Human metapneumovirus or the HMPV is a respiratory disease that causes flu or cold-like symptoms. But, why is this in the news suddenly? This is because the cases have surged rapidly in China, especially among children, as per the local authorities. The country's Centre for Disease Control (CDC) warned people to take precautions with health and hygiene.

After China, Malaysia too reported a 45% surge in 2024. Not too far away, Hong Kong too reported cases, though the numbers of cases are low, but the people are now more vigilant. The virus has also reached India, with a total of 7 cases as of now.

What is HMPV?

As per the 2022 study titled Zoonotic Origins of Human Metapneumovirus: A Journey from Birds to Humans, the metapneumovirus are member of the family Pneumoviridae and have been identified earlier in birds, also known as the avian metapneumoviruses (AMPV). This is why HMPV and AMPV are closely related.

HMPV was first discovered in 2001, however, studies show that it has been circulating for at least 50 years.

Is it emerging as a health concern?

Dr RR Dutta says that there has been no significant increase in respiratory illness cases beyond the expected seasonal variations. "HMPV s a respiratory virus that usually causes mild symptoms like cough, fever, and nasal congestion, similar to the common cold. In certain vulnerable groups, such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems, it may lead to flu-like symptoms or complications like bronchitis or pneumonia. However, there is no cause for concern at this time as the situation remains under control," says the doctor.

Read more about HMPV cases here.

The best way to detect it is by observing the symptoms, which include:

• Fever
• Coughing
• Nasal congestion
• Runny Nose
• Sore Throat
• Nausea and vomiting

Dr Shelly Mahajan recommends getting the accurate diagnosis through RT-PCR tests for identifying the virus's genetic material, antibody tests to detect past exposure and comprehensive blood panels to assess any associated complication. " In some cases, imaging such as chest X-rays or CT scans may be recommended to evaluate respiratory involvement. Individuals must stay informed through credible sources and adhere to public health guidelines issued by authorities," the doctor points out.

What are the best ways to prevent it?

Dr Akanksha Dwivedi says, "HMPV is not a killer disease. It was present around us for a long time," so instead of fearing, it is important to stay vigilant and be aware of the preventive measure.

She mentions these following steps to ensure safety around you:

• Hand hygiene: Regularly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

• Avoid touching your face: Refrain from touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands to prevent the transfer of viruses.

• Maintain distance: Keep a safe distance from individuals exhibiting symptoms of respiratory illness.

• Disinfect surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.

• Respiratory etiquette: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.

Will HMPV become a pandemic?

Experts currently assess the risk as low. HMPV is not a new virus, points out Dr Dwivedi, it was first identified in 2001 and has been circulating globally since then. "While recent surges in cases have been reported in countries like China and India, the virus typically causes mild illness in the general population. Health authorities are monitoring the situation closely, but there is no indication at this time that HMPV poses a pandemic threat comparable to COVID-19."

She also points out the effectiveness of homeopathy in dealing with the symptoms as it prevents organs from progressive damage. It further reduces dependency on steroids and bronchodilators, while providing natural and holistic remedies with minimal side effects.

Dr. Shelly (Mittal) Mahajan is the Lab Director & Clinical Lead at Mahajan Imaging Labs; Dr. RR Dutta is the HOD, Internal Medicine at Paras Health, Gurugram; Dr. Akansha Dwivedi is a Senior Consultant at Homoeo Amigo.

For decades, the ideal age for women to become mothers was firmly rooted in the 20s—a peak period conventionally tied to prime fertility, social norms, and the onset of family life. However, recent information reveals a different picture, more women are increasingly opting to start families when they are in their 30s, although fertility does start decreasing with age. Based on initial data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), women aged 30 to 34 now have more births than women in their late 20s, a big cultural and demographic change.

This article explores into what's behind this shift—from changing social values and economic considerations to medical innovations and individual empowerment.

In 2016, the CDC also said that the birth rate for women between the ages of 30 and 34 was 103 per 100,000, just barely above the 102 per 100,000 for women between the ages of 25 and 29. The mean age at which American women are giving birth to their first child has also increased to 28, from 26 only a few years earlier. This change signals something more than mere preference; it indicates greater systemic shifts within education, relations, and economic scenarios.

Women aged in their late 20s had the country's peak birth rates for over three decades. That storyline is being revised now. Authorities are attributing the change to a range of interrelated reasons—the primary among them being a decision to wait until marriage to come later in favor of a career or self-realization phase first.

