Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, and go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the second most common cause of death globally, accounting for millions of deaths every year. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical and thyroid cancer are the most common among women. However, these are not necessarily the deadliest forms of cancer.

What makes cancer the deadliest depends upon how many people have it and what percentage of those people actually survive. Cancer researchers determine this on the basis of five-year relative survival. This is the percentage of people who are expected to survive the effects of a given cancer, excluding their risk of other possible causes of death, for five years past a diagnosis. It is also important to note that what makes cancer really deadly is that practically no cure for it. A cure for cancer would imply that there are no cancerous cells remaining in the body.

Here are the 5 deadliest cancers in the U.S., according to SEER five-year relative survival data for cases diagnosed between 2014 and 2020.

1. Pancreatic cancer occurs when cells in your pancreas, a gland in your abdomen that aids digestion, mutate and multiply out of control, forming a tumour. Major risk factors include smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, certain genetic mutations and environmental chemical exposure.

2. Esophageal cancer develops in the oesophagus, which is the tube that connects your throat to your stomach.

3. Liver cancer and intrahepatic bile duct cancer originate in the liver or bile ducts, often linked to hepatitis infections, heavy alcohol use, obesity, and aflatoxin exposure.

4. Lung and bronchus cancer primarily caused by smoking, secondhand smoke, and environmental pollutants, affects the lungs and airways, making it the leading cause of cancer death in the US.

5. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood and bone marrow cancer that progresses rapidly, often linked to genetic mutations, radiation exposure, and certain chemicals.

ALSO READ: Why Are Lifestyle Factors Making Millennials Vulnerable To Cancer?

The UK government has announced plans to accelerate the country’s move away from animal testing in science, with £22 million earmarked for projects that use human-based alternatives to test treatments.

The government said the investment could help patients gain faster access to more effective medicines while reducing the need for animal testing.

The strategy, drawn up in 2025 under then Prime Minister Keir Starmer, aims to accelerate the development and use of alternative research methods known as “new approach methodologies” (NAMs). These include organoids, organ-on-a-chip systems and artificial intelligence to model biological processes and analyse data.

2.54 Million Animal Testing Procedures in 2025

The latest data showed that 2.54 million animal testing procedures were carried out in Great Britain in 2025, down 3.8% from 2024.

Science Minister Chris McDonald said the new investment would support researchers in developing alternatives to animal testing.

“This is all about backing our world-leading researchers and innovators to improve lives, giving them the tools they need to deliver more effective treatments for horrendous diseases like cancer, while also preventing the need for animal testing wherever possible,” McDonald said.

“It’s also a boost for our life sciences sector – with British firms using samples donated by real people and harnessing AI to predict how a medicine behaves – fueling opportunities for new investment and new jobs, and ensuring Britain is better off,” he added.

What Is Being Proposed?

A major part of the investment is a £20 million Pre-clinical Translational Models Hub in Cambridge. The centre will develop and share models of human tissue grown from cells donated by NHS patients, allowing researchers to test new treatments.

The new hub will focus on organoids — tiny, simplified versions of human organs or tissues, such as the gut, tumours and brain, grown from patient cells.

In addition, nine new high-tech projects worth £2 million will develop alternative ways to test medicines using human biology rather than animals.

These include beating heart cells in a dish, lab-grown human ear models and AI systems that predict how drugs move through the body.

The government said these approaches could help treatments for conditions such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease be developed faster and more precisely, while reducing reliance on traditional animal studies.

How Will Miniature Human Organs Help Drug Testing?

Because organoids retain important features of a patient’s own biology, researchers can use them to study how a real person may respond to a drug.

They can provide additional insights that complement information currently obtained through animal studies.

Scientists at universities and drug companies will be able to use these models in their own laboratories to identify which medicines are worth pursuing. The government said this could help reduce the time needed to bring potentially life-changing treatments to patients.

“Because these miniature human tissues retain many of the unique biological characteristics of the individual patient, they allow us to understand disease more accurately and test potential treatments before they ever reach the clinic,” said Professor Matthias Zilbauer of the University of Cambridge.

“This has the potential to bring more effective, personalised treatments to patients while reducing the time and cost of developing new medicines and our reliance on animal models,” he added.

Will This End Animal Testing?

Researchers have stressed that the new methods will not completely replace animal testing in the near future.

“We’re not saying there won’t be any animal use in the near or foreseeable future, because there are still certain issues that cannot be tested in these new models, but the reduction is very real,” Zilbauer, a clinical professor of paediatric gastroenterology at the Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, told The Guardian.

Amid a crackdown on manufacturers selling unsafe food products, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has now turned its attention to food claims such as “immunity booster” and “nutrient-rich” endorsed by celebrities and social media influencers.

