Low-dose CT chest scans could help detect pneumonia in at-risk patients while exposing them to only small amounts of radiation, a new study has found. The research, published in Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, shows that ultra-low-dose scans can effectively detect pneumonia in patients with compromised immune systems, enabling doctors to treat the infection before it becomes life-threatening. According to the researchers, these scans expose patients to just 2% of the radiation dose used in a standard CT scan.

"This study paves the way for safer, AI-driven imaging that reduces radiation exposure while preserving diagnostic accuracy,” lead researcher Dr Maximiliano Klug, a radiologist with the Sheba Medical Center in Ramat Gan, Israel, said in a news release. He added that CT scans are the gold standard for detecting pneumonia but there are concerns regarding the risk posed by repeated exposure to radiation. There is a solution- ultra-low-dose CT scan. However, the problem is that these scans can be grainy and hard to read, researchers said.

Study Gives Solution To This

To overcome that, Klug's team developed an AI program that could help "de-noise" low-dose scans, making them sharper and easier to read. Between September 2020 and December 2022, 54 patients with compromised immune systems who had fevers underwent a pair of chest CT scans -- a normal dose scan and an ultra-low-dose scan. The AI program cleaned up the low-dose scan, and then both sets of images were given to a pair of radiologists for assessment. Radiologists had 100% accuracy in detecting pneumonia and other lung problems with the AI-cleaned low-dose scans, but 91% to 98% accuracy in examining the scans that hadn’t been improved through AI, results show.

"This pilot study identified infection with a fraction of the radiation dose," Klug said. "This approach could drive larger studies and ultimately reshape clinical guidelines, making denoised ultra-low dose CT the new standard for young immunocompromised patients.

How Can You Detect Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes the air sacs in the lungs to fill with fluid or pus and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The symptoms can range from milk to severe, which includes:

Coughing with or without cough

Fever

Chills

Trouble breathing

Chest pain, especially when breathing deeply or coughing

Sweating or chills

Rapid heart rate

Loss of appetite

Bluish skin, lips, and nails

Confusion.

How to detect Pneumonia in coughing newborns and toddlers?

Pneumonia can severely affect newborns and young children as their lungs are comparatively more sensitive. As per Dr Goyal, young children can cough for various reasons including seasonal infections and tonsillitis, which is very common in this age group. But if they look visibly irritable and have poor sleep patterns, then parents must reach out to an expert. "I am not saying that parents must visit a hospital but any local paediatrician would be able to detect pneumonia in your kid.

A new study by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has found that nearly one in three patients who were hospitalised were diagnosed with invasive mould disease (IMD) died during their hospital stay.

The findings highlighted the urgent need for better surveillance, hygiene, early diagnosis, and greater awareness among healthcare professionals.

The findings come from the surveillance study of invasive mould infections conducted by the CDC across four hospitals in Atlanta and Georgia, between 2020 and 2024.

What Did The Study Find?

Researchers identified 499 confirmed cases of invasive mould disease during the five-year study period. Around 33% of these patients died while hospitalised, while the overall 90-day mortality rate reached 45%.

Nearly half of the patients needed intensive care, and about 50% needed ventilation, highlighting just how severe these infections can turn.

Patients who had a recent or current COVID-19 infection were found to be even worse. Their 90-day mortality rate was 66%, compared with 41% among patients without COVID-19.

"Our findings demonstrate that invasive mold disease is associated with substantial illness and death," the CDC researchers wrote, adding that active surveillance can help improve understanding of how common these infections are and guide prevention efforts.

Also read: DR Congo Ebola Outbreak Becomes World’s Second Largest As Death Toll Surpasses 1,500

What Is Invasive Mould Disease?

Unlike the mould that grows on damp walls or spoiled food, invasive mould disease occurs when fungal spores enter the body through the lungs, wounds, or contaminated medical equipment and spread into deep tissues, blood vessels, or organs.

The infections are most commonly caused by fungi such as Aspergillus, Mucorales, Fusarium, and Scedosporium. Once inside the body, they can rapidly become life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated early.

Also read: Vibrio Vulnificus: US Records First Flesh-eating Bacteria Death Of 2026

Who Is Most At Risk?

The disease rarely affects healthy individuals. Instead, it primarily targets people whose immune systems are already weakened, including:

• Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
• Organ transplant recipients
• People taking long-term steroids or immunosuppressive drugs
• Patients in intensive care units
• Individuals recovering from severe COVID-19
• Older adults with multiple illnesses

Also read: Donald Trump Urges RFK Jr. To Accelerate Childhood Vaccine Rollback

Why Experts Are Concerned

One of the biggest challenges is that invasive mould disease is not a nationally reportable disease in the United States, meaning health authorities do not routinely collect nationwide data on cases. Researchers believe the actual burden may therefore be underestimated.

The CDC authors noted that active surveillance is essential to estimate disease incidence, identify outbreaks, and improve patient outcomes. They also highlighted that patients with COVID-19 experienced significantly more severe disease, suggesting clinicians should remain vigilant for fungal complications in critically ill patients.

Outside experts have also warned that factors such as climate change, extreme weather events, an ageing population, and rising antifungal drug resistance could contribute to an increase in serious fungal infections in the coming years.

Although invasive mould infections remain relatively uncommon, the study shows they carry an alarmingly high risk of severe illness and death among vulnerable patients. Researchers say increasing awareness, recognising symptoms early, improving hospital surveillance, and developing faster diagnostic tools could help identify infections sooner and improve survival.