Is Rise of Professional and Financial Independence the Reason?

Women of the millennial and Gen Z generations are entering a job market where education and career mobility are prized—and in many cases, a necessity for financial security. With women becoming more prevalent in positions of leadership within industries and with record-breaking levels of educational attainment, motherhood is no longer viewed as a duty of youth but as a thoughtful life choice.

Waiting until later to have a child offers the time necessary to acquire financial stability, establish a robust professional base, and even eliminate student loans. These actions are important in an environment where living costs and child-rearing—particularly in metropolitan areas—keep increasing.

Deeply connected to this movement is the shifting attitude toward marriage. The first marriage age in America has climbed to 27 for women, a drastic increase over earlier generations. As people delay marriage or pursue alternative relationship structures, the timing of having children has naturally followed suit.

Relationship expert Bill Albert of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy observes that cultural trends, such as the continued decline in teen pregnancies, are part of a larger movement toward thoughtful parenting—where a person is prepared emotionally and economically before assuming the responsibility of bringing a child into the world.

Fertility, Egg Freezing, and Reproductive Health Awareness

Although the social clock might be ticking later, biology hasn't. A healthy woman has approximately a 20% chance of conceiving in any menstrual cycle in her 20s, says the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Fertility, however, starts to decline in the early 30s and declines more steeply after age 37.

Despite this, women are becoming more attuned to these biological facts—and are doing something about it. Egg freezing is becoming a proactive solution, enabling women to freeze their eggs as they work toward other objectives in life. Even though the treatment is expensive (usually more than $10,000, with yearly storage charges), its popularity speaks volumes for the contemporary woman's willingness to seize control of her reproductive destiny.

Infertility Support and Treatment Options

To those who do experience fertility issues, advances in medicine have made family creation more possible than ever. The CDC reports that approximately 11% of women aged 15 to 44 have utilized infertility services, and the Mayo Clinic explains several causes—ranging from ovulation problems and PCOS to endometriosis and cancer treatment complications.

For couples seeking to become pregnant, lifestyle issues such as smoking, weight imbalance, and stress can be factors as well. Health professionals advise women older than 35 to have an evaluation after six months of failing to conceive—six months less than for younger women. With various treatments such as IVF, hormone therapy, and assisted reproductive technologies, increasing numbers of women in their 30s are having successful pregnancies despite the loss of function that comes with age.

Emotional Readiness and the Psychology of Modern Motherhood

Aside from biology and economics, there's the issue of emotional readiness. Women say they feel more grounded, self-assured, and self-aware in their 30s. They've had time to travel, learn, experience the world, and develop a strong sense of self prior to embracing the challenging and life-altering role of motherhood.

This emotional maturity will also feed through into more secure parenting arrangements and more settled family lives. More mature age at motherhood will also include women who have long-term partnership experience and securely structured support networks behind them.

The motherhood narrative is shifting. Women today are rewriting the playbook, using fertility with deliberation and knowledge, and turning conventional wisdom on its head when it comes to the "right" time to have children. While age still plays a huge role in reproductive health, it is no longer the sole factor.

As the world continues to evolve—socially, economically, scientifically, it's bound to happen more and more often that women continue to look on their 30s not as a deadline but as an opening. And as they gain ever-improved access to fertility procedures, as wider society offers their support, as medicine makes breakthrough after breakthrough, they'll have more control over motherhood than ever before to enter into when they want.

What started out as a persistent cough while pregnant almost turned into a tragedy for 26-year-old Illinois' MaKenna Lauterbach. At 36 weeks' pregnancy, the would-be mom thought that her symptoms were normal for pregnancy exhaustion in late stages—until she started gasping for air from doing minor chores. What ensued was a time-sensitive, life-saving battle of wits between world-class experts, state-of-the-art medical treatments, and an outcome against all odds.

Pregnancy tends to be accompanied by fatigue, shortness of breath, and changing physical needs. So when MaKenna began feeling breathless and having a persistent cough while caring for her horses, she attributed it to third-trimester exertion. Walking to the barn made her breathless—as if she'd run a marathon. But her symptoms did not get better, and by the time she was full term, her condition had progressed dramatically.

Even with her deteriorating symptoms, imaging tests were initially shunned. Medical staff are naturally averse to putting pregnant women through the stress of radiation exposure, particularly when in the late stages of pregnancy. But MaKenna's condition rapidly worsened—coughing gave way to vomiting and intense respiratory distress, prompting emergency admission to hospital.

