The COVID-19 pandemic may be over, but our immune systems are still feeling the impact. After years of battling constant viral threats, from COVID-19 to seasonal flu and other infections, our body’s defense system is exhausted. Many people continue to experience lingering inflammation, frequent illnesses, and slower recovery times. This extended state of immune stress has compromised us further to chronic illness, including autoimmune diseases and even neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. So why is our immune system still in trouble? And how do we give it its power back? Understanding immune exhaustion is the beginning of rebuilding our body's natural immunity.

A weakened immune system makes people more susceptible to disease, mental illnesses, and even sleep disorders. Now, new research indicates that immune system depletion may play an important role in the onset of Parkinson's disease, a degenerative neurologic disorder that compromises movement and cognition.

Role of Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease

Dysfunctional immune response is a leading cause of long-standing inflammation within the body, that has been found to contribute towards a multitude of conditions, including cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

As people age, their immune system naturally becomes less effective. This deterioration, referred to as immune exhaustion, may be a key contributor to the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Rebecca Wallings, a Parkinson’s Foundation Launch Award grant recipient and senior postdoctoral fellow at the University of Florida, believes that an accumulation of exhausted immune cells could be driving neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s patients.

How a Tired Immune System Might Affect Parkinson's?

Parkinson's disease is most commonly linked with the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons—motor nerve cells that produce dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter for movement. While researchers have long suspected inflammation is involved in this neurodegeneration, the mechanisms are not yet well understood.

Wallings' study is on immune cell exhaustion, a process by which aging immune cells fail to control immune responses effectively. Her research indicates that instead of dampening inflammation in Parkinson's patients, attempts should be made to rejuvenate the immune system to regain its functionality.

Energy Deficiency in Immune Cells

One of the major findings of Wallings' work is the function of mitochondrial impairment in immune cell exhaustion. Mitochondria are commonly called the powerhouses of cells, as they are vital for generating energy. As mitochondria age and become inefficient, immune cells fail to function well, potentially accelerating neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Wallings has found that mutations in the LRRK2 gene, a recognized genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease, are linked with defective mitochondrial function and immune cell exhaustion. Her current work includes testing various therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial function in immune cells with the potential to enhance the immune system and potentially prevent or treat Parkinson's disease.

Will Rejuvenating the Immune System Help in Treatment?

For decades, the standard practice in treating Parkinson's has been to suppress brain inflammation. Yet Wallings' work indicates that instead of slowing down immune responses, restoring the immune system could be a more successful strategy. By addressing mitochondrial impairment and immune resilience, researchers can potentially reverse or slow down Parkinson's disease.

Wallings is now looking into how to rejuvenate immune cells by fixing mitochondria. She studies immune cells from patients with Parkinson's as well as from healthy subjects and performs experiments on animal models to determine if rejuvenation of the immune system could result in improved disease outcomes.

Lifestyle Factors That May Affect Parkinson's Risk

While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, some lifestyle adjustments may decrease the chances of developing the illness. Since neurodegenerative diseases are associated with chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, developing habits that enhance immune function might prove helpful.

Diet: There is evidence to suggest that eating in accordance with the Mediterranean or MIND diets, both high in antioxidants, healthy fats, and anti-inflammatory foods, can encourage brain wellness and reduce Parkinson's risk.

Avoiding Dangerous Substances: Restricting alcohol and nicotine use can maintain a robust immune system and suppress inflammation.

Reducing Stress: Chronic stress weakens immune function, so methods such as meditation, exercise, and sufficient sleep can lead to improved overall well-being.

Contemporary office spaces have been designed to maximise comfort. Comfort includes central air conditioning, comfortable chairs, coffee dispensers, and beautiful interior design. Nonetheless, all these cool offices contribute greatly to the increase in blood pressure among unsuspecting employees. Many office workers spend about 8–10 hours indoors, thinking that comfort equates to good health. Sedentary lifestyles, stress at work, poor eating habits, and minimal movement are some of the factors resulting in increased levels of hypertension among young office-goers.

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In an interview with Health and Me, Dr Tushar Tayal, Associate Director, Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, explained how extreme air conditioning at work can slowly weaken your heart and give you high blood pressure.

Impact of Air-Conditioned Offices on the Body

"Being constantly exposed to an air-conditioned environment may indirectly contribute to the rise in blood pressure levels. Extremely cold temperatures may prevent a person from moving around and sweating. People are less likely to go outside because of the difference in temperature between the interior and exterior environments. On top of that, dry air from air conditioners contributes to dehydration, particularly when people consume too much caffeine and too little water," Dr Tayal explained.

