Low-dose CT chest scans could help detect pneumonia in at-risk patients while exposing them to only small amounts of radiation, a new study has found. The research, published in Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, shows that ultra-low-dose scans can effectively detect pneumonia in patients with compromised immune systems, enabling doctors to treat the infection before it becomes life-threatening. According to the researchers, these scans expose patients to just 2% of the radiation dose used in a standard CT scan.

"This study paves the way for safer, AI-driven imaging that reduces radiation exposure while preserving diagnostic accuracy,” lead researcher Dr Maximiliano Klug, a radiologist with the Sheba Medical Center in Ramat Gan, Israel, said in a news release. He added that CT scans are the gold standard for detecting pneumonia but there are concerns regarding the risk posed by repeated exposure to radiation. There is a solution- ultra-low-dose CT scan. However, the problem is that these scans can be grainy and hard to read, researchers said.

Study Gives Solution To This

To overcome that, Klug's team developed an AI program that could help "de-noise" low-dose scans, making them sharper and easier to read. Between September 2020 and December 2022, 54 patients with compromised immune systems who had fevers underwent a pair of chest CT scans -- a normal dose scan and an ultra-low-dose scan. The AI program cleaned up the low-dose scan, and then both sets of images were given to a pair of radiologists for assessment. Radiologists had 100% accuracy in detecting pneumonia and other lung problems with the AI-cleaned low-dose scans, but 91% to 98% accuracy in examining the scans that hadn’t been improved through AI, results show.

"This pilot study identified infection with a fraction of the radiation dose," Klug said. "This approach could drive larger studies and ultimately reshape clinical guidelines, making denoised ultra-low dose CT the new standard for young immunocompromised patients.

How Can You Detect Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes the air sacs in the lungs to fill with fluid or pus and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The symptoms can range from milk to severe, which includes:

Coughing with or without cough

Fever

Chills

Trouble breathing

Chest pain, especially when breathing deeply or coughing

Sweating or chills

Rapid heart rate

Loss of appetite

Bluish skin, lips, and nails

Confusion.

How to detect Pneumonia in coughing newborns and toddlers?

Pneumonia can severely affect newborns and young children as their lungs are comparatively more sensitive. As per Dr Goyal, young children can cough for various reasons including seasonal infections and tonsillitis, which is very common in this age group. But if they look visibly irritable and have poor sleep patterns, then parents must reach out to an expert. "I am not saying that parents must visit a hospital but any local paediatrician would be able to detect pneumonia in your kid.

Indian food regulatory body FSSAI has barred the sale of select products produced by one of the biggest FMCG companies in India.

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India prohibited Dabur India from selling its popular household products like honey, cow ghee, and edible oils with '100 percent' claims.

FSSAI's Crackdown On Dabur India Products

On Monday, FSSAI shared a social media post, announcing that it has banned the sale of a few products produced by Dabur India over misleading claims.

In a Tweet, it said that the FMCG giant has been asked to stop selling products like honey, apple cider vinegar, virgin coconut oil, sesame oil, cow ghee, coconut water, coconut milk, and other products due to various non-compliances.

The following violations were listed by the food regulatory body:

Misleading '100%' Claims

FSSAI said that some Dabur products were being sold on the company's website with misleading '100% percent' claims like '100% Natural', '100% Pure', '100% Purity Guaranteed', '100% Organic, and '100% Tender Coconut Water'.

FSSAI said that Dabur Homemade Coconut Milk was being sold with the claim '100% Purity', which is in violation with its rules.

According to FSS (Advertising & Claims) Regulations, 2018, the use of claims with '100%' is prohibited as it's an ambiguous term which cannot be verified. It further said that such claims can mislead the consumers.

Also read: FSSAI Bans Some Liquor Produced by India's Largest Alcohol Company Over Artificial Flavouring

Misuse Of Jaivik Bharat Logo

Furthermore, its products like Dabur Himalayan Organic Apple Cider Vinegar and Dabur Organic Honey were found showcasing Jaivik Bharat Logo without an organic endorsement by FSSAI.

