnormal cells multiply, they replace healthy cells and eventually form a mass known as a tumor. This process develops slowly, often taking up to ten years for a precancerous polyp to turn into cancer and begin showing symptoms.

The American Cancer Society notes that colorectal cancer impacts around 1.9 million people every year.. In India, it is the fourth most common cancer among both men and women. In 2022, there were 64,863 new cases and 38,367 deaths.

Projections suggest that incidence will continue to rise by 2026, reflecting both lifestyle changes and improved detection.

Colon cancer can be difficult to detect because it often develops without obvious symptoms. According to experts , these are the three things you should do to protect yourself:

1. Timely risk screening

2. Knowing your cancer family history

3. Acting on early symptoms

What Early Symptoms Should You Look Out For?

Colon cancer rarely announces its presence with dramatic symptoms. More often, it whispers — through changes in bowel habits, subtle abdominal discomfort, or unexplained weight loss.

Some of the most commonly missed early signs include:

• Persistent changes in bowel movements: Chronic constipation or diarrhea often dismissed as dietary effects.
• Blood in stool: Bright red or dark blood should not be ignored.
• Unexplained weight loss: Especially when unintentional.
• Abdominal cramps or bloating: Misinterpreted as common digestive issues.

Persistent changes in bowel habits, especially if they last more than a few days, must be taken seriously. Narrow or ribbon-shaped stools may indicate a tumor partially blocking the colon.

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic brain disorder that can lead psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and reduced emotional expression. It can affect how a person thinks, feels and behaves, making it hard to distinguish reality.

The chronic neurological condition affects less than one percent of the global population and typically emerges in late teens to early thirties, requiring lifelong treatment.

However, Canadian researchers have now pointed towards the placenta as a possible source of early indicators of schizophrenia risk.

According to the scientists, the placenta can "record" what happens during pregnancy and can reflect both healthy and unhealthy conditions for the baby, a phenomenon known as the placenta-brain axis.

The theory suggests that when the placenta is negatively affected, brain development may also be harmed in both the short and long term and increase the baby's risk of developing the lifelong condition.

Multiple large-scale studies have found that in pregnancies where babies are born with low birth weight, certain genetic markers in the placenta are altered. These changes are strongly linked to a higher risk of schizophrenia and other developmental problems, such as autism and learning difficulties.

There is also strong evidence that using cannabis during pregnancy can harm a baby’s brain development and increase the risk of schizophrenia.

However, while cannabis use during pregnancy is known to be linked to low birth weight, it is still unclear whether cannabis exposure affects the same placental genetic markers associated with schizophrenia.

How Is Brain Impacted During Schizophrenia?

In schizophrenia, the brain experiences structural and chemical changes that disrupt normal thinking, emotions, and behaviour. Research shows that people with schizophrenia often have reduced grey matter volume, particularly in areas involved in memory, emotion, and decision-making, like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Abnormalities in neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and glutamate, also play a key role, leading to symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive difficulties. Connectivity between different brain regions may become impaired, affecting the brain's ability to process information smoothly.

These changes typically emerge gradually, often beginning in late adolescence or early adulthood, and vary significantly from person to person.

How To Identify Schizophrenia?

According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition), schizophrenia is diagnosed based on a set of specific symptoms. Here's the list of core symptoms:

• Delusions – strong false beliefs not based in reality (e.g., believing you are being persecuted or have special powers).
• Hallucinations – hearing, seeing, or sensing things that aren't actually there (most commonly auditory hallucinations).
• Disorganised speech – frequent derailment, incoherence, or illogical conversation.
• Grossly disorganised or catatonic behavior – unpredictable agitation, inappropriate behaviour, or lack of movement/responsiveness.
• Negative symptoms – diminished emotional expression, reduced motivation (avolition), reduced speech (alogia), social withdrawal, or inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia).

Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine) have found a key protein in the brain which can help to regenerate neural stem cells and improve aging-associated memory decline.

Known as cyclin D-binding myb-like transcription factor 1 or DMTF1, the scientists found that this protein's levels are repressed in the “aged” neural stem cells and that restoring it is sufficient to restore the regeneration capabilities of such neural stem cells.

Assistant Professor Ong Sek Tong Derrick explained: "Impaired neural stem cell regeneration has long been associated with neurological ageing. Inadequate neural stem cell regeneration inhibits the formation of new cells needed to support learning and memory functions.

"While studies have found that defective neural stem cell regeneration can be partially restored, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Understanding the mechanisms for neural stem cell regeneration provides a stronger foundation for studying age-related cognitive decline."

How Does DMTF1 Protect Against Memory Decline And Dementia?

But DMTF1 seems to bypass this limit by helping neural stem cells to keep multiplying, even during brain aging. It does this by switching on helper genes that promote cell growth through a process called chromatin remodeling.

Importantly, this process can restore the growth of stem cells that had already been damaged by telomere shortening, showing that the effects of aging may not always be permanent.

The researchers plan to further explore if elevating DMTF1 expression can regenerate neural stem cell numbers as well as improve learning and memory under the conditions of telomere shortening and natural ageing, without increasing the risk of brain tumours.

What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common forms of dementia and mostly affects adults over the age of 65.

About 8.8 million Indians aged 60 and above are estimated to be living with Alzheimer's disease. Over seven million people in the US 65 and older live with the condition and over 100,00 die from it annually.

Alzheimer's disease is believed to be caused by the development of toxic amyloid and beta proteins in the brain, which can accumulate in the brain and damage cells responsible for memory.

Amyloid protein molecules stick together in brain cells, forming clumps called plaques. At the same time, tau proteins twist together in fiber-like strands called tangles. The plaques and tangles block the brain's neurons from sending electrical and chemical signals back and forth.

Over time, this disruption causes permanent damage in the brain that leads to Alzheimer's disease and dementia, causing patients to lose their ability to speak, care for themselves or even respond to the world around them.

While there is no clear cause of Alzheimer's disease, experts believe it can develop due to genetic mutations and lifestyle choices, such as physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and social isolation.

Early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include forgetting recent events or conversations. Over time, Alzheimer's disease leads to serious memory loss and affects a person's ability to do everyday tasks.

There is no cure for this progressive brain disorder and in advanced stages, loss of brain function can cause dehydration, poor nutrition or infection. These complications can result in death.

Can You Detect Alzheimer's Early On?

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of a blood test which can help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease in adults aged 55 and above.

The blood test, known as Lumipulse, can detect amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease and has proven to be a “less invasive option” that “reduces reliance on PET scans and increases diagnosis accessibility.”

FDA Commissioner Martin A. Makary said of the landmark decision, "Alzheimer’s disease impacts too many people, more than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined.

"Knowing that 10 percent of people aged 65 and older have Alzheimer's, and that by 2050 that number is expected to double, I am hopeful that new medical products such as this one will help patients."

It remains unclear when this test will be available for commercial use across the world.