After China, HMPV Cases Reported In Malaysia, Hong Kong And India, Know How To Stay Safe

Human metapneumovirus or the HMPV is a respiratory disease that causes flu or cold-like symptoms. But, why is this in the news suddenly? This is because the cases have surged rapidly in China, especially among children, as per the local authorities. The country's Centre for Disease Control (CDC) warned people to take precautions with health and hygiene.

After China, Malaysia too reported a 45% surge in 2024. Not too far away, Hong Kong too reported cases, though the numbers of cases are low, but the people are now more vigilant. The virus has also reached India, with a total of 7 cases as of now.

What is HMPV?

As per the 2022 study titled Zoonotic Origins of Human Metapneumovirus: A Journey from Birds to Humans, the metapneumovirus are member of the family Pneumoviridae and have been identified earlier in birds, also known as the avian metapneumoviruses (AMPV). This is why HMPV and AMPV are closely related.

HMPV was first discovered in 2001, however, studies show that it has been circulating for at least 50 years.

Is it emerging as a health concern?

Dr RR Dutta says that there has been no significant increase in respiratory illness cases beyond the expected seasonal variations. "HMPV s a respiratory virus that usually causes mild symptoms like cough, fever, and nasal congestion, similar to the common cold. In certain vulnerable groups, such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems, it may lead to flu-like symptoms or complications like bronchitis or pneumonia. However, there is no cause for concern at this time as the situation remains under control," says the doctor.

Read more about HMPV cases here.

The best way to detect it is by observing the symptoms, which include:

• Fever
• Coughing
• Nasal congestion
• Runny Nose
• Sore Throat
• Nausea and vomiting

Dr Shelly Mahajan recommends getting the accurate diagnosis through RT-PCR tests for identifying the virus's genetic material, antibody tests to detect past exposure and comprehensive blood panels to assess any associated complication. " In some cases, imaging such as chest X-rays or CT scans may be recommended to evaluate respiratory involvement. Individuals must stay informed through credible sources and adhere to public health guidelines issued by authorities," the doctor points out.

What are the best ways to prevent it?

Dr Akanksha Dwivedi says, "HMPV is not a killer disease. It was present around us for a long time," so instead of fearing, it is important to stay vigilant and be aware of the preventive measure.

She mentions these following steps to ensure safety around you:

• Hand hygiene: Regularly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

• Avoid touching your face: Refrain from touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands to prevent the transfer of viruses.

• Maintain distance: Keep a safe distance from individuals exhibiting symptoms of respiratory illness.

• Disinfect surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.

• Respiratory etiquette: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.

Will HMPV become a pandemic?

Experts currently assess the risk as low. HMPV is not a new virus, points out Dr Dwivedi, it was first identified in 2001 and has been circulating globally since then. "While recent surges in cases have been reported in countries like China and India, the virus typically causes mild illness in the general population. Health authorities are monitoring the situation closely, but there is no indication at this time that HMPV poses a pandemic threat comparable to COVID-19."

She also points out the effectiveness of homeopathy in dealing with the symptoms as it prevents organs from progressive damage. It further reduces dependency on steroids and bronchodilators, while providing natural and holistic remedies with minimal side effects.

Dr. Shelly (Mittal) Mahajan is the Lab Director & Clinical Lead at Mahajan Imaging Labs; Dr. RR Dutta is the HOD, Internal Medicine at Paras Health, Gurugram; Dr. Akansha Dwivedi is a Senior Consultant at Homoeo Amigo.