India's food safety regulator has banned the sale of select whisky and rum products produced by some of the country's biggest liquor companies, including Diageo India's United Spirits.

FSSAI's move comes after they found artificial or "nature-identical" flavouring that allegedly violates Indian food standards.

Among the affected products are United Spirits' Antiquity Blue Whisky and Royal Challenge Whisky manufactured in Madhya Pradesh, Inbrew's Bagpiper Deluxe Whisky and Old Cask Deluxe XXX Rum, as well as three variants of Old Monk produced by Mohan Rocky Springwater in Maharashtra.

It is still unclear whether the restrictions apply only to products manufactured at these specific facilities or to the brands nationwide.

Why Did FSSAI Ban These Products?

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) said laboratory tests found that certain products manufactured by United Spirits, Inbrew Beverages and Mohan Rocky Springwater contained external artificial or nature-identical flavouring substances intended to recreate the taste and aroma of whisky or rum, instead of relying on traditional production methods.

According to the regulator, the use of natural flavouring substances in alcoholic beverages is permitted but manufacturers cannot add whisky flavour to whisky or rum flavour to rum.

"There is no internationally recognized manufacturing practice whereby rum flavour is added to rum or whisky flavour is added to whisky," FSSAI said in its statement.

The regulator added that these practices could bypass proper maturation and reduce reliance on ingredients traditionally used to develop flavour, including molasses, malt and grapes.

FSSAI classified the tested products as "sub-standard due to the presence of external artificial or nature-identical flavours in the product."

While Diageo India, Inbrew Beverages and Mohan Rocky Springwater did not immediately issue public responses to media queries, Reuters reported that some industry executives believe the use of flavouring does not violate existing Indian regulations.

Also read: You Can No Longer Buy Medicines Containing More Than 12% Alcohol Over the Counter: Health Ministry

What Are "Nature-Identical" Flavourings?

Nature-identical flavouring substances are chemically synthesised compounds created to replicate the flavours naturally found in foods or beverages.

Although they may be seem same like the naturally occurring compounds, regulators determine whether they can be used in specific products based on food standards.

In this case, FSSAI's objection is not to all flavourings, but specifically to the addition of whisky or rum flavouring to beverages marketed as whisky or rum.

They argue that the flavour should develop naturally through the approved manufacturing and ageing process.

India is among the world's largest alcohol markets, with annual sales estimated at around $40 billion, and United Spirits, owned by global drinks giant Diageo, is the country's largest liquor company by market share.

The affected products are widely consumed because they are significantly more affordable than the imported spirits.

The latest action also signals FSSAI's bigger effort to tighten regulations of the food and beverage industry. In recent weeks, the regulator has also intensified scrutiny of products marketed as energy drinks and other packaged foods over labelling and compliance issues.

Former England rugby captain and 2003 Rugby World Cup winner Phil Vickery has announced that he will donate his brain to science after his death. He said that he hopes it will help researchers understand the long-term effects of repeated head injuries in sport in a better way.

The decision comes after Vickery was diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive brain disease caused due to repeated blows to the head.

Phil Vickery Pledges To Donate His Brain

Vickery's announcement has reignited conversations about the lasting neurological impact athletes face, particularly as hundreds of former rugby players continue to seek better support for concussion-related illnesses.

Speaking about his decision, Vickery questioned, "Is that gonna make someone stand up? I don't know. What a horrible thing to say. But what does it have to take?"

Describing what life with suspected brain injury feels like, he said, "Brain injuries are with you all the time, 24/7, 365 days a year... it weighs heavy, and it grinds at you all the time. It won't beat me. I keep going."

Also read: Impact Of Electronic Gadgets On Brain Health And The Role Of Ayurveda

Phil Vickery's Diagnosis And The Rugby Concussion Lawsuit

Vickery revealed that he received a diagnosis of probable CTE around two years ago. He is among more than 1,000 former rugby union and rugby league players involved in a legal case against governing bodies, including World Rugby, England's Rugby Football Union (RFU), the Welsh Rugby Union, and the Rugby Football League.

Several former players involved in the case have reported serious neurological conditions, including dementia, memory loss, depression, and suspected CTE.

The lawsuit alleges that the organisations failed to adequately protect players from repeated head injuries and concussion during their careers.

Also read: Alzheimer's Sleep Loss May Be Reversible; Study Sparks Hope For New Treatments

What Is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?

CTE is a progressive neurodegenerative disease believed to result from repeated head impacts over many years. It has been identified in athletes from contact sports such as rugby, American football, boxing, ice hockey, and soccer, as well as military veterans.

Researchers believe repeated trauma leads to abnormal accumulation of a protein called tau inside the brain. Over time, this damages brain cells and affects normal brain function.

One of the biggest challenges is that CTE cannot currently be diagnosed with certainty in living people. Doctors can only suspect the condition based on symptoms and clinical history. A definitive diagnosis requires examination of brain tissue after death.

Also read: Scientists Say Changes In Brain In Your 40s & 50s May Influence Dementia Risk

Symptoms Of CTE

Symptoms usually appear years after repeated head injuries and may worsen over time. They can include:

• Memory loss
• Difficulty concentrating
• Confusion
• Mood swings
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Impulsive behaviour
• Aggression
• Problems with judgement
• Balance and movement difficulties

Despite everything, Vickery says he still loves rugby. He said, "The sport's amazing... I would do it all again... I also sit here knowing there are lots of people out there... suffering because of the sport... Let's just help people."