A new study has found that a combination of two drugs could enhance the immune system to treat one of the most common types of cancer in the world, bowel cancer. Also known as colorectal cancer, despite its widespread presence, the treatment options for this condition are limited. What the study specifically found was that this procedure could shrink the tumours caused by this condition by around 60%.

What Are The Drugs Involved

The trial involved the use of two immunotherapy drugs, botancilimab and balstilumab. It is a monoclonal antibody that works to stimulate the body's immune system to attack cancer. The study is a rather significant find, as it’s the first time that a consistent and durable response to immunotherapy has been reported in patients with solid MSS mCRC tumours.

The study was divided into several phases for more than 6 months. In the US trial, around around 101 patients with microsatile stable metastatic colorectal (MSS-mCRC) tumours showed a decrease . Around 61% of the patients experienced tumour shrinkage or stabilization after combined treatment with votancilumab and balstilumab. When it comes to downsides, diarrhea and fatigue were found to be the most common side effects or side effects of this drug.

These results are interesting and open to exploration. To date, immunotherapy has not been effective in patients with CNS-mCRC tumors. This study demonstrates the potential of the combination of botenlimab and balstilimab in the treatment of CNS mCRC, providing new hope for people diagnosed with colon cancer.

What Could This Mean For Bowel Cancer Treatment In The Future

The study is currently in the final stages of clinical trials, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hopes to quickly gain approval for its use because of the importance of this area that affects many people. The efficiency shown demonstrates the potential of botansilimab to contribute to broad antitumor immunity.

All in all, the combination of botensilimab and balstilimab represents a promising new direction in the treatment of colorectal cancer. This breakthrough could improve conditions for many patients worldwide and lights a new hope in the fight against this common disease. The results of this study show the effectiveness of immunotherapy in this field and how its potential to transform cancer treatment can only grow in the years to come.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued its first-ever guidelines for the diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes in adults. The recommendations aim to improve insulin access and blood glucose monitoring in countries where healthcare resources are limited.

Released on November 14 to mark World Diabetes Day 2026, the guidelines cover insulin treatment, blood glucose monitoring and care in emergency and humanitarian settings. They are meant to help healthcare providers deliver safer treatment, regardless of the resources available.

The guidelines come as the global burden of type 1 diabetes continues to grow. In 2025, 500,000 people were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, adding to an estimated 9.5 million people living with the condition worldwide in 2025, according to the WHO. Although type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed during childhood, it can develop at any age, including adulthood.

WHO Guidelines On Type 1 Diabetes

Also read: Effect of Diabetes on Different Organs: Why the Damage Is Not the Same Everywhere

A primary recommendation is intensified insulin treatment through multiple daily injections, along with the doses adjusted according to blood glucose levels. People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce enough insulin and therefore need lifelong insulin therapy to survive.

The guidelines recognise insulin as an effective and affordable treatment option. Insulin analogues, which are modified forms of insulin designed to alter how long the medicine works, may also be used when needed. The guidelines also address how treatment and monitoring can be adapted in low-resource settings and during emergencies.

The recommendations also emphasise regular blood glucose monitoring.

• HbA1c testing: A blood test that provides an estimate of average blood glucose levels over the previous two to three months.
• Finger-prick testing: Allows people to check their blood glucose levels at home at different points during the day.
• Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): Uses a small sensor worn on the skin to track glucose levels throughout the day.
• Urine glucose testing: May be considered when blood glucose testing is not available.

Importance Of WHO Guidelines

Also read: World Diabetes Day 2026: Is India's Toxic Air Adding To Its Diabetes Crisis? What Experts Say

More than a century after insulin was discovered, access to affordable treatment remains a challenge for many people with type 1 diabetes. Interruptions in insulin supply can be life-threatening because the body depends on externally administered insulin to regulate blood glucose.

Without enough insulin, blood glucose can rise dangerously and lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a fatal complication.

“Insulin is a lifesaving treatment, discovered more than 100 years ago. Yet many people with type 1 diabetes do not have access to affordable and high-quality insulin,” said Dr Søren Brostrøm, WHO Director of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health.

“The new WHO guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to help countries deliver the best possible care, including in settings where resources are limited and health services are disrupted.”

The WHO guidelines aim to reduce these gaps by providing recommendations that can be implemented across different healthcare systems, including those with limited resources. They also support the organisation's bigger target of ensuring universal access to affordable insulin treatment and blood glucose self-monitoring by 2030.

