Every year, World Toilet Day is observed to raise awareness about the global sanitation crisis and encourage action to solve it. The goal set by the United Nation is to achieve safe toilets for all by 2023, as a part of their Sustainable Development Goals.
The UN also states that 3.5 billion people live without proper sanitation and many children also lose their lives due to poor sanitation and unsafe water. This is why World Toilet Day is observed to raise awareness on this issue.
This year, the theme for World Toilet Day 2024 is "Toilets - A Place for Peace'. This focuses on the growing threat to sanitation that is caused by conflict, climate change, disaster and neglect. When there is a threat to using toilets, it can lead to many health risks.
Not using toilets for too long may lead to Urinary Tract Infection or UTI. For many who do not have access to clean toilets do not drink enough liquid or hold pee for too long. Doctors suggest that holding in pee for too long can cause bacteria to multiply and lead to UTI. By not drinking enough water, your bladder fails to tell the body to pee often, and can cause the bacteria to spread through the urinary tract, which can lead to infection.
Holding in pee for too long can also cause your bladder to stretch, making it difficult or even impossible for the bladder to contract and release pee normally. It can also damage your pelvic floor muscles or could lead to kidney stones.
To prevent such conditions, it is important that everyone has access to clean and safe toilets. In terms of history, the day was established in 2001, by the World Toilet Organization (WTO), which was founded by Jack Sim. However, it was officially recognised by the UN in 2013. The Government of Singapore worked with WTO to create the first UN resolution called Sanitation for All.
India too promotes safe and hygiene toilet through its Swachh Bharat Yojna.
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Health officials in New York have reported at least three suspected cases of tularemia, a rare bacterial illness also known as rabbit fever.
The disease can spread through the bite of infected ticks or deer flies, or through contact with infected animals, particularly rabbits and rodents.
The Suffolk County Department of Health said laboratory testing is required to confirm the suspected cases, a process that may take several weeks.
"Confirmation of a tularemia diagnosis requires a combination of laboratory testing and fulfillment of specific clinical or epidemiologic criteria," the department told ABC 7, New York.
"The laboratory testing to confirm a tularemia diagnosis may take several weeks."
Tularemia is most commonly reported between May and September, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Fewer than 200 cases are reported annually in the US, based on CDC data from 2019 to 2023. Although still rare, reported cases have been increasing.
In Suffolk County, Long Island:
Tularemia is a rare but potentially serious bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis, according to the CDC.
The disease can affect the skin, lymph nodes, eyes, throat, lungs, and other organs depending on how the bacteria enter the body.
People can become infected through:
According to the CDC, the case fatality rate is typically below 2%, though it can be higher depending on the bacterial strain and type of illness.
There are six main forms of tularemia:
Symptoms vary depending on the type of infection but commonly include:
Because tularemia is rare, it can be difficult to diagnose, and its symptoms often resemble more common illnesses.
Tularemia is highly treatable with antibiotics when diagnosed promptly.
The CDC noted that a vaccine previously used to protect laboratory workers is currently under review by the US Food and Drug Administration and is not generally available.
The CDC recommends the following precautions:
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The Philippines has launched a fresh measles-rubella vaccination campaign in Eastern Visayas, aiming to vaccinate more than 445,000 children aged six to 59 months.
The intensified Measles-Rubella Supplemental Immunization Activity (MR-SIA) will run from August 10 to 28, with support from local governments, schools, community health workers and barangay officials.
The campaign comes as the country continues to recover from years of declining routine childhood immunisation, which left thousands of children at risk to vaccine-preventable diseases.
"Knowing that our past accomplishments in the country are not that high, the Department of Health decided to have an additional layer of protection for our children by coming up with the Measles-Rubella Immunization Activity," said Dr Exuperia Sabalberino, Regional Director of the Department of Health Eastern Visayas Center for Health Development.
According to the Department of Health (DOH), Leyte accounts for the largest target population, with more than 152,000 eligible children, while Biliran has the smallest.
Children under five years of age will be offered the vaccine regardless of their previous vaccination status if they fall within the campaign's eligibility criteria.
Health authorities have been race to close immunity gaps and prevent new outbreaks of the highly contagious disease.
The latest push follows concerns over low routine immunisation coverage in several Philippine regions. During the 2023 MR-SIA campaign, Eastern Visayas achieved only 72.6% vaccination coverage, well below the level needed to maintain herd immunity.
