Every year, World Toilet Day is observed to raise awareness about the global sanitation crisis and encourage action to solve it. The goal set by the United Nation is to achieve safe toilets for all by 2023, as a part of their Sustainable Development Goals.

The UN also states that 3.5 billion people live without proper sanitation and many children also lose their lives due to poor sanitation and unsafe water. This is why World Toilet Day is observed to raise awareness on this issue.

Theme

This year, the theme for World Toilet Day 2024 is "Toilets - A Place for Peace'. This focuses on the growing threat to sanitation that is caused by conflict, climate change, disaster and neglect. When there is a threat to using toilets, it can lead to many health risks.

Not using toilets for too long may lead to Urinary Tract Infection or UTI. For many who do not have access to clean toilets do not drink enough liquid or hold pee for too long. Doctors suggest that holding in pee for too long can cause bacteria to multiply and lead to UTI. By not drinking enough water, your bladder fails to tell the body to pee often, and can cause the bacteria to spread through the urinary tract, which can lead to infection.

Symptoms of UTI:

• Burning or stinging feeling while urinating
• Pain in pelvis or lower abdomen
• Constant urge to empty the bladder
• Strong or foul smelling urine
• Consistently dark urine
• Blood in urine

Holding in pee for too long can also cause your bladder to stretch, making it difficult or even impossible for the bladder to contract and release pee normally. It can also damage your pelvic floor muscles or could lead to kidney stones.

World Toilet Day History And Significance

To prevent such conditions, it is important that everyone has access to clean and safe toilets. In terms of history, the day was established in 2001, by the World Toilet Organization (WTO), which was founded by Jack Sim. However, it was officially recognised by the UN in 2013. The Government of Singapore worked with WTO to create the first UN resolution called Sanitation for All.

India too promotes safe and hygiene toilet through its Swachh Bharat Yojna.

Sharing an update on her husband Bruce Willis’s dementia battle, Emma Heming Willis said he is supported, loved, and cared for by the family.

“You know, we’re doing well. My husband is supported and loved and we’re doing the best we can under the circumstances,” she shared during an interview on Today.

Emma, who disclosed Bruce Willis’s, frontotemporal dementia diagnosis in 2023, is now his primary caregiver.

What Is Frontotemporal Dementia?

According to the Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration, there is currently no cure or treatment for the condition.

Frontotemporal dementia is a less common type of dementia that mainly affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. It impacts behavior, personality, language, and movement more than memory, especially in the early stages.

Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, which generally affects older adults, FTD can develop earlier in life — sometimes as young as 40.

Symptoms may include personality changes, emotional flatness, lack of empathy, impulsive behavior, and communication difficulties, making the condition especially challenging for families and caregivers.

Also: Bruce Willis Has Become More ‘Tender’ Amid Dementia Battle, Says Daughter

Heming Willis On Prioritizing Brain Health

Alongside the demands of caregiving for her 71-year-old husband, Heming Willis said she makes self-care and brain health a priority.

“What I’ve learned is that it’s so important to care for ourselves. If we’re not caring for ourselves, how can we care for the people that we love in our lives?” she said.

“So it’s really important to prioritize our health, to prioritize our brain health. There’s actually actionable things we can do today to support our brain tomorrow,” she added.

Heming Willis also spoke about experiencing “a crazy amount of brain fog” a few years ago, which inspired her to launch her company, Make Time Wellness, focused on encouraging women to pay attention to their overall and brain health.

“I went to my doctor. I was telling him my symptoms, and he basically dismissed me saying, ‘You know what? You’re stressed. You’re not sleeping enough. You have mommy brain. Don’t worry, you’re going to be just fine,’” she recalled.

“I remember leaving and thinking that wasn’t the answer that I wanted.”

She later visited a brain health specialist who encouraged her to make lifestyle changes to better support her brain health.

Heming Willis had previously opened up about caregiving in September, sharing that the way she communicates with her husband has had to change over time.

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How Can We Tackle Caregiver Fatigue?

Caregivers for people with dementia are more likely to feel overwhelmed compared to those caring for individuals with other health conditions.

Experts suggest that when caregivers experience extreme stress and struggle to cope, considering additional professional support or long-term care options may help reduce the burden. Maintaining physical fitness and prioritizing mental well-being can also help caregivers lower stress levels and reduce the risk of depression.

