Alcohol is injurious to your health, there is no doubt about it. But what happens when you combine it with your medications? It leads to serious health consequences. While many people think a single drink might not hurt, the truth is that even small amounts of alcohol can interact dangerously with some drugs. So how much should you wait after having that glass of wine before you could pop in your pills? And more importantly, why alcohol and medications are a risky combination?

When alcohol interacts with medications, the effects can range from mild to life-threatening. Common symptoms include drowsiness, dizziness, impaired judgment, and trouble concentrating. More severe consequences include liver damage, irregular heartbeats, and, in rare cases, death. These risks depend on several factors, such as the type of medication, the amount of alcohol consumed, and individual factors like age, sex, and metabolism.

When Can You Drink After Taking Medications?

The time when alcohol should be taken after taking any sort of pills varies widely based on the drug involved. Some medications may require only a few hours of abstinence, while others necessitate waiting days or even weeks.

Antihistamines, like diphenhydramine and loratadine, are medications used to treat seasonal allergies. Alcohol increases the sedative effects of these drugs, leading to heightened drowsiness and a higher risk of accidents. You should avoid alcohol entirely while taking these medications.

Antibiotics and Antifungals such as metronidazole and ketoconazole treat various bacterial and fungal infections. Combining these with alcohol can cause nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, or even liver damage. Always check with your healthcare provider, but a general rule is to wait 48-72 hours after your last dose before drinking.

Mixing Antidepressants and Anti-Anxiety Medications with alcohol can worsen symptoms like dizziness, drowsiness, and impaired motor skills. Some antidepressants, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), can lead to dangerous spikes in blood pressure when combined with alcohol.

Medications That Require Extra Caution

Certain drug categories pose particularly high risks when combined with alcohol:

• Blood Thinners including warfarin increase the risk of severe bleeding when paired with alcohol.
• Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs like statins can lead to liver damage if combined with excessive alcohol.
• Painkillers like Opioids and over-the-counter drugs like acetaminophen can cause slowed breathing, liver damage, or overdose when mixed with alcohol.
• Sleeping Pills combining alcohol with sedatives increases the risk of slowed breathing, impaired motor skills, and even death.

It is pertinent to note that age and sex also influence how alcohol interacts with medications. Older adults metabolize alcohol more slowly and are more likely to be on multiple medications, increasing their risk. Similarly, people assigned female at birth generally have higher blood alcohol levels than their male counterparts, making them more susceptible to interactions.

Dietary supplements are already part of many people’s daily habits, especially at the start of the year when health goals are front of mind. What many may not realise is that there is one supplement the Government says everyone should be taking through the colder months. Health guidance recommends a small daily dose of vitamin D for everyone in the UK from around October to late March, as sunlight levels are too low for the body to produce enough on its own. Vitamin D supplements are easy to find and come in several forms, including tablets, capsules, gummies and liquid drops. Here is a simple breakdown of what vitamin D is and why it matters.

What Is Vitamin D?

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps control calcium and phosphate levels in the body. These minerals work together to support healthy bones, teeth and muscles.

When vitamin D levels are too low, children can develop rickets, a condition that causes bones to become soft and weak. In adults, deficiency may lead to osteomalacia, which can result in bone pain, muscle weakness and a higher risk of fractures.

What Does The Government Recommend?

UK health advice states that everyone should take a daily supplement containing 10 micrograms, or 400 international units, of vitamin D during autumn and winter.

This amount is considered sufficient to maintain general wellbeing, particularly bone and muscle health, at a time of year when sunlight alone is not enough for vitamin D production.

Official guidance explains: “This advice is particularly important for people who have little exposure to sunlight during spring and summer, including those living in residential or nursing care homes, people in prisons, and individuals who regularly wear clothing that covers most of their skin when outdoors.

“These groups are at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency. People with darker skin tones, such as those from African, African-Caribbean or South Asian backgrounds, may also struggle to get enough vitamin D from sunlight alone.

“All of these groups are advised to take a vitamin D supplement throughout the year, in line with standard government dietary guidance.”

A scheme that once allowed eligible people to apply for free vitamin D supplements was available previously, but this programme ended in 2021.

Where Can You Get Vitamin D?

Between late March or early April and the end of September, most people can produce enough vitamin D naturally through sun exposure. The body creates vitamin D when UV-B rays from sunlight reach the skin.

Vitamin D is also present in certain foods, including oily fish, red meat, egg yolks, and fortified products such as some spreads and breakfast cereals.

Supplements can be bought easily from pharmacies and supermarkets, with some costing as little as 2p per day. Vitamin D3 is generally the preferred form.

Can You Get Too Much Vitamin D?

Yes. While sunlight does not cause vitamin D overdose, taking excessive supplements over a long period can lead to a build-up of calcium in the body. This can weaken bones and cause damage to the kidneys and heart.

For most people, a daily intake of 10 micrograms is sufficient. NHS advice states that adults should not take more than 100 micrograms, or 4,000IU, per day, as higher amounts may be harmful.

If a doctor has advised a different dosage based on your individual health needs, it is important to follow their guidance.

Concerns around fertility and vaccines often surface when people plan a family, and the HPV vaccine is no exception. Many women and men worry that getting vaccinated today could affect their ability to conceive later in life. Medical experts, however, say this fear is misplaced. According to fertility specialists, there is no evidence linking the HPV vaccine to reduced fertility. In fact, the vaccine may play a quiet but important role in protecting reproductive health over the long term.