The Jaivik Bharat logo is specifically issued to authentic organic food products in order to distinguish them from non-organic items. It is meant to show compliance with Indian organic standards.

The regulatory body said that by doing so, the company violated FSS (Organic Foods) Regulations, 2017.

Also read: No Junk Food Near Schools! Maharashtra FDA Bans Sale Of Foods & Drinks High In Fat, Salt & Sugar

Failure To Respond To Earlier Notice

This is not the first time FSSAI has brought these violations to the company's attention. In its notice, it said that Dabur paid no heed to an earlier notice which directed them to discontinue products with '100% claims'.

It said that the company failed to take "satisfactory corrective action".

Besides prohibiting the sale of these products, FSSAI has asked Dabur to submit an Action Taken Report (ATR) within 15 days.

Also read: 60% Urban Indians Not Confident About Ghee Purity Despite FSSAI Crackdown

Part Of A Broader Strategy

FSSAI's action is part of its broader strategy to stop the sale of products with misleading claims and brand names.

Recently, show-cause notices were sent to brands like Lotte India, Kubera Foods, and Ferns N Petals Pvt Ltd over allegedly misleading claims such as "100% Natural," "100% Vegetarian," and chocolate labelling issues.

It also flagged Heritage Fresh Paneer for using the term "Fresh Paneer" to market its products.

In June, brands like Nestlé, KFC, Open Secret, Emami Healthy & Tasty, Storia Juice, Two Brothers Organic Farms, Healthy Master, Neuherbs, The Health Factory, Troovy, Healthy Choice, Organic Wisdom, Shine Organic, World of Organic, and Lota Water were sent notices for misleading brand names and health claims like "organic," "healthy," "zero maida," and similar marketing claims that may violate labelling regulations.

The currently used breast cancer screening referral criteria at the NHS are missing up to 95% of women under 50 who are at higher risk of developing breast cancer in the next decade, according to a new study.

Published in the British Journal of Cancer, the study found that a more comprehensive, personalized risk assessment could identify 8 times as many women at risk as the current NICE guidelines.

Current Screening Criteria

Also read: New York Reports 3 Suspected Rabbit Fever Cases: What Is Tularemia?

In England, women at higher risk of breast cancer are typically identified after being referred by their GP based on family history, following criteria set by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), under the NHS.

The researchers from the University of Cambridge and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, analyzed data from 1,258 women under the age of 50.

They found that the criteria would refer only 1.4% of women for specialist assessment and identify just 4.4% of women who went on to develop breast cancer within the next 10 years.

Why Personalized Assessment Is Better?

The researchers then evaluated BOADICEA, a multifactorial risk model that combines:

• Family history
• Lifestyle factors
• Reproductive history
• Genetic information

Using this model, 26.5% of women were classified as having above-average risk and referred for further assessment. This approach identified 34.8% of women who developed breast cancer within the following 10 years—around eight times more than the current NICE criteria.

One major reason for the gap is that 73% of women under 50 who developed breast cancer had no family history of the disease, making them unlikely to qualify for referral under existing guidelines.

"We need to get better at identifying women at highest risk of breast cancer so that we can intervene early, when there are more options for treating, or even preventing, their disease," said Dr Juliet Usher-Smith from the Department of Public Health and Primary Care at the University of Cambridge.

Read More: UK Woman Becomes World-First To Receive Experimental Cell Therapy For Ovarian Cancer

Proactive Screening Matters

A second study by the same research team found strong public support for proactive breast cancer risk assessments for women aged 30 to 49, instead of relying on women to seek GP referrals because of family history.