Stress Behind the Screens

Although an office atmosphere may seem serene from the outside, the corporate environment is frequently linked with high mental stress. Pressure to meet targets, appraisals, fear of being laid off, lengthy meetings, and information overload lead to the body being continuously on guard. High levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, can increase blood pressure. Employees often experience silent stress, which means that while they may not feel emotionally stressed, they suffer from physiological symptoms including headaches, exhaustion, irritability, and hypertension.

Sedentary Lifestyle: The Major Risk Factor for High Blood Pressure Among Corporate Employees

A sedentary lifestyle has proven to be one of the major contributors to high blood pressure among corporate employees who spend much of their time sitting while participating in meetings, watching presentations, or working on computers. Physical inactivity makes the heart less effective while causing issues such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. One may think that people who play sports for an hour every day face no risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle, but even then, sedentarism can harm a person. Office employees tend to underestimate the amount of physical activity they engage in at their workplace.

Corporate Dieting: Another Hypertension Risk Factor

Dr Tayal said that the food culture in a corporate office plays a significant role in the development of high blood pressure as well. Numerous tea breaks, snacking on packaged foods with too much salt, takeaway meals, sweet drinks consumed in large amounts, and late suppers after overtime—all these aspects may affect cardiovascular health. Stress-related eating habits and improper food intake also play a role in metabolic disruptions. Consuming foods with excessive salt may be harmful.

BP: Young Professionals Are No Longer Considered “Too Young”

The expert went on to explain that previously, hypertension used to be linked more with elderly individuals. Now, doctors have been noting instances of high blood pressure among young professionals in their mid-20s and 30s. Corporate workers might look healthy from the outside but often neglect signs such as poor sleep quality, fatigue, dizzy spells, or stress. Because there may be no visible signs of high blood pressure, many cases are discovered only through regular medical check-ups. Specialists advise that undiagnosed hypertension can result in serious diseases in the future, such as heart disease or stroke.

Making Corporate Spaces Healthier Places to Work

Modern companies have begun to be urged to reassess the idea of wellness in the office. Promoting physical activity breaks, standing meetings, drinking water, looking after mental health, choosing healthier foods at the company canteen, and getting screened for hypertension can aid in minimising the risks of this illness. Workers can start by implementing small changes, such as doing stretching exercises once an hour, walking around while on the phone, consuming less coffee, and measuring their blood pressure regularly.

Individuals who experience tingling, numbness, and burning sensations in their hands and feet often disregard these early symptoms, especially after a long drive, extended standing, or sleeping. Many frequently take painkillers to ease their discomfort in the hope that their pain and other symptoms will quickly go away.

These types of persistent or recurrent symptoms, however, could be a signal of a nerve health issue such as peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B12 is crucial for the nervous system, and its deficiency could be one of the potential causes.

Early detection of these symptoms and appropriate, timely medical advice can help facilitate immediate intervention. Addressing nutritional gaps under medical guidance may help support overall nerve health and reduce the risk of progression.

Recognizing Vitamin B Deficiency Symptoms

Neurotropic B-vitamins are essential for preserving the structure and function of nerves. A lack of these vitamins may present as:

• Tingling or “pins and needles” in the hands and feet
• Numbness or reduced sensation
• Body weakness and muscle fatigue

Common Vitamin B12 deficiency signs include persistent fatigue, sensory disturbances, imbalance and neuropathic discomfort. Early detection supports timely intervention and may help prevent further nerve damage.

The Role of Vitamin B In Supporting Nerve Health

The right nutritional support plays a key role in preserving nerve function:

• Methylcobalamin, an active form of Vitamin B12, is considered to be one of the most important B-vitamins for nerve protection and repair. It plays a key role in maintaining the protective covering around nerves, which allows them to function properly.
• Vitamin B1 supports nerve signal transmission and energy metabolism within nerve cells.
• Vitamin B6 supports the production of important brain chemicals and helps maintain efficient nerve communication.

A Structured, Preventive Approach

An appropriate and active approach to nerve care includes nutritional adjustments, metabolic regulation, and the right assistance to support symptoms.

Dietary Optimization: Encourage intake of foods rich in B-vitamins such as whole grains, dairy, eggs, legumes, and leafy vegetables. However, for those with restrictions, the diet alone might not be enough, especially in cases of established deficiency, malabsorption, or restricted diets.

Targeted Treatment: When guided by a healthcare professional, oral supplementation can be considered as part of a comprehensive plan.

• The well-recognized B complex tablets support nerve integrity and functional recovery in deficiency-related cases over time.
• A combination of Vitamin B12 with B6, B3, B1, and B5 helps alleviate symptoms like tingling, numbness, and overall weakness.
• For symptomatic relief from nerve pain, tingling, and burning sensations in hands and feet, topical formulations having 0.075% Capsaicin, Menthol, Eucalyptus, and Camphor may provide instant relief after a long commute or extended standing.