Does The HPV Vaccine Affect Fertility?

The short and clear answer is no. The HPV vaccine does not negatively affect fertility in women or men. Dr. Madhu Patil, Consultant and Fertility Specialist at Motherhood Fertility and IVF, Sarjapur, Bangalore, explains that there is no scientific proof showing the vaccine causes fertility problems of any kind.

She notes that concerns often arise from misinformation rather than medical data. Extensive research and global vaccination programmes have consistently shown that people who receive the HPV vaccine do not experience reduced chances of conceiving in the future.

How HPV Infection Can Threaten Future Fertility

While the vaccine itself does not harm fertility, an untreated HPV infection can. HPV is the leading cause of nearly all cervical cancer cases. As per Dr Patil, “treatment for cervical cancer often involves procedures such as cone biopsy or LEEP, which can weaken the cervix. In more advanced cases, radiation or chemotherapy may be required.”

These treatments can reduce a woman’s ability to conceive and, in some cases, make it difficult to carry a pregnancy to full term. By preventing HPV-related cancers in the first place, the vaccine helps preserve the reproductive system and lowers the risk of fertility-compromising treatments later in life.

Why The HPV Vaccine Supports Reproductive Health

Dr. Patil points out that the HPV vaccine should be viewed as a protective measure rather than a risk. By stopping high-risk HPV strains from causing cancer or precancerous changes, the vaccine helps maintain cervical health. A healthy cervix and reproductive system are key factors in natural conception and safe pregnancies.

In this way, the vaccine indirectly supports fertility by reducing the likelihood of medical interventions that could interfere with reproductive function.

When Should the HPV Vaccine Be Taken?

Health experts recommend starting HPV vaccination at ages 11 or 12. At this stage, the immune response is strongest, and the vaccine offers protection well before any potential exposure to the virus. Dr. Patil strongly encourages parents to consult a gynaecologist and consider timely vaccination for their children.

That said, adults who missed vaccination earlier can still benefit. Many women and men receive the vaccine later in life after discussing it with their doctor.

Why Men Should Also Get The HPV Vaccine

The HPV vaccine is not only for women. Dr. Patil stresses that men should also be vaccinated, as HPV can cause cancers and genital warts that affect sexual health. Vaccination in men also reduces transmission to partners, adding another layer of protection for couples planning a family.

By limiting the spread of HPV, vaccination helps safeguard the reproductive and sexual health of both partners.

There is no evidence that the HPV vaccine reduces fertility. On the contrary, it helps prevent cancers and medical treatments that can threaten the ability to conceive or carry a pregnancy. Experts advise speaking with a gynaecologist, understanding the benefits, and making an informed decision based on medical facts rather than fear.

A three-year-old girl was left partially blind after what first seemed like a routine ear infection was later diagnosed as a life-threatening brain tumour. As per Express UK, Chloe Kefford was rushed to A&E when she started experiencing car sickness and balance problems. Doctors initially diagnosed her with an ear infection and sent her home with antihistamines. But as Chloe’s condition worsened, her parents insisted on further testing, which revealed a tumour affecting her optic nerve.

Ear Infection Symptoms Masked A Life-Threatening Diagnosis

Chloe, from Formby, Merseyside, underwent open brain surgery and faced three-and-a-half years of treatment, including proton beam therapy last year, after experiencing two relapses. Proton beam therapy uses high-energy protons to precisely target the tumour, limiting damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Open Brain Surgery And Years Of Intensive Treatment Followed

Now nine years old, Chloe has been honoured with a special award from Cancer Research UK for her bravery throughout her treatment. She received her initial care at St George’s Hospital in London and The Royal Marsden, before being transferred to Alder Hey in Liverpool.

Proton Beam Therapy Used After Cancer Relapsed Twice

Chloe’s mother, Nikki, 38, recalled that the family had been planning a move from Surrey to Merseyside before Chloe fell ill. As per Express UK, she said: “The house was already sold and we were planning our new life by the beach when Chloe became ill. Then we ended up moving and having to isolate for months. She relapsed not long after we moved and had more chemotherapy, then she rang the bell in April last year, but unfortunately, she relapsed again in July. So, we were supposed to be going on holiday to Disneyland in Paris and instead we went to Manchester for six weeks for Chloe to have proton beam therapy.”

Nikki added: “She is partially sighted now and has no peripheral vision; one eye is particularly badly affected. The main aim now is to preserve what eyesight she has left. We’re hopeful that the recent targeted treatment has got the cancer once and for all. She’s on steroids at the moment and is being monitored with three-monthly scans. She’s still in recovery and struggles with fatigue from the treatment, but we hope she’ll have a bit more energy soon. She’s our little ray of sunshine.”

Each year, around 400 children and young people in the North West are diagnosed with cancer. Advances in treatment and research are helping make therapies more effective and less harmful. Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool is one of several centres across the UK taking part in pioneering clinical trials offering innovative new treatments.

In 2018, Cancer Research UK launched the Children’s Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, supported by TK Maxx. The virtual centre brings together international experts in children’s brain tumour research to transform how treatments are developed. Every child nominated for a Star Award receives this recognition, which is endorsed by celebrities including JoJo Siwa and Pixie Lott.

Cancer Research UK spokesperson Jemma Humphreys said: “After everything Chloe’s been through, it’s been an absolute privilege to celebrate her incredible courage with a Star Award.”