Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, and go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the second most common cause of death globally, accounting for millions of deaths every year. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical and thyroid cancer are the most common among women. However, these are not necessarily the deadliest forms of cancer.

What makes cancer the deadliest depends upon how many people have it and what percentage of those people actually survive. Cancer researchers determine this on the basis of five-year relative survival. This is the percentage of people who are expected to survive the effects of a given cancer, excluding their risk of other possible causes of death, for five years past a diagnosis. It is also important to note that what makes cancer really deadly is that practically no cure for it. A cure for cancer would imply that there are no cancerous cells remaining in the body.

Here are the 5 deadliest cancers in the U.S., according to SEER five-year relative survival data for cases diagnosed between 2014 and 2020.

1. Pancreatic cancer occurs when cells in your pancreas, a gland in your abdomen that aids digestion, mutate and multiply out of control, forming a tumour. Major risk factors include smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, certain genetic mutations and environmental chemical exposure.

2. Esophageal cancer develops in the oesophagus, which is the tube that connects your throat to your stomach.

3. Liver cancer and intrahepatic bile duct cancer originate in the liver or bile ducts, often linked to hepatitis infections, heavy alcohol use, obesity, and aflatoxin exposure.

4. Lung and bronchus cancer primarily caused by smoking, secondhand smoke, and environmental pollutants, affects the lungs and airways, making it the leading cause of cancer death in the US.

5. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood and bone marrow cancer that progresses rapidly, often linked to genetic mutations, radiation exposure, and certain chemicals.

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People in the UK can, from today, access the Wegovy weight loss pill through pharmacies with a doctor's prescription. It is the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) medicine approved in the UK for weight loss.

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approved the tablet on June 11, marking the first oral GLP-1 treatment available in the country for obesity management.

"Having met the MHRA's rigorous standards of safety, quality and effectiveness, the semaglutide tablet has been approved in the UK for weight loss and weight management," Julian Beach, Executive Director of Healthcare Quality and Access at the MHRA, said in a statement.

"As with all GLP-1 receptor agonists, this is a prescription-only medication," Beach added.

Novo Nordisk called it an "important milestone for obesity care in the UK".

"For the first time, people living with obesity have access to a GLP-1 treatment in a daily pill, allowing them the choice and flexibility of oral treatment to support their long-term weight management," said Sebnem Avsar Tuna, General Manager at Novo Nordisk UK.

Wegovy Weight Loss Pill: Who Is Eligible?

Also read: US Medicare Set To Cover GLP-1 Drugs For Weight Loss: All You Should Know About Eligibility, Costs

The semaglutide (Wegovy) tablet can be prescribed alongside a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for adults who:

• Have obesity (BMI of 30 or above), or
• Are overweight (BMI between 27 and 30) and have at least one weight-related comorbidity.

Wegovy Weight Loss Pill Dosage

Patients must begin with the lowest dose of 1.5 mg once daily, which can be gradually increased to:

• 4 mg
• 9 mg
• 25 mg

People currently taking 2.4 mg weekly semaglutide injections privately can switch directly to 25 mg semaglutide tablets once daily.

Wegovy: How To Take The Tablet

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According to the MHRA, the tablet should be:

• Taken whole on an empty stomach after fasting for at least eight hours.
• Swallowed with a small sip of water.
• Followed by no food or drink for at least 30 minutes, as eating or drinking sooner reduces the drug's absorption.

Patients are advised to carefully follow the instructions in the Patient Information Leaflet.

How Does Wegovy Work?

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics the action of the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone released after eating.

It acts on areas of the brain that regulate appetite by:

• Helping people feel fuller for longer.
• Reducing hunger.
• Decreasing food cravings.

Wegovy: Is It Available On The NHS?

Not yet. Although the medicine has received MHRA approval, it is not currently available through the NHS.

The MHRA said NHS availability will depend on the usual evaluation process by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

NICE said Novo Nordisk has not yet formally approached it, but that it is in active discussions with the company, BBC reported.

Wegovy Weight Loss Pill: What Are The Side Effects?

The most commonly reported side effects are gastrointestinal and include:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Vomiting

The MHRA said it will continue to monitor the medicine's safety and effectiveness. Anyone experiencing side effects should speak to their doctor, pharmacist, or nurse and report them through the MHRA Yellow Card scheme.

Pharmacies Expect High Demand

Community pharmacies say they are preparing for a surge in demand following the launch. The National Pharmacy Association (NPA) urged patients to obtain the medicine only from regulated pharmacies following a proper clinical consultation.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is battling one of its deadliest Ebola outbreaks in recent years. While it is driving innovation in medical science with new clinical trials and diagnostic tests, it is also a stark reminder of the urgency to contain the outbreak as soon as possible.

What Makes This Ebola Outbreak Deadlier?

According to the latest data, the death toll in DRC has now crossed 500 with at least 1,528 cases that are reported and confirmed.

While Ebola is not a new disease, the current outbreak stands apart because it is being caused by a rare strain of the virus, Bundibugyo.

