Every year, World Toilet Day is observed to raise awareness about the global sanitation crisis and encourage action to solve it. The goal set by the United Nation is to achieve safe toilets for all by 2023, as a part of their Sustainable Development Goals.

The UN also states that 3.5 billion people live without proper sanitation and many children also lose their lives due to poor sanitation and unsafe water. This is why World Toilet Day is observed to raise awareness on this issue.

Theme

This year, the theme for World Toilet Day 2024 is "Toilets - A Place for Peace'. This focuses on the growing threat to sanitation that is caused by conflict, climate change, disaster and neglect. When there is a threat to using toilets, it can lead to many health risks.

Not using toilets for too long may lead to Urinary Tract Infection or UTI. For many who do not have access to clean toilets do not drink enough liquid or hold pee for too long. Doctors suggest that holding in pee for too long can cause bacteria to multiply and lead to UTI. By not drinking enough water, your bladder fails to tell the body to pee often, and can cause the bacteria to spread through the urinary tract, which can lead to infection.

Symptoms of UTI:

• Burning or stinging feeling while urinating
• Pain in pelvis or lower abdomen
• Constant urge to empty the bladder
• Strong or foul smelling urine
• Consistently dark urine
• Blood in urine

Holding in pee for too long can also cause your bladder to stretch, making it difficult or even impossible for the bladder to contract and release pee normally. It can also damage your pelvic floor muscles or could lead to kidney stones.

World Toilet Day History And Significance

To prevent such conditions, it is important that everyone has access to clean and safe toilets. In terms of history, the day was established in 2001, by the World Toilet Organization (WTO), which was founded by Jack Sim. However, it was officially recognised by the UN in 2013. The Government of Singapore worked with WTO to create the first UN resolution called Sanitation for All.

India too promotes safe and hygiene toilet through its Swachh Bharat Yojna.

As Delhi and most of North India continue to face rising temperatures, doctors have raised concerns over worsening air pollution, warning that the combination is placing severe stress on the human body, even among otherwise healthy individuals.

HealthandMe spoke to experts to understand how the overlap of heatwaves and polluted air can affect health.

According to experts, extreme heat and pollution together are no longer just an environmental issue, but are emerging as a serious urban health emergency.

Also Read: AYUSH Ministry Shares Yoga, Ayurveda Tips To Beat Heatwave Stress

Dr. Amit Kumar Mandal, Senior Director - Pulmonology at Paras Health, explained that extreme heat combined with pollution forces multiple organs to work harder simultaneously.

“People often think heatwaves only affect the skin or cause dehydration, but when extreme heat combines with high pollution levels, the body starts functioning as if it is constantly under attack,” he said.

The expert explained that "the lungs are forced to work harder to filter hot, polluted air, while the heart simultaneously struggles to regulate body temperature. This invisible overload can quietly trigger inflammation, breathing distress, sudden BP fluctuations, and cardiac strain, even in people who otherwise consider themselves healthy".

Symptoms Often Missed

Also read: What Is The Best Low-Cost Solution For Panic Attacks?

Dr. Amit further noted that the subtle symptoms in the beginning often go unnoticed, making the combination even more dangerous.

The symptoms increasingly being seen during such weather conditions include

• persistent tiredness,
• irritability,
• disturbed sleep,
• headaches,
• chest heaviness,
• unusual breathlessness.

“Heat and pollution together are no longer just an environmental issue; they are emerging as a serious urban health emergency. Preventive care during summers now has to go beyond avoiding the sun; people need to actively protect their respiratory and cardiovascular health as well,” Dr. Amit told HealthandMe .

How Prolonged Exposure Can Affect Health

Dr. Rahul Punj, Senior Consultant - Internal Medicine at Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital, told HealthandMe that prolonged exposure to high temperatures and poor air quality can affect multiple systems in the body.

“Rising heat and increasing pollution levels are becoming major health concerns, especially in urban areas. Prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures and poor air quality can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, breathing difficulties, allergies, skin issues, and can even worsen heart and lung diseases. Children, elderly people, pregnant women, outdoor workers, and patients with asthma, COPD, or other chronic illnesses need to be extra cautious during this period,” he said.

How To Prevent Health Risks

Read More: Ebola Cases Cross 900, Death Toll Tops 200; 10 Countries On High Alert

Dr. Rahul advised people to take preventive measures seriously during heatwave conditions. Preventive measures that can help reduce health risks include:

• staying hydrated,
• avoiding direct sunlight during peak afternoon hours,
• wearing light cotton clothes,
• using masks in polluted areas,
• maintaining proper indoor ventilation.

Weather Today

Residents in Delhi continue to struggle against soaring temperatures and blazing sunshine. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a yellow alert for the next three days, warning of continued heatwave conditions along with strong surface winds during the afternoons and evenings.

The maximum temperatures are expected to increase by a further 1°C-2°C within the next 24 hours and are forecast to stay high until May 27.

The national capital recorded a maximum temperature of 43.6 degrees Celsius on Sunday, around 3.4 degrees above the seasonal average. The minimum temperature settled at 28.4 degrees Celsius in the morning, nearly two degrees above normal.

Last week, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) invoked Stage 1 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) across Delhi-NCR after the city’s air quality slipped into the ‘poor’ category.

Cases of the highly infectious and deadly Ebola virus have crossed over 900 in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, the World Health Organization said.

The outbreak has been identified as caused by the rare Bundibugyo strain, which differs from other known ebolaviruses, such as Zaire ebolavirus and Sudan ebolavirus. It also has no treatment or vaccine.

