Heart attacks and strokes are among the leading causes of death globally, with millions suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) every year. There are more than seven million people in the UK alone, with about 100,000 patients experiencing heart attacks annually. However, a group of researchers at University College London (UCL) estimate that one 'polypill' taken daily day could eliminate a majority of these cases dramatically lowering death tolls.

The proposed polypill, a combination of a statin and three blood pressure-lowering drugs, has been under study for over two decades. Experts argue that introducing this pill universally for individuals aged 50 and above could be more effective than the current NHS Health Check, which assesses risk factors every five years for those aged between 40 and 74.

Studies have repeatedly proven the effectiveness of the polypill in preventing CVD. A groundbreaking 2019 study in The Lancet found that five years' use of the polypill cut the risk of heart attack and stroke by a third. In addition, previous modelling analyses have estimated that if given universally to people over 55, the polypill might be able to prevent 80% of heart attacks and strokes.

Today, the NHS Health Check follows a risk-based model in which patients are tested for CVD risk factors and treated with drugs accordingly. Yet, as per UCL's study, this system has serious flaws:

Low Uptake: Just 40% of those eligible for the NHS Health Check choose to have it, leaving a considerable number of at-risk patients undiagnosed and untreated.

Ineffective Prediction of Risk: The majority of heart attacks and strokes happen to people at average risk levels, thus making it challenging to identify the need for intervention effectively.

Limited Effectiveness: Even at maximum take-up, the NHS Health Check programme is predicted to have fewer health impacts compared to a polypill initiative applied to the whole population.

Simplicity and Affordability of the Polypill Strategy

One of the big benefits of the polypill is that it is so easy. In contrast to the existing screening-based model, the polypill scheme would not involve complicated medical tests or lengthy risk assessments. Instead, people reaching 50 would just have to fill out a few questions to determine possible side effects before they were prescribed.

Professor Aroon Hingorani of the UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, one of the strongest proponents of this scheme, says:

"Finally, the time is now to do much better on prevention. A population approach would prevent a lot more heart attacks and strokes than is done today with a strategy of trying to target a smaller group only."

Aside from the possible health implications, the polypill is also an economic solution. The drugs used are off-patent, thus cheap to produce and distribute. With the vast economic cost of managing CVD-related illnesses, a preventive model could result in substantial cost-saving for the NHS in the future.

The polypill has been proven to be effective by numerous international trials. In 2019, a randomised trial in rural Iran discovered that participants who took the polypill for five years had a 34% reduced risk of having a heart attack or stroke compared to non-participants.

Likewise, modelling research has indicated that even if only 8% of people aged over 50 took up the polypill regimen, it would still be more beneficial to their health than the NHS Health Check programme.

Is This a Case of Over-Medicalisation?

One of the main objections to the polypill strategy is the suggestion that it might result in the unnecessary medicalisation of a significant proportion of the population. But, it is argued, it should be considered as a preventative measure, not as mass medication.

Professor Sir Nicholas Wald of UCL's Institute of Health Informatics explains:

"Instead of being a 'medicalisation' of a significant proportion of the population, a polypill programme is a prevention measure to prevent an individual from becoming a patient."

He compares it with public health measures like water fluoridation or compulsory seatbelts—interventions that have been shown to have a significant impact in reducing public health danger at low individual cost.

With the evidence in favour of the polypill's effectiveness and viability overwhelming, experts are calling on the NHS to act now. It is their belief that substituting the NHS Health Check with a polypill-based prevention program could be the UK government's flagship policy under its pledge to put disease prevention ahead of cure.

As Professor Hingorani points out, "The status quo is not a justifiable option." With CVD still a major cause of death globally, taking a population-wide polypill approach could be a turning point for preventative medicine, potentially saving thousands of lives annually. The question now is whether the NHS will take up this call and establish a policy with the potential to transform the prevention of cardiovascular disease on a national level.

Billy Connolly Parkinson's Disease: Martin Compston, Sottish actor and former footballer praised Sir Billy Connolly, actor, comedian and musician, for handling his Parkinson's disease in an "incredibly brave" way.

The 83-year-old comedian was diagnosed in 2013, and five years post that, in 2018, he announced his retirement. Compston who is also co-host of Hoolie In The Hydro, said that the Scottish comedian battled the disease "with a smile on his face and cracking jokes that only Billy can."

He said, "Obviously, Billy’s been battling Parkinson’s but he’s been battling incredibly bravely and again he’s done it with a smile on his face and cracking jokes that only Billy can. I’m hoping he’s with us for a long time to come.”

Billy Connolly Health Update

In 2024, Billy made an admission about death amid his ongoing health struggles. In his 2023 autobiography, he mocked the "exaggerated" reports of his "demise". However, the actor-comedian said that he has maintained a positive outlook about his health and that he does not feel "close to death".

In an interview with The Mirror, he said that he remembers the day when he was told he had Parkinson's was the same day he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. "Yes, it was a funny week I had. On the Monday, I had hearing aids. On the Tuesday I got pills for heartburn, which I have to take all the time, and on the Wednesday, I got news that I had prostate cancer and Parkinson’s."

He shared that the best way to deal with such a news is to start thinking about the next step, which is the treatment. "You just have to think. Don't think you are being badly treated [by life] or you have the bad pick of the straws. You are one of millions. Just behave yourself and relax."