Just a few days from her due date, imaging at last showed the devastating discovery—a grapefruit-sized tumor wedged in her chest, obstructing the artery to her right lung. The tumor was suffocating her airway and threateningly restricting oxygen delivery, placing mother and baby alike in danger.

MaKenna was flown to Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, where she was admitted to the intensive care unit. Within a short time after arrival, she went into labor. Her blood pressure rose, the baby became distressed, and physicians realized that they had only hours—possibly minutes—to move.

"Her lungs were impaired because of the tumor, and labor was also slowing her down to breathe. The danger of respiratory failure and cardiac arrest was very real," said Dr. Lynn Yee, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist at Northwestern Medicine.

MaKenna was put on extracorporeal life support (ECMO)—a life-supporting device that circulates oxygenated blood outside of the body—and received an emergency C-section. Her baby boy, Colter, was delivered safely, healthy in spite of the wild ride he had getting here.

For MaKenna, there was a mix of joy and fear. "Because of the tumor, the delivery came so rapidly. I was mourning the birth plan I had been planning for months, while also coping with the news of my surprise diagnosis," she explained.

What is Rare and Aggressive Melanoma?

After the birth, physicians initiated additional tests. A bronchoscopy test showed the tumor was stage 3 melanoma—a skin cancer that had somehow traveled and developed inside her chest.

This posed a singular challenge. "There isn't much written about or a lot of published cases on how to treat melanoma that comes in this way," said Dr. Kalvin Lung, a thoracic surgeon at Northwestern Medicine. "We had to fall back on the knowledge our team has gained from years of taking care of complex thoracic cases."

Prior to surgery, doctors gave three doses of immunotherapy to shrink the tumor. The therapy was effective in diminishing its size from 13 centimeters to 9 centimeters, thus enabling the subsequent action—surgery.

The procedure itself was extremely complicated. Dr. Lung and Dr. Chris Mehta, a cardiac surgeon with Northwestern Medicine, were required to remove MaKenna's right lung entirely, part of the pulmonary artery, and related lymph nodes. The tumor had invaded large blood vessels and spread throughout all three lobes of the right lung. "We may have a case like this every few years," said Dr. Mehta.

Now 27, MaKenna is stable and continues her immunotherapy treatments. Her scans show no new signs of metastatic cancer, and the tumor site remains inactive. She’s focusing on motherhood, recovery, and gratitude.

“Colter is the best baby—always smiling and sleeping through the night,” she said. “I can’t say enough about the incredible medical team that saved my life. Because of them, I’m here today.”

Dr. Yee continued, "To see MaKenna doing so well, and Colter thriving, brings tears to my eyes. It demonstrates what coordinated, compassionate medical care can do."

Can Pregnancy Shadow Life-Threatening Illnesses?

Pregnancy is commonly accompanied by a variety of physical changes—fatigue, shortness of breath, backaches, nausea, and swelling. Although these symptoms are typically harmless, they sometimes mask the signs of serious underlying medical conditions. This crossover between normal pregnancy pains and signs of potentially fatal diseases can mean that the illnesses are not diagnosed until late, as in the recent case of MaKenna Lauterbach—a 26-year-old woman whose relentless cough and shortness of breath throughout her pregnancy proved to be stage 3 melanoma in her chest.

Shared Symptoms of Pregnancy and Illness Mimic One Another

Most life-threatening conditions have symptoms that are identical to those of pregnancy. Diseases such as heart disease, blood clots, infections, and even cancer may appear with fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, or swelling—commonly attributed to normal pregnancy complaints. This similarity results in a diagnostic blind spot.

For example:

• Shortness of breath can be due to increased oxygen demand during pregnancy but can also result from lung disease or heart failure.
• Swelling in late pregnancy is normal but may indicate preeclampsia, kidney disease, or a tumor compressing veins.
• Nausea and vomiting are usual in the first trimester but may also obscure gastrointestinal cancers or liver disease.

Hesitation With Diagnostic Imaging in Pregnancy

One of the greatest difficulties is that physicians tend to shun some diagnostic tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs during pregnancy in order to avoid exposing the fetus to radiation. Although this prudence is necessary, it can lead to life-threatening delays if a critical condition is suspected but not diagnosed. In MaKenna's situation, imaging was delayed until her symptoms became critical—by that time, a tumor had obstructed large lung arteries.