Health officials warn that insufficient coverage increases the risk of measles and rubella outbreaks. "Vaccination is an extra layer of protection and also prevents outbreaks, as measles and rubella are highly contagious because one confirmed case can affect 12 to 18 people, especially those who are vulnerable and immunocompromised," said Chiradee R. Claridad, DOH-8 National Immunization Program Coordinator.
Also read: US Measles Cases Reach 2,371; RFK Jr Takes U-Turn, Urges Families to Vaccinate Kids
Measles is among the world's most infectious viral diseases, spreading through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
It can lead to serious complications including pneumonia, brain inflammation, blindness and death, particularly in young children. Rubella is generally milder but can cause severe birth defects if a pregnant woman becomes infected.
The Philippines has experienced several major measles outbreaks in recent years, including the nationwide resurgence in 2019 and the Bangsamoro outbreak in 2024, both linked to poor vaccination coverage.
The Philippines has already made progress in recent months. Last month, the DOH announced that over one million children in Metro Manila had been vaccinated, achieving 87.1% coverage under the measles-rubella campaign.
The latest campaign also comes after measles gained global attention after several countries, including the United States and parts of Europe, reported outbreaks this year driven by falling childhood vaccination rates.
The United States has reported 2,371 in 2026m according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Among these cases:
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The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is battling two public health crises at once. While the rapidly expanding Ebola outbreak has sparked global health emergency, health experts warn that another crisis is unfolding quietly: a sharp rise in maternal deaths as pregnant women avoid hospitals out of fear of infection.
According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), maternal deaths in Ituri province, the epicentre of the outbreak, have nearly doubled since late May.
Between May 25 and July 19, 2026, the weekly maternal deaths increased from an average of 3.1 to 5.8, while deaths occurring outside health facilities also rose significantly.
One of the biggest reasons rising maternal deaths in Congo is fear. Many pregnant women have stopped attending antenatal appointments because early Ebola symptoms, such as fever, weakness, and body aches, can resemble pregnancy-related illnesses. They worry they could be wrongly identified as Ebola patients and isolated from their families.
A recent Associated Press report shed light on ground reality by bringing forward the case of Esther Lutula, a pregnant woman from Bunia, who stopped visiting health centres after hearing reports of patients being isolated.
Like many expectant mothers, she chose to stay home despite understanding the risks of pregnancy complications.
"No woman should die giving life because she is afraid to seek care," said Noemi Dalmonte, Deputy Country Representative for UNFPA in the DRC, noting that misinformation and fear are preventing women from accessing essential and lifesaving maternal services.
Also read: DR Congo Ebola Outbreak Becomes World’s Second Largest As Death Toll Surpasses 1,500
The Ebola response in DR Congo has pressurised an already fragile healthcare system. Health workers have been reassigned to work on outbreak control, while others have died, fled conflict, or gone unpaid.
Some health facilities have also faced attacks, disrupting routine maternity care. Surveillance teams continue to struggle with staff shortages, delayed reporting, and limited resources, making it harder to provide essential health services beyond Ebola treatment.
The World Health Organization (WHO) says the current outbreak, caused by the Bundibugyo strain of Ebola, is spreading in a difficult humanitarian setting marked by insecurity, population movement, and limited healthcare access.
Unlike earlier outbreaks, there is currently no approved vaccine or specific treatment for this strain, although vaccine trials are underway.
In some previous outbreaks, more than 90% of infected pregnant women died. Delays in treating common obstetric emergencies, like severe bleeding, infections, or obstructed labour, further increase maternal mortality.
Health experts stress that many of these deaths are preventable if women receive timely pregnancy care and better clinical services during delivery.
Also read: Uganda Declared Ebola-Free As Congo Outbreak Grows To 3,262 Cases, 1,437 Deaths
The DRC's Ebola outbreak has already become the world's second-largest on record, with more than 3,500 reported cases and over 1,500 deaths.
However, organisations warn that other indirect casualties, including maternal deaths, could increase dramatically if routine health services continue to crumble.
UNFPA is urging governments and humanitarian partners to strengthen maternity services alongside Ebola control efforts, restore community trust, and ensure that pregnant women can safely access healthcare without fear. "The fear of Ebola should not become another cause of maternal death," the agency has warned.
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