• Lifestyle management: Managing blood sugar levels, staying physically active, and avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity are all crucial for nerve health. Regular movement, stretching, and adequate sleep further support nerve resilience and recovery.

Dozens of food products, including chocolates, snack mixes, popcorn, chips, and nuts, have been recalled in the US over the risk of salmonella contamination.

The recall is due to a specific ingredient — milk powder supplied by California Dairies — used in several products and snacks, particularly in seasonings.

According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the potentially tainted powdered milk and buttermilk were voluntarily recalled on April 20.

Which Products Have Been Recalled?

Ghirardelli Chocolate Powders:

• Chocolate Flavored Frappe
• Classic White Frappe
• Premium Hot Cocoa Pouch Bulk
• Chocolate & Cocoa Sweet Ground Powder
• White Chocolate Flavored Sweet Ground Powder
• Vanilla Frappe Mix
• Chocolate Flavored Frappe Mix
• Classic White Frappe Mix
• Chocolate Flavored Frappe Mix
• Classic White Frappe Mix
• White Mocha Frappe Mix
• Mocha Frappe Mix
• Frozen Hot Cocoa Frappe Mix

• Zapp's Brand Bayou Blackened Ranch Potato Chips
• Zapp's Brand Bayou Blackened Ranch Potato Chips
• Zapp's Brand Bayou Blackened Ranch Potato Chips
• Zapp's Brand Big Cheezy Potato Chip
• Zapp's Brand Big Cheezy Potato Chip
• Zapp's Brand Salt and Vinegar Potato Chips (60ct)
• Dirty Brand Salt and Vinegar Potato Chips
• Dirty Brand Maui Onion Potato Chip
• Dirty Brand Sour Cream and Onion Potato Chips

• Bottles of Pork King Good Sour Cream & Onion Seasoning
• Bags of Pork King Good Sour Cream & Onion Pork Rinds
• Bags of Pork King Party Size Sour Cream & Onion Pork Rinds

• Fisher Tex Mex Trail Mix
• Southern Style Nuts Gourmet Hunter Mix
• Southern Style Nuts Gourmet Hunter Mix
• Southern Style Nuts Hunter Mix
• Squirrel Brand Travelers Mix
• Squirrel Brand Town & Country Mix
• Squirrel Brand Town & Country Mix
• Good & Gather Mexican Street, Corn Trail Mix
• Giant Eagle Pita Chips:
• Baked Pita Chips with Parmesan, Garlic & Herb

• Wildlife Seasoning Sour Cream & Onion Popcorn Topping
• Williams Sonoma-branded Popcorn Sampler Gift Box with White Cheddar Seasoning
• Fireworks Popcorn Poppings & Toppings gift set containing White Cheddar Seasoning

• Stoltzfus Family Dairy Sour Cream
• Onion Cheese Curds

• Culinary Circle Ultra Thin Crust Chicken Bacon Ranch Frozen Pizza
• Great Value Thin Crust Chicken Bacon Ranch Frozen Pizza
• Great Value Stuffed Chicken Bacon Ranch Frozen Pizza
• Mama Cozzi's Biscuit Crust Sausage & Cheese Frozen Breakfast Pizza
• Mama Cozzi's Biscuit Crust Cooked Pork Belly Crumbles, Cooked Bacon Topping, Pepper & Onion Frozen Breakfast Pizza

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The FDA urges people who purchased the products to throw them away or return them for a refund.

A separate Salmonella recall impacting 12 flavors of the popular chocolate brand Spring & Mulberry was also recently announced by the FDA, but appeared to be linked to a date supplier. It wasn't immediately clear if there was any connection to the California Dairies recall.

Another is a public health alert issued by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) for headcheese over possible contamination with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm).

What Is Salmonella?

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As per the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Salmonella is a group of bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal illness and fever called salmonellosis. It can be spread by food handlers who do not wash their hands and/or the surfaces and tools they use between food preparation steps. It can also happen when people consume uncooked and raw food. Salmonella can also spread from animals to people.

The FDA notes that people who have direct contact with certain animals, including poultry and reptiles, can spread the bacteria from the animal to food if hand washing hygiene is not practiced.

Pets, too, could spread the bacteria within the home environment if they eat food contaminated with Salmonella.

Common symptoms of Salmonella include

• diarrhea,
• fever,
• stomach cramps 6 hours to 6 days after being exposed to the bacteria.

Children younger than 5, adults 65 and older, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to have severe illness.