Immune and Hormonal Alterations Can Speed Up Underlying Disorders

Pregnancy dampens some immune reactions to shield the developing fetus. Yet, this changed immune environment can give rise to or speed up latent diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, or infections. Hormonal spikes can also nourish hormone-sensitive tumors, elevating the risk of complications.

Fetal Over Maternal Prioritization in Emergency Situations

During emergencies, choices are frequently made to safeguard the baby—even at the expense of delaying the mother's treatment. This preference can make cases more complex when the mother's declining health impacts fetal welfare directly. Delayed diagnosis or treatment of maternal illness can put both lives at increased risk.

Emotional and Cognitive Biases

Numerous pregnant women—such as MaKenna—will minimize their symptoms, assuming they are just a result of pregnancy demands. There is also a cultural pressure to suffer through pregnancy, and this can cause women not to speak up or seek second opinions when something does not feel right.

Pregnant patients with severe medical issues frequently need treatment from several specialists: obstetricians, oncologists, cardiologists, or pulmonologists. Without an integrated and coordinated effort, important warning signs can be overlooked or insufficiently explored. MaKenna's survival was partly because of the rapid collaboration between maternal-fetal medicine, thoracic surgery, oncology, and intensive care specialists.

Pregnancy never needs to stand in the way of diagnosing and treating potentially life-threatening diseases. Awareness, early investigation, and multidisciplinary care are critical in distinguishing normal pregnancy symptoms from red flags. Pregnant women must always feel confident enough to voice their concerns, clarify the situation, and stand up for their well-being—because, as MaKenna's experience demonstrates, an early diagnosis can save not just one, but two lives.

Over the past two decades, a lot has changed in psychiatry. The field has embraced many unexpected tools, including electricity. Once largely the realm of pharmaceuticals and talk therapy, the field is undergoing a technological evolution powered by devices that target the brain's circuitry. This is known as electroceuticals. These approaches offer new hope for people with severe, treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders such as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

The Rise of Electroceuticals

These usually refer to therapies that use electrical stimulation to modulate nervous system activity. These technologies aim to correct misfiring circuits in the brain, much like how a pacemaker regulates the heart. The therapies now being studied or offered include:

• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
• Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation

While many of these interventions are still being evaluated for efficacy in psychiatric care, they are already in use for neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease. It lend credibility to the crossover.

Chemical Imbalance And Beyond

Historically, psychiatry has operated on the assumption that mental illnesses stem primarily from chemical imbalances. This led to a focus on medications like SRRIs. However, recent research began shifting the focus from brain chemistry to brain circuitry. Neurosurgeons and psychiatrists alike now see disorders like depression not as chemical shortages but as network dysfunctions - where certain brain circuits fall to properly connect or regulate mood and behavior.

The shift is also shown in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with DBS. Electrodes implanted deep in the brain deliver high-frequency pulses to specific regions believed to be involved in mood regulation. Though still considered experimental for depression by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), DBS is FDA-approved for treatment-resistant OCD and shows promise in clinical trials.

Treatment-Resistant Disorder - Searching For The Solution

As per reports, an estimated 30% of people with depression and up to 60% with OCD do not respond to traditional treatments. For these individuals, electroceutical may also represent the only available hope. The access, however, is still very limited. The reason is cost and insurance coverage. However, with devices like VNS and TMS, which have now gained FDA clearance and some insurance support, the accessibility has been better. Though DBS and focused ultrasound remain largely available only through clinical trials.

The emotional and physical toll on patients can be considerable. Surgeries carry risks—such as infection, hemorrhage, or hardware complications—and require significant recovery time. Even successful cases often need supplementary treatments like medication or psychotherapy to sustain benefits.

What Technologies Are Available?

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Involves implanting electrodes in the brain to stimulate key regions. It has shown success in regulating mood in patients with severe depression and OCD. Some report life-changing relief after decades of suffering, although results vary.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): Sends signals via the vagus nerve to influence brain activity. Approved for treatment-resistant depression, its effectiveness is debated, with mixed outcomes in clinical trials.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Uses magnetic pulses delivered through a coil placed on the scalp. It’s non-invasive and increasingly accessible, though it requires multiple sessions and benefits may fade over time.

Focused Ultrasound: The newest contender, it uses sound waves to either ablate or modulate deep brain tissue. Still in early research stages, it’s entirely non-invasive and could become a game-changer due to its precision and safety profile.