FSSAI Asks Influencers To Verify Food Claims

With millions of followers, celebrities and digital creators have become an increasingly popular channel for brands marketing health drinks, protein supplements, snacks and packaged foods.

“When you say ‘boosts immunity’, ‘rich in nutrients’, consumers trust you. Make sure every claim deserves that trust,” FSSAI said.

The food regulator asked influencers to verify that every claim made by a brand is:

• Truthful
• Scientifically substantiated
• Compliant with food safety regulations

FSSAI warned that misleading food advertisements and endorsements can have legal consequences.

Under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, and the Food Safety and Standards (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018, misleading food advertisements and endorsements are prohibited and may attract legal action and penalties.

Also read: Why Indian Doctors Are Seeking A Ban On Junk Food Ads And Mandatory Warning Labels On Packaging?

FSSAI Steps Up Food Safety

In recent weeks, FSSAI has acted against or scrutinized products and companies over misleading claims, hygiene and food-safety violations, non-compliant ingredients, labelling issues and failure to meet prescribed standards.

The action has covered packaged foods, liquor, edible oils, sweeteners and high-caffeine beverages. The latest move involves tightening packaging rules for pan masala.

New Pan Masala Packaging Rules

Under the new Food Safety and Standards (Packaging) Amendment Regulations, 2026, notified on August 10, pan masala packaging can no longer use plastic-based materials, plastic laminates, aluminium foil or metallised layers.

Pan masala can now be packaged in materials made of paper, paperboard, cellulose and other naturally derived materials, provided they are completely free from plastic and synthetic polymers. Tin and glass containers are also allowed.

The decision follows an earlier draft notification issued by FSSAI in April, which proposed adding specific packaging materials for pan masala to the food packaging regulations.

Why Is FSSAI Targeting Pan Masala Packaging?

Read More: World Organ Donation Day 2026: Too Old Or Too Sick To Donate Organs? Doctors Bust Key Myths

Pan masala sachets have traditionally relied heavily on plastic and foil materials as they are lightweight, inexpensive and shield the contents from moisture.

However, such multilayer plastic packaging is difficult to recycle and contributes to persistent plastic waste. The new rules push manufacturers towards packaging made of paper and other naturally derived materials that will not harm the environment.

This does not mean that pan masala itself is safer to consume. Pan masala, particularly products containing tobacco or areca nut, continues to be harmful. The regulation is primarily about packaging standards and waste.

Taiwan’s Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) has recalled of 87,360 tablets of a blood pressure medication after a specific batch failed a quality test. Health officials raised concerns, saying that the drug may not work as effectively as expected.

The recall involves Beniel F.C. Tablets 8 mg, manufactured by Synmosa Biopharma Corp. The affected batch is 2KA31, and the medicine contains benidipine hydrochloride, a drug used to treat high blood pressure.

Why Has The Blood Pressure Medicine Been Recalled?

The problem was first identified during a stability test of the drug, which found that the tablets failed to meet the required dissolution standards.

In simple terms, a dissolution test is conducted to check how a tablet breaks down and releases its active ingredient under controlled conditions.

This is an important test as a tablet has to release the medicine in the proper way for the body to absorb it and for the drug to produce its intended effect.

Also read: Blood Pressure, Heart Medicines May Boost Effectiveness Of Antidepressants, AIIMS Study Finds

What Is Benidipine And How Does It Work?

Benidipine hydrochloride belongs to a group of drugs called calcium channel blockers. These medicines help lower blood pressure by relaxing and widening blood vessels. This enables the blood to flow more easily and reduces the pressure against artery walls.

That is why a problem affecting how a tablet dissolves can matter. If the active ingredient is not released into the body as expected, the medicine may not deliver its intended therapeutic effect.

Also read: Why Are More Women Under 35 Reporting Heart-Related Symptoms?

Is There A Risk Of Medicine Shortage?

According to the TFDA, there is no immediate concern of medication shortage. Other batches of Beniel F.C. Tablets 8 mg are not affected, and the manufacturer has sufficient inventory.

Production of the drug will also not been stopped. Taiwan News reported that two other products containing the same active ingredient are also authorised for sale.

The manufacturer has been ordered to complete the recall by August 24 and submit an investigation report along with corrective and preventive measures for future production.

Also read: Smoking, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure May Fuel the Most Dangerous Type of Artery Plaque, Study Finds

What Should Patients Taking Medicine From Recalled Batch Do?

Patients should not stop their blood pressure medication on their own. The TFDA advised people who are concerned about their prescription to speak with their doctor about whether an alternative medicine is necessary.

The recall highlights an often overlooked part of medication safety: a medicine can contain the correct active ingredient but still fail a quality test if its physical properties affect how the drug is released. For now, the concern is focused on one specific batch, rather than the entire Beniel F.C. product line.