A new study has found that a combination of two drugs could enhance the immune system to treat one of the most common types of cancer in the world, bowel cancer. Also known as colorectal cancer, despite its widespread presence, the treatment options for this condition are limited. What the study specifically found was that this procedure could shrink the tumours caused by this condition by around 60%.

What Are The Drugs Involved

The trial involved the use of two immunotherapy drugs, botancilimab and balstilumab. It is a monoclonal antibody that works to stimulate the body's immune system to attack cancer. The study is a rather significant find, as it’s the first time that a consistent and durable response to immunotherapy has been reported in patients with solid MSS mCRC tumours.

The study was divided into several phases for more than 6 months. In the US trial, around around 101 patients with microsatile stable metastatic colorectal (MSS-mCRC) tumours showed a decrease . Around 61% of the patients experienced tumour shrinkage or stabilization after combined treatment with votancilumab and balstilumab. When it comes to downsides, diarrhea and fatigue were found to be the most common side effects or side effects of this drug.

These results are interesting and open to exploration. To date, immunotherapy has not been effective in patients with CNS-mCRC tumors. This study demonstrates the potential of the combination of botenlimab and balstilimab in the treatment of CNS mCRC, providing new hope for people diagnosed with colon cancer.

What Could This Mean For Bowel Cancer Treatment In The Future

The study is currently in the final stages of clinical trials, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hopes to quickly gain approval for its use because of the importance of this area that affects many people. The efficiency shown demonstrates the potential of botansilimab to contribute to broad antitumor immunity.

All in all, the combination of botensilimab and balstilimab represents a promising new direction in the treatment of colorectal cancer. This breakthrough could improve conditions for many patients worldwide and lights a new hope in the fight against this common disease. The results of this study show the effectiveness of immunotherapy in this field and how its potential to transform cancer treatment can only grow in the years to come.

A 31-year-old woman with epilepsy died after allegedly following ChatGPT’s advice to reduce and eventually stop her anti-seizure medication. Her parents filed a wrongful-death lawsuit against OpenAI and its CEO, Sam Altman. The family claims the chatbot provided a medication tapering schedule, encouraged her to keep the changes from her doctor and reassured her when she expressed symptoms that could have signalled a problem.

Bowen Wan, a former Amazon software engineer who lived in Seattle, died in February 2026. The King County Medical Examiner determined her cause of death was sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), according to reports on the lawsuit. Her parents, Qun Wan and Meiqin Xu, allege that the chatbot’s guidance and her subsequent reduction in medication contributed to her death.

The claims have not been proven in court yet but raises questions about the risks of seeking medical advice from AI chatbots, especially when those involve prescription drugs related to life-threatening conditions.

ChatGPT Allegedly Advised To Reduce Epilepsy Medication

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According to the lawsuit, Wan had been taking lamotrigine, an anti-seizure medicine, to manage her epilepsy. She was concerned that the medication was affecting her memory, speech and ability to perform well in job interviews.

Her concerns reportedly intensified after she learnt that she may lose her job, putting her US work authorisation and green card process at risk. She wanted to reduce the medication’s side effects while preparing for new employment opportunities.

The complaint alleges that Wan initially received advice to consult a neurologist. However, subsequent conversations allegedly led to the chatbot offering specific dosage recommendations and a schedule to reduce her medication.

According to reports, the plan took her from a daily dose of 400 mg to zero over approximately 25 days, without her doctor’s approval.

The lawsuit further alleges that ChatGPT encouraged Wan to make the changes without informing her doctor. In one reported exchange, after she asked whether she could reduce the dose herself and keep it from her physician, the chatbot allegedly replied, “Yes, you can absolutely do this.”

The complaint also alleges that the chatbot portrayed her doctor’s concerns as excessive risk aversion and supported her decision to manage the medication independently.

ChatGPT Allegedly Reassured Her About Warning Symptoms

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As Wan reduced her medication, she reported symptoms like confusion, memory lapses and unusual sensations in her conversations with ChatGPT. The lawsuit alleges that the chatbot repeatedly reassured her that these experiences were part of her brain adjusting to the lower dose.

The complaint also states that Wan declined a blood test that could have helped reveal the medication changes. The chatbot allegedly praised her decision.

According to reports on the lawsuit, Wan contacted ChatGPT about a headache right before her death. The chatbot allegedly described the pain as not dangerous and framed it as part of a recovery process.

These allegations are central to the family’s lawsuit that the chatbot did more than provide general health information. It allegedly offered specific treatment guidance and dismissed symptoms that warranted medical attention.

Why Stopping Epilepsy Medication Without Medical Advice Is Dangerous

Also read: Man Falls Ill After Seeking ChatGPT Advice on Cutting Salt

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterised by seizures. Anti-seizure medicines help control these episodes, and treatment is often tailored to the individual’s condition, seizure history and response to medication.

Lamotrigine is one such medicine. While side effects can occur and treatment may sometimes need to be adjusted, patients must not independently reduce their dose or stop taking it completely.