Unlike previous outbreaks dominated by the Zaire strain of Ebola, the current epidemic, caused by the Bundibugyo virus, is a much less common species of the Ebola virus family.

The rarity of the strain has created unique scientific and emergency public health challenges, as there is currently no licensed vaccine designed to protect against Bundibugyo Ebola virus.

During outbreaks caused by the Zaire strain, vaccination became an important part of outbreak control. In the current epidemic, however, public health officials are being forced to rely heavily on rapid diagnosis, infection prevention, surveillance, and existing medical care.

Read more: Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak Grips NYC After At Least 14 Cases Reported Across 2 Neighborhoods

Bundibugyo Ebola Virus: Latest Developments

WHO Clears First Diagnostic Test

In a major scientific breakthrough, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently added the first molecular diagnostic test for the Bundibugyo Ebola virus to its Emergency Use Listing (EUL).

The test detects the virus's genetic material in blood samples, enabling laboratories to confirm infections more quickly and accurately.

First Treatment Trial Underway

WHO and its partners have launched the first clinical trial specifically evaluating treatments for Bundibugyo Ebola virus disease.

Researchers are testing the experimental monoclonal antibody MBP134, the antiviral drug remdesivir, and a combination of both to determine whether they can improve survival.

About Bundibugyo Ebola Virus

The Bundibugyo virus was first identified in Uganda in 2007 and has caused only a few outbreaks since then. As infections have been relatively uncommon compared to the Zaire strain, researchers have had limited opportunities to develop vaccines, treatments and diagnostic tests.

Due to this, healthcare workers have been compelled to rely primarily on rapid isolation of patients, intensive supportive care, contact tracing, and strict infection prevention measures to slow transmission.

Currently, Eastern DRC is the hotspot for the Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak, where conflict, population displacement, skepticism, and insecurity have made it difficult for health workers to reach affected locations.

Here, access to healthcare still remains uneven in many areas. Additionally, movement of people across districts and states in the country can accelerate the spread of infection significantly.

As scientists race to validate new diagnostics and evaluate experimental treatments, the Bundibugyo outbreak is becoming more than a public health emergency. It is also serving as a critical test of how quickly the global health community can develop and deploy new tools against an emerging infectious disease.

The health authorities in New York City are currently investigating an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease after at least 14 people were diagnosed with the potentially life-threatening respiratory illness across two neighborhoods in Manhattan. The recent outbreak prompted an urgent public health response.

Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak IN NYC

The outbreak, initially marked with just two cases earlier this week, has grown rapidly. Cases of infections were reported in Carnegie Hill and Yorkville on the Upper East Side.

The New York City Department of Health has immediately launched an investigation to identify the source of the outbreak and is inspecting cooling towers and other water systems in the affected areas, where the Legionella bacteria commonly thrive.

Authorities have urged residents and visitors who were in the neighborhoods in recent days to seek medical attention if they face symptoms like fever, cough or difficulty breathing.

What is Legionnaires' Disease?

The bacteria naturally occur in freshwater environments but can multiply in man-made water systems that are poorly maintained, including:

• Cooling towers used for large air-conditioning systems

• Hot tubs and spas

• Public fountains

• Large plumbing systems

• Water tanks and heaters

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Symptoms:

Symptoms of Legionnaire's disease appear 2 to 14 days after exposure, although they can sometimes take longer. The common symptoms of Legionnaires' disease include:

• High fever

• Persistent cough

• Shortness of breath

• Chills

• Muscle aches

• Headache

Some patients, particularly older adults, may also develop nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or confusion. As the illness closely resembles other forms of pneumonia, laboratory testing is usually required to confirm the diagnosis.

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Treatment & Prevention

Legionnaires' disease is treatable with antibiotics, and early diagnosis greatly improves recovery. However, delayed treatment can lead to severe complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, or multi-organ failure.

The disease can be fatal, especially among older adults and people with underlying health conditions.

While the overall fatality rate is around 10% in otherwise healthy individuals, it can be considerably higher in vulnerable patients if treatment is delayed.

Although most people are unlikely to be exposed, experts recommend:

• Seeking immediate medical care for pneumonia-like symptoms, particularly if you are in a high-risk group.

• Ensuring building water systems, cooling towers, and hot tubs are properly maintained.

• Avoiding smoking as it increases susceptibility to the severe disease.

• Following public health advisories during ongoing outbreak investigations.

What Should You Do If You're Infected?

If you feel ill and experience the symptoms of Legionnaire's, watch for signs, especially respiratory distress, fever, or extreme tiredness. Health officials recommend the following:

• Contact your healthcare provider immediately if symptoms appear

• Inform them of your recent travel to potentially affected areas

• Get tested if symptoms suggest pneumonia or related complications

Health Officials Act On Outbreak Control

New York City health officials are testing cooling towers and other potential environmental sources in the affected neighborhoods to identify where the bacteria may have originated. Property owners are immediately required to disinfect contaminated cooling towers if Legionella is detected.

Officials have emphasized that residents can continue using home air conditioners and public cooling centers, as these systems do not typically spread the bacteria in the same way as large industrial cooling towers.