The death toll due to the disease has also reportedly surged over 200.

Also Read: Is Heatwave Giving You Anxiety? Psychologists Say Cleaning Up Could Give You Peace

"As surveillance efforts have been scaled up in the #DRC #Ebola response, more than 900 suspected cases have been identified so far, including 101 confirmed cases,” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), shared in a post on social media platform X.

"In Ituri province, the epicenter of the outbreak, nearly 5 million people live amid ongoing conflict. Today, 1 in 4 people are in need of humanitarian assistance, and 1 in 5 are internally displaced," he added.

Ebola Outbreak: 10 countries at risk

The ongoing Ebola outbreak is the 17th outbreak of Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is also the third recorded due to the rare Bundibugyo strain.

The outbreak, which has also spread to Uganda, has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the WHO.

According to the African Union's health agency, more countries on the continent are at risk of being affected by the Ebola virus.

"We have 10 countries at risk," said Jean Kaseya, head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), listing the following:

• Angola
• Burundi
• Central African Republic
• Republic of Congo
• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Rwanda
• South Sudan
• Tanzania
• Zambia.

Another reason for the spread is the ongoing violence against healthcare workers.

The WHO chief has also voiced out concerns of violence in affected countries that is "forcing people to flee, including health and humanitarian workers".

Last week, the Rwampara health centre was stormed by a group of angry residents demanding the bodies of relatives who had died from Ebola, according to local sources. A day later, a tent provided by Doctors Without Borders, also known by its acronym MSF, at a hospital in Mongbwalu in Ituri province was set on fire.

The adverse conditions has also displaced people, further increasing the transmission of the virus in crowded relief camps.

Tedros noted that "this is severely impeding efforts to scale up Ebola contact tracing and identify infections early enough to provide supportive care. Ongoing insecurity and fear are also fueling mistrust within communities".

Also read: Bundibugyo Ebola: Scientists Investigate Spillover Event

What Is Ebola?

Some symptoms can indicate a possible infection. This includes fever, weakness, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, and unexplained bleeding. This eventually leads to severe complications like bleeding, organ failure, and death. The hosts of the virus are animals like bats, primates, and antelopes.

WHO Says Vaccine Could Take Months

Meanwhile, the WHO says it could take up to nine months before a vaccine against this particular species of Ebola is ready.

Two possible "candidate vaccines" against the Bundibugyo species are being developed, but neither has gone through clinical trials yet, WHO advisor Dr. Vasee Moorthy said, according to the BBC.

In a remarkable emergency response, Dubai paramedics revived a man who collapsed from a heart attack, earning widespread praise on social media.

The man reportedly collapsed suddenly and showed no signs of consciousness or a pulse. People at the scene immediately alerted emergency services, who responded within minutes. The team began cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using an advanced CPR machine.

A video now going viral on social media shows paramedics arriving within minutes and performing CPR using the LUCAS 3 automatic chest compression device. The machine, which delivers high-quality chest compressions more consistently than manual CPR, helped circulate blood to vital organs and revived the man within minutes.

“Dubai’s emergency response looks like the future: a man collapses from a heart attack, paramedics arrive within minutes, strap on the LUCAS 3 automatic CPR device, and revive him right there,” a social media user wrote.

“If there were a machine like this, it would be a huge help because people wouldn’t have to perform CPR for a long time,” another user added.

How The LUCAS 3 Device Saves Lives

The LUCAS 3 chest compression system is a mechanical CPR device originally developed by Swedish startup Jolife AB in collaboration with Norwegian inventor Willy Vistung and cardiologist Stig Steen. The device and company were later acquired by medical technology company Stryker in 2016.

The device is designed to deliver continuous, high-quality chest compressions while reducing physical strain on caregivers.

According to the company, studies have shown that the LUCAS device can improve blood flow to the brain and achieve higher EtCO2 values compared to manual chest compressions. With more than 50,000 devices in use worldwide, including within the Dubai Corporation for Ambulance Services, a patient is reportedly treated using the device approximately every minute, it added.

What Is CPR? How To Give CPR?

CPR, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, is an emergency life-saving technique used when a person stops breathing or their heart stops beating. Quick action is critical, as CPR can double or even triple a person’s chances of survival.

Steps to keep in Mind While Giving CPR

Step 1: Check The Surroundings

Ensure the area is safe by checking for dangers such as traffic, fire, or falling objects.

Step 2: Position The Person

Lay the person on their back on a firm surface and open the airway by tilting the head back slightly. Check the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it carefully if possible.

Step 3: Check Breathing

Listen for breathing sounds for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally, begin CPR immediately.

Step 4: Chest Compressions

Place the heel of one hand at the center of the chest, slightly below the nipple line. Place your other hand on top and interlock your fingers. Keep your elbows straight and push hard and fast — about 2 inches deep — at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Allow the chest to rise fully between compressions.

Step 5: Rescue Breaths

After 30 compressions, tilt the person’s head back, lift the chin, pinch the nose shut, and seal your mouth over theirs. Give two rescue breaths, each lasting about one second, while watching for chest rise. If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and try again.

Step 6: Repeat The Cycle

Continue alternating 30 chest compressions with 2 rescue breaths until the person starts breathing or emergency medical professionals arrive.

Key Considerations For CPR

• CPR should be used in emergencies such as cardiac arrest, drowning, choking, or severe trauma.

• Always confirm that the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally before starting CPR.

• CPR is intended for emergency situations. If a healthcare professional is nearby, seek their assistance immediately.