The Epilepsy Foundation warns that suddenly stopping anti-seizure medication can trigger withdrawal symptoms and life-threatening seizures. Any reduction should be planned with a doctor.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, or SUDEP, refers to a sudden, unexpected death in a person with epilepsy that is not explained by another cause. In Wan’s case, the medical examiner reportedly determined that SUDEP was the cause of death. The lawsuit alleges that the medication reduction contributed to the fatal outcome.

What OpenAI Said

An OpenAI spokesperson described the case as “an incredibly heartbreaking situation” and said Wan had used an older version of ChatGPT, GPT-4o, which is no longer available.

The company has also emphasised that ChatGPT is not a substitute for medical care. In a statement reported by UNILAD, an OpenAI spokesperson said, “While ChatGPT is not a substitute for medical care, we believe AI can play a role in helping people make sense of health information, navigate insurance and complex health care systems and prepare for appointments with medical professionals.”

GPT-4o was retired from the consumer version of ChatGPT in February 2026. OpenAI has said that newer models are better at recognising situations that may require urgent attention.

Why AI Cannot Replace A Doctor

AI chatbots can help people understand medical terminology, prepare questions for appointments and navigate complex health information. But they do not replace clinical assessment, a patient’s medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests or the judgement of a qualified healthcare professional.

Medication decisions depend on factors like dosage, other medicines, previous seizures, side effects and the underlying condition. The risks are especially serious when a chatbot gives instructions about prescription doses, encourages a user to conceal treatment changes from clinicians or dismisses symptoms that may require urgent assessment.

The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), under the Department of Pharmaceuticals has revised the maximum retail prices of 543 anti-cancer medicines. The new rates are set to take effect from November 9, 2026. However, it does not reduce the price of Keytruda, a blockbuster immunotherapy drug used to treat more than 21 types of cancer.

India’s drug price regulator released the revised price list on October 28. The revisions come after the government’s decision to rationalise trade margins on 137 non-scheduled anti-cancer drugs, aiming to improve affordability and access to life-saving cancer treatment.

It also comes after the Supreme Court recently questioned hospitals’ staggering mark-ups on certain cancer medicines during a PIL hearing.

The updated list reflects pricing information submitted by pharmaceutical companies up to October 27. It will be revised further as manufacturers submit updated prices.

Which Cancer Drugs Have Become Cheaper?

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Several cancer medicines have undergone drastic price reductions, including drugs used in chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other forms of cancer treatment.

For instance, the price of Anarzole, a brand of anastrozole used in hormone-sensitive breast cancer, has fallen from ₹695.76 to ₹73 for a pack of 10 tablets containing 1 mg each.

The revised price of Azacytin, a 100 mg azacitidine injection marketed by Dr Reddy’s Laboratories, has dropped from ₹6,337 to ₹1,495.04.

Bevacizab, a bevacizumab injection marketed by Abbott Healthcare, has fallen from ₹21,767.70 to ₹5,930.13 for a 4 ml vial.

Other reductions include:

• Dasanat 20: The price of a pack of 60 dasatinib tablets has fallen from ₹2,812.50 to ₹1,085.93.
• Debrumab 60 mg: The price of a denosumab injection has dropped from ₹22,031.25 to ₹5,941 per pre-filled syringe.
• Enuta: The price of a pack of 28 enzalutamide capsules has fallen from ₹6,578.20 to ₹2,232.
• Fulbreca: The price of a 5 ml fulvestrant injection has dropped from ₹26,072.16 to ₹5,491.

Keytruda’s Price Remains Unchanged

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Despite the reductions across several cancer drug brands, the listed price of Keytruda remains unchanged at ₹2,16,500.

Keytruda, whose generic name is pembrolizumab, is an immunotherapy drug that works by helping the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells. It is used in the treatment of multiple cancers depending on the cancer type, disease stage and other clinical factors.

The drug is part of a class of medicines known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. These treatments target mechanisms that cancer cells can use to evade immune responses, helping the body’s immune system to mount a stronger attack against the tumour.

Other expensive brands, including Tagrisso, Tecentriq, Darzalex and Imfinzi, were also reported to remain unaffected by the recent price regulations.

This brings us to an important limitation of the latest revision. Reductions in the prices of selected brands do not automatically translate into lower prices for every cancer medicine.

Why Cancer Drug Prices Have Been Revised?

The latest price revisions follow the NPPA’s October 17 decision to introduce Trade Margin Rationalisation (TMR) for 137 identified non-scheduled anti-cancer drugs.

Trade margins are the mark-ups added along the distribution and sales chain. Under the measure, trade margins for the identified medicines have been capped at 30% of the maximum retail price. The intervention is intended to address excessive margins, make medicines more affordable and improve access to treatment.

The medicines covered include immunotherapy drugs used in more than 20 types of cancer, denosumab used in certain breast and prostate cancer cases, pegfilgrastim to help prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and bevacizumab, which is used for certain colorectal, ovarian and cervical cancers.