They found that women preferred:

• Proactive invitations for risk assessment
• Comprehensive risk models such as BOADICEA
• Genetic testing where appropriate
• Assessing all women rather than only those with a family history

Dr Sowmiya Moorthie, Senior Strategic Evidence Manager at Cancer Research UK, said broader risk assessment could help more women receive personalized care. However, she noted that further research is needed to understand the impact on NHS staffing, equipment, and patient experience, while ensuring any new approach remains accessible and equitable.

She also emphasized that maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol intake, and seeking medical advice for any unusual breast changes remain important ways to reduce risk and improve outcomes through early diagnosis.

Global Breast Cancer Burden

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with steady increases in incidence over the last few decades. It accounts for around one in four cases of cancer and 15 per cent of cancer deaths in women, and is one of the leading causes of death in women under 50.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK, with around 59,400 new cases diagnosed annually and roughly 11,200 deaths each year. About one in seven women in the UK develops the disease in their lifetime, though survival rates are high, with nearly 90% surviving for five years or more.

Health officials in New York have reported at least three suspected cases of tularemia, a rare bacterial illness also known as rabbit fever.

The disease can spread through the bite of infected ticks or deer flies, or through contact with infected animals, particularly rabbits and rodents.

The Suffolk County Department of Health said laboratory testing is required to confirm the suspected cases, a process that may take several weeks.

"Confirmation of a tularemia diagnosis requires a combination of laboratory testing and fulfillment of specific clinical or epidemiologic criteria," the department told ABC 7, New York.

"The laboratory testing to confirm a tularemia diagnosis may take several weeks."

Tularemia Cases in the US

Tularemia is most commonly reported between May and September, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Fewer than 200 cases are reported annually in the US, based on CDC data from 2019 to 2023. Although still rare, reported cases have been increasing.

In Suffolk County, Long Island:

• 4 cases were reported in 2024
• 3 cases in 2023
• 1 case in 2022

What Is Tularemia?

Tularemia is a rare but potentially serious bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis, according to the CDC.

The disease can affect the skin, lymph nodes, eyes, throat, lungs, and other organs depending on how the bacteria enter the body.

Rabbit Fever: How Do Humans Get Infected?

People can become infected through:

• Bites from infected ticks and deer flies
• Direct contact with infected rabbits, hares, rodents, or other animals
• Handling infected animal carcasses
• Inhaling contaminated dust, such as while mowing over dead infected animals
• Eating contaminated food
• Getting contaminated water or animal fluids into the eyes.

According to the CDC, the case fatality rate is typically below 2%, though it can be higher depending on the bacterial strain and type of illness.

Types of Tularemia

There are six main forms of tularemia:

• Ulceroglandular tularemia: The most common type; causes a skin ulcer and swollen lymph nodes after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal.
• Glandular tularemia: Causes swollen lymph nodes without a skin ulcer.
• Oculoglandular tularemia: Occurs when contaminated material enters the eyes.
• Oropharyngeal tularemia: Results from eating contaminated food or water, causing sore throat and digestive symptoms.
• Pneumonic tularemia: Affects the lungs and can resemble pneumonia.
• Typhoidal tularemia: A severe form that causes high fever and widespread illness.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the type of infection but commonly include:

• High fever
• Skin ulcer or open sore
• Swollen, painful lymph nodes
• Watery or irritated eyes
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Muscle aches
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting or diarrhea

Because tularemia is rare, it can be difficult to diagnose, and its symptoms often resemble more common illnesses.

Treatment

Tularemia is highly treatable with antibiotics when diagnosed promptly.

The CDC noted that a vaccine previously used to protect laboratory workers is currently under review by the US Food and Drug Administration and is not generally available.

How to Prevent Tularemia

The CDC recommends the following precautions:

• Use EPA-registered insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE), PMD, or 2-undecanone.
• Wear long sleeves, long pants, and long socks in areas where ticks and deer flies are common.
• Remove attached ticks promptly.
• Avoid mowing over sick or dead animals.
• Wear gloves when hunting, trapping, or skinning wild animals.
• Cook game meat thoroughly before eating.