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The winter season compels us to sit at one place, under the blanket, at the ease of warmth. But aren't we all aware of the dangers of a sedentary lifestyle? And when it is winter, it makes it more so stagnant. Not just that, but now a new study from the University of Iowa says that being a couch potato could lead to 19 chronic conditions. Among the 19 chronic conditions, obesity, diabetes, depression and heart diseases also made it to the list.
Research shows that among many diseases, increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, unhealthy cholesterol levels that leads to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancer are also there. This is why any extended sitting whether at desk, behind the wheel or the screen can be harmful.
The team of researchers from various departments at the University of Iowa conducted a detailed study where they analyzed records from over 40,000 patients at a major Midwestern hospital system. In the records, they looked at the extensive physical inactivity of these patients and how it impacted their overall health.
The study and the detailed analysis is published in the journal Preventing Chronic Disease and studies.
As part of conducting the study, a 30-second exercise survey was conducted. Then, patients were also asked two questions: how many days per week they engaged in moderate to vigorous exercise and for how many minutes per session? On the basis of response, the patients were categorized into three groups:
As per Lucas Carr, associate professor in the Department of Health and Human Physiology and study's corresponding author, "This two-question survey typically takes fewer than 30 seconds for a patient to complete so it does not interfere with their visit. But it can tell us a whole lot about that patient's overall health."
The study got 7,261 responses, and it found that around 60% of them met the recommended guidelines for exercising. These people met the 150 minutes or more minutes of moderate exercise per week. However, almost 36% exercised less than 150 minutes per week and 4% reported no physical activity.
The study also found that people experienced lower rates of depression. 15% of people who exercise for 150 minutes or more, or at least for some amount of time could experience depression, as compared to 26% of those who are inactive. Similarly, for obesity, the numbers are 12% versus 21% for obesity, 20% versus 35% for hypertension and the similar trend was seen in other diseases, and markers of good health, including lower resting pulse rates, and cholesterol profiles.
Patients with no physical activity carried a median of 2.16 chronic conditions, this number was 1.49 conditions in insufficiently active patients and dropped to 1.17 in active patients.
According to experts, the brain is responsible for high BP. (Photo credit: iStock)
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is caused by excessive salt intake; however, according to scientists, there are more reasons. Experts also blame a brain glitch. A part of the brain that makes us breathe while laughing or coughing could also cause a blood pressure spike, as per researchers from New Zealand and Brazil. This could explain why medication is not enough for controlling BP in some people. According to experts at the University of Auckland, there is a part of the brain that could cause high BP, thereby suggesting that the brain is responsible for hypertension.
Experts say that the lateral parafacial region is located in the brainstem. It is the oldest part of the brain and regulates heart rate, digestion, and breathing. Its action causes one to exhale during a cough, laugh, or workout. These actions are driven by abdominal muscles. Researchers also found that this area could connect to the nerves that tighten blood vessels and raise blood pressure. However, it is possible to reverse this action by inactivating this region.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition wherein blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels with too much force. Initially, it has no symptoms, but it is a silent killer. Over time, untreated high BP can lead to a stroke or a heart attack. While it is mostly believed to be a consequence of smoking, drinking alcohol, eating salty foods, and not exercising, experts have found other causes as well. As per research by the University of São Paulo in Brazil and the University of Auckland in New Zealand, published in the journal Circulation Research, rat brains had their brain cells in the lateral parafacial region switched off.
Researchers in the study successfully reactivated neurons in some rats and found that brain circuits ultimately raised BP. Experts mapped out what happened and compared it with rats that did not have hypertension. In the hypertensive group, lateral parafacial region neurons were helping with breathing but were also raising BP. This suggests that changes in breathing, which involve abdominal muscle contractions, can also trigger high BP. This is why patients with sleep apnoea experience interrupted breathing while sleeping and high blood pressure.
Apart from normal breathing, lateral parafacial region neurons are activated when oxygen levels are low. Experts also checked whether they could trigger the brainstem with medication. They noted that it was tricky because drugs would work on the entire brain and not a specific region. It could be activated by signals from the neck cells near the carotid artery. These can be safely targeted with medication.
To control persistent high BP, medication every day is a must. But to intensify the benefits, try the following simple tricks:
Feeling energetic, too, begins with eating right. (Photo credit: iStock)
We live in a world where the option of not turning to medication is almost non-existent. While once issues like fatigue and body aches were restricted to the elderly, it has now started to appear in youngsters as well. Many people depend on drugs for immediate relief in today's fast-paced world. Medication can help, but the best way to stay healthy is to make beneficial habits every day. But according to Dr. Mandeep Singh Basu, Director of Mirasa Ayurveda, there are some small, regular changes that can be made to your lifestyle for quicker healing, balance, and better immunity. You may start making five simple yet effective adjustments right away.
By adopting a mindful way of living, you may greatly enhance your physical, mental, and emotional well-being without having to rely on medication. You may also achieve full health and wellness by making relatively simple adjustments to how you live your life every day.
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Vaccination has been the most powerful and effective tool in modern medicine that improves the body's immune system and fights off diseases, saving millions of lives annually.
Vaccines reduce the risk of getting a disease by working with your body’s natural defenses to build protection. Vaccines are available to prevent more than 30 life-threatening diseases and infections, helping people of all ages live longer, healthier lives.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), immunization currently prevents 3.5 million to 5 million deaths every year from diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), influenza, and measles.
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While vaccines are available for both young and old, former director of AIIMS New Delhi, Dr Randeep Guleria, in a post on social media platform Instagram, urged doctors to recommend these based on people's age and the presence of comorbidities.
“Two very important factors one has to consider when recommending a vaccine for the adult population. One is the age, and if you have a patient over the age of 60 years, vaccination is definitely something you should recommend, or if a patient has associated comorbidities which increase the chance of vaccine-preventable diseases,” said the noted pulmonologist from Medanta Hospitals, Gurugram, in a Doctor's Special Series.
He recommended doctors to prescribe six types of vaccines for adults, namely:
“It can be given as a pre-winter vaccine, which is a northern hemisphere vaccine, or it can be given in May or June when it is a southern hemisphere vaccine,” he added.
A flu vaccine typically reduces the risk of influenza infection, prevents severe illness, and complications.
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“For the pneumococcal vaccine, we now have a conjugate vaccine, which is available as PCV20, which is once in a lifetime, and that has made things much more easier,” Dr. Guleria said.
The PCV20 vaccine guards against 20 strains of pneumococcal bacteria. It also prevents serious pneumonia, invasive infections, and related complications. It is recommended for adults aged over 65 and those with weakened immune systems.
The vaccine against shingles prevents the risk of viral infection that causes a painful rash and nerve damage. It also helps prevent long-term nerve pain and prevents serious complications from shingles. The vaccine is safe for adults 50 and older.
The Tdap vaccine protects against pertussis infection, also known as whooping cough. It guards against tetanus infections and reduces the risk of diphtheria and related complications.
Beyond cervical cancer, the HPV vaccine also protects against anal and throat cancer. It prevents 90 percent of HPV-related cancers, is safe, and effective. It also prevents genital warts.
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