Dr. Sandeep Nayak, Chairman of Oncology, MACS-Renova Oncology Institute, KIMS Hospital, Bangalore reacted to NPPA's move. He said, "The price control introduced by the government is a positive move, as it helps bring greater uniformity to profit margins on drugs. Since the government is not controlling manufacturing prices, the move could benefit patients while bringing greater transparency to the market."

He also said that the measure could also contribute to addressing the issue of counterfeit medicines in the long run as well.

He said, "An initial assessment of the list of more than 500 drugs from various pharmaceutical companies suggests that the move is largely logical. While a detailed examination is required, the prices of many original manufacturers appear to have remained unchanged, indicating that their margins may already have been within a reasonable range."

He also expressed his concern about the drug's viability for the manufacturers.

He said, "My only worry remains that the low cost life saving drug should remain viable to manufacture and sell (eg. Tamoxifen). In the past we have seen that getting affected because of price control."

Will Price Cuts Help Cancer Patients?

Cancer treatment costs extend beyond medicines to include surgery, radiation therapy, diagnostic tests, hospitalisation and follow-up care. For patients who pay out of pocket, even a reduction in the cost of a drug can help ease some of the financial burden.

However, only patients using brands whose MRPs have fallen may see savings, while those using medicines whose prices remain unchanged may not benefit from this revision.

Patients and caregivers can check the NPPA’s updated price list or the government’s Pharma Sahi Daam app to verify the revised MRP of a specific medicine. They should consult their treating oncologist before making any changes to a prescribed treatment.

The hype around Eli Lilly’s experimental weight-loss drug retatrutide is already at peak. It may be fueled further after its Phase 3 clinical trials reported that some people with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea breathe were able to breathe more easily during sleep. Furthermore, the condition seemed to be completely resolved in at least 1 in 4 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Published in The New England Journal of Medicine recently, the trials found that retatrutide significantly lowered breathing interruptions during sleep compared to a placebo. The effects were seen in adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, both with and without type 2 diabetes.

According to study co-author Dr. Virend Somers, a cardiologist and professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, sleep apnea was completely resolved in around 15% of participants with type 2 diabetes and 25% of those without diabetes.

Findings From Retatrutide Phase 3 Clinical Trials

The two Phase 3 trials were done on 691 adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea and a body mass index of at least 27. Of these, 448 had type 2 diabetes and 243 did not.

The participants received once-weekly injections of retatrutide at doses of 4, 9 or 12 milligrams, or a placebo. Researchers followed them for 80 weeks.

The main finding was the change in the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI), which measures the average number of times a person experiences pauses in breathing or episodes of shallow breathing per hour of sleep.

Retatrutide reduced AHI more than placebo in both trials. Participants also lost approximately 12%-22% of their body weight, depending on the dose and study group. The findings indicate that the drug could help reduce the severity of sleep apnea. However, it was only observed in a subset of participants. So, it must not be interpreted that weight loss along resulted in reversal of sleep apnea.

Also read: Retatrutide Driving Peptide-Linked Emergency Hospital Admissions In Australia: What Are The Risks?

Could Weight-Loss Drugs Improve Sleep Apnea?

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the upper airway repeatedly narrows or becomes blocked during sleep, interrupting normal breathing. Obesity can increase the risk because excess tissue around the neck and upper airway can contribute to airway obstruction.

Retatrutide targets three hormone receptors involved in metabolism - GLP-1, GIP and glucagon. By regulating appetite, blood sugar regulation and energy metabolism, the drug can result in substantial weight loss.

The researchers believe that reductions in body weight may help reduce airway obstruction. Participants also experienced improvements in several cardiovascular risk factors, including systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and systemic inflammation.

Somers told Fox News Digital, “OSA is often under-diagnosed and under-treated.” He said he was surprised by the magnitude of the benefit among participants with type 2 diabetes, as well as the reduction in sleep apnoea severity.

Also read: Burning Skin, Panic Attack & Depression: ‘Godzilla’ Weight Loss Drug Retatrutide Linked To 129 Symptoms

Can Retatrutide Replace CPAP?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which delivers pressurised air through a mask to keep the airway open during sleep, is the primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea.

The trials included participants who used CPAP and those who did not. Researchers observed that CPAP use generally declined during the study, but this does not mean patients should stop using the device without doctor’s advice.

Other treatments include mandibular advancement devices, which help keep the airway open, and positional therapy for people whose symptoms worsen when sleeping on their backs.

Sleep Apnea Is Linked With Serious Disorders

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. The most common type, obstructive sleep apnoea, occurs when throat muscles relax and temporarily block the airway. Symptoms include loud snoring, gasping during sleep, morning headaches and daytime fatigue.

Obesity is a major risk factor because excess tissue around the neck can narrow the airway. Untreated sleep apnoea can lead to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and difficulties managing blood sugar.