Connolly got the all-clear from prostate cancer after receiving treatment, reported the Independent.

Read: Can You Detect Dementia With An Eye Test?

As far as Parkinson's is concerned, his wife, Pamela Stephenson had said that her husband had the "most significant" symptom of the disease, which was a "couple of serious falls" that happened after his balance deteriorated due to Parkinson's.

Talking to Guardian, Billy said, "Recently I've noticed a deterioration in my balance. That was never such a problem before, but in the last year that has come and it has stayed. For some reason, I thought it would go away because a lot of the symptoms have come and gone away."

Prostate Cancer And Parkinson's Disease In Men Aged 40-50

The John Hopkins Medicine recommends screening for prostate cancer at age 55, and start their PSA screening between ages 40 to 54.

What Is Prostate Cancer? Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In many cases, it grows slowly, and detecting or treating it before symptoms appear may not always improve health outcomes or extend life. Learn more about prostate cancer, including screening, prevention, treatment options, research, and key statistics.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke says that while an average age of onset of Parkinson's disease in a person is in early to mid 60s, there could be some people who may have the disease before the age of 50.

In fact, a 2019 study in the Journal of Parkinson's Disease notes that while the mortality rate of Parkinson's disease is higher in women, risk of developing it is twice as high in men than women.

What Is Parkinson's Disease? Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressing disorder that affects movement and the nervous system. It develops when certain nerve cells in the brain weaken, become damaged, or die. As a result, people may experience tremors, stiffness, slowed movement, and balance problems. Over time, these symptoms can make everyday activities like walking, talking, and simple tasks more difficult.

Three children from Ottawa and Eastern Ontario have died due to flu-related complications over the past two weeks, as an unusually early and aggressive flu season grips the region. Health officials have confirmed that the cases are linked to Influenza A, a strain currently circulating widely and affecting children more severely than usual, as per CTV news.

The children were between five and nine years old. Authorities have not released further personal details about the two Ottawa cases and one case from Eastern Ontario.

What Is Influenza A?

Influenza A is a fast-spreading respiratory virus responsible for seasonal flu outbreaks and, at times, global pandemics. It changes quickly through genetic shifts, which makes new strains harder to predict and control. The virus is grouped based on surface proteins called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, with H1N1 and H3N2 among the most common strains in circulation. It spreads mainly through coughs, sneezes, or close contact and often comes on suddenly, causing fever, cough, body pain, and extreme tiredness. In some cases, it can lead to serious complications, especially in vulnerable groups.

Influenza A: Health Officials Call Deaths a Serious Warning

Public health leaders from Ottawa and Eastern Ontario described the deaths as a troubling reminder of how dangerous the flu can be, especially for children.

“This highlights that influenza is not always a mild illness. It can lead to serious complications that require hospitalization,” medical officers of health from both regions said in a joint statement issued on Monday, as per CTV News.

Influenza A: Child Flu Deaths Rare but Not Unprecedented in Canada

While flu-related deaths among children are uncommon in Canada, they are not unheard of. During the last severe flu season in 2022, two children in Ottawa died due to influenza.

Most flu-related deaths in Canada occur among older adults. Of the estimated 3,500 flu deaths reported nationwide each year, roughly 90 percent involve people over the age of 65. However, experts say the current Influenza A strain is behaving differently.

Influenza A Hitting Children Hard This Season

The strain of Influenza A currently circulating has been linked to a sharp rise in severe pediatric flu cases globally. Health officials say the cluster of three child deaths within such a short period, and within a relatively small geographic area, is highly unusual.

This unusual pattern prompted the regional coroner to alert public health authorities after three sudden, unexpected child deaths tested positive for Influenza A.

“It’s rare for the coroner to reach out like this,” said Dr. Trevor Arnason, Ottawa’s medical officer of health. “But this season has been particularly severe.”

Influenza A: Hospitals Strained as Pediatric Cases Rise

CHEO, Ottawa’s children’s hospital, has reported high numbers of children falling seriously ill with the flu since November. Hospitalizations have continued to rise through early December.

Last week, CHEO issued an urgent request asking family doctors to extend clinic hours and assist at the hospital’s Kids Come First clinic to help manage patient volumes.

Hospital officials have also noted that many children arriving at the emergency department with severe flu symptoms had not been vaccinated.

Influenza A: Strong Push for Flu Vaccination as Cases Surge

Public health officials, including Ontario’s Chief Medical Officer of Health Dr. Kieran Moore, are urging everyone aged six months and older to get vaccinated as soon as possible.

Dr. Arnason and Dr. Paul Roumeliotis, medical officer of health and CEO of the Eastern Ontario Health Unit, stressed that vaccination is especially important for children this season.

Influenza A: Vaccine Still Effective Despite Strain Mutation

Some people have expressed concern after reports suggested this year’s flu vaccine is not a perfect match for the circulating Influenza A strain. Health officials clarified that while the virus has mutated slightly since circulating in the southern hemisphere, the vaccine still offers meaningful protection.

“The flu vaccine may not always prevent infection, but it significantly reduces the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and complications,” officials said. They added that the vaccine takes about two weeks to become fully effective, making early vaccination crucial ahead of the holiday season, when virus spread typically increases.