As the true number of COVID-19 cases and deaths is believed to be higher than reported, a new study suggests that the actual toll of long COVID may also double than the current estimates.

The research, led by Mass General Brigham, found that many long COVID cases remain hidden because current surveillance systems rely heavily on diagnostic codes that fail to capture a large number of patients.

Using a novel AI algorithm, researchers analyzed medical records of nearly 460,000 COVID-19 patients across 58 hospitals in the United States. The findings showed that approximately one in six people — around 16 per cent — developed long COVID, translating to more than 18 million Americans.

The figures are nearly double current estimates and highlight the growing burden of chronic health conditions following COVID-19 infection. The study was published in JAMA Network Open.

“Over 10 million people with long COVID would go entirely undetected by the diagnostic code that health systems and policymakers rely on to track the disease burden,” said corresponding author Hossein Estiri, a faculty member in the Mass General Brigham Department of Medicine.

“The figures we uncovered are almost certainly an undercount,” he added.

Researchers noted that current diagnostic coding systems, including the ICD code U09.9 for post-COVID conditions, identify fewer than 7 per cent of long COVID patients.

What Did The Study Find?

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The study analyzed electronic health records from 457,950 patients who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 across four US regions — New England, Southeast Texas, Southern California and Western Pennsylvania.

Overall, 16.3 per cent of patients were identified with long COVID, with regional rates ranging from 13.6 per cent to 22.7 per cent.

The researchers also found significant regional differences in long COVID symptoms and related conditions, including varying rates of prediabetes, which is emerging as a possible long-term effect of COVID-19.

The study authors noted that undocumented infections — which became more common after widespread testing declined — were not included in the analysis. Patients without long-term medical records were also excluded, suggesting the actual burden of long COVID could be even higher.

“These patients are not absent from clinical care; they are absent from the diagnostic code that would identify them as long COVID patients,” said lead author Jiazi Tian, a data scientist in the Clinical Augmented Intelligence Group at Mass General Brigham.

“The cardiologist seeing new dysautonomia, the endocrinologist seeing new metabolic disease, the neurologist seeing unexplained cognitive complaints — some of these presentations are long COVID arriving without the label that would connect them to a COVID-19 infection,” Tian added.

What Is Long COVID?

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Long COVID refers to symptoms that continue for three months or longer after the initial COVID-19 infection.

Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Brain fog
• Headaches
• Breathlessness
• Altered sense of smell or taste

Researchers say many long COVID conditions are still being studied, and some people may experience multiple symptoms at the same time.

The birth rate in England and Wales has been plummeting continuously over the past few years. In 2025, the same trend continued for the fourth year in a row as the birth rate in the island nation had dropped. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has reported that the birth rate is at its lowest in the last 50 years.

Though this downward birth rate trend is not a recent occurrence, as it was in 2010 when it started to steadily decline. In 2025, the United Kingdom had 585,000 live births, which was 10,000 fewer than the year before and the lowest overall figure since 1977.

The estimated number of children born per woman also fell under 1.4 for England and Wales in 2025, down from 1.9 in 2010. Along with this decline, women are also marrying later at 29.6 years of age. This is about two years older than it was in 2010, when the fall birth rate began.

Other than this huge dip in birth rate, most notably, 4 in 10 children born since 2010 have at least one foreign-born parent, while in 2010 it was 30 percent.

Is the United States In The Same Downward Spiral?

The US is facing a long-term decline in birth rates. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that more than 3.6 million babies were born in 2024. This is just a 1% increase from the previous year, which had been the lowest record in births. While this uptick may seem encouraging, it is not enough to reverse the troubling trend.

The US fertility rate remains around 1.6 births per woman. This is significantly below the 2.1 births required to sustain the population growth without immigration.

As per the demographers, this continuous drop began during the Great Recession in 2007. It has continued steadily since.

One of the biggest shifts is the steep decline in teen births. In 1991, about 62 of every 1,000 teenage girls had a child. This number has now fallen to just under 13 by 2024. This is a historic low that reflects a positive shift, better education, access to contraception, and changing attitudes about early parenthood.

A similar trend is seen among women in their 20s, as the rates there, too, have dropped. In 2007, about 106 of every 1,000 women aged 20 to 24 gave birth. By 2024, the number has dropped to around 57. For women aged 25 to 29, the rate fell from 118 in every 1,000 women in 2007 to 91 in 2024.