The WHO has encouraged countries to involve people living with type 1 diabetes in designing diabetes programmes, so that they reflect practical challenges patients face.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Unlike type 2 diabetes, it is not primarily caused by insulin resistance or lifestyle factors.

People with the condition need lifelong insulin treatment, alongside regular glucose monitoring and medical follow-up. Without appropriate management, diabetes can lead to complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves and cardiovascular system.

Did Robert F Kennedy Jr. lie during his 2025 confirmation hearings to become US health secretary? US senators have opened up an investigation into whether Kennedy misled Congress about his 2019 trip to Samoa, months before a measles outbreak killed 83 people.

Ron Wyden of Oregon, incoming chair of the Senate Finance Committee, has launched an investigation into evidence that Kennedy “unlawfully lied” during his confirmation hearings, The Guardian reported.

Wyden is also expected to seek records from Children's Health Defense (CHD), the anti-vaccine non-profit Kennedy headed at the time, including documents related to his Samoa visit.

“We are beginning an investigation into evidence that Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F Kennedy, Jr unlawfully lied to Congress on multiple occasions,” Wyden said in a letter to the group sent on Wednesday and obtained by The Guardian. The letter was also signed by Angela Alsobrooks, a Democratic senator from Maryland.

The investigation comes as the US faces its worst measles crisis in decades. More than 5,000 cases and eight deaths have been reported in 2026, the highest annual case count since 1991. The country is also at risk of losing its measles elimination status, achieved through decades of public health and vaccination efforts.

Also read: US Set To Lose Measles-Elimination Status After 26 Years: Prof Devi Sridhar Explains Reasons Behind Resurgence

What Is The Controversy Surrounding RFK Jr's Samoa Trip?

Kennedy allegedly misrepresented the purpose of his 2019 Samoa visit during two congressional hearings last year, telling lawmakers that the trip had “nothing to do with vaccines”.

However, letters obtained by The Guardian and the Associated Press in August reportedly contradicted his testimony.

In a letter to the Samoan prime minister before the visit, Kennedy explicitly said he wanted to study the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. He used the words “vaccine” or “vaccination” eight times.

“I am writing this letter to you in the hope that we might be helpful to the people of your great nation,” he wrote, suggesting that the deaths of two children following MMR vaccination could have resulted from manufacturing issues.

“I would propose my team conduct detailed health informatics assessment in Samoa of what happened with your MMR vaccines,” Kennedy wrote.

How Is Kennedy's Visit Linked To Samoa's Measles Outbreak?

Kennedy visited Samoa just months before a measles outbreak killed 83 people. Critics have argued that his presence emboldened anti-vaccine activists and worsened the country's vaccination crisis.

Children were among those who died in the outbreak, which exposed the consequences of low vaccination coverage.

Kennedy has denied the allegations, saying he never made public statements about vaccines or discouraged Samoans from getting vaccinated.

Read More: EXCLUSIVE: Ex-CDC Vaccine Advisor Says Measles Outbreak Bigger Than Reported, Slams RFK Jr’s ‘No-See Evil’ Approach

Why Is RFK Jr Under Scrutiny?

The letters have raised questions about the purpose of Kennedy's visit and the accuracy of his congressional testimony.

During his confirmation process, Kennedy pledged to maintain existing vaccine policies. However, after taking office, he moved to change several of them.

“We are deeply concerned by the tactics Kennedy has used – both before and during his tenure as secretary – to stand in the way of children receiving life-saving vaccinations,” the two Democratic senators wrote.

“In Samoa and in the United States, unvaccinated children have died tragic and preventable deaths during measles outbreaks. We intend to hold Secretary Kennedy accountable for the grave harm he has caused to vulnerable children. We also intend to hold him accountable for any false statements made to Congress, a crime that undermines the Senate’s ability to fulfill its constitutional duties.”

What Has Kennedy Said About Measles Vaccination?

Long known for his vaccine-skeptic views, Kennedy has spent years amplifying misinformation about vaccines, including the MMR vaccine.

But as measles cases mounted in the US, he urged American parents to vaccinate their children during an August CNN interview, marking a notable shift in his public messaging.

The appeal came as US measles cases surpassed the 2025 annual total.

"I've never questioned the efficacy of the MMR vaccine," the health secretary told CNN. However, the damage had already been done, with cases continuing to rise and eight deaths reported in 2026.

BidenAmid rising prostate cancer cases, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has revised its screening guidelines, recommending earlier testing for men at higher risk to improve early detection.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men after skin cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the US. An estimated 333,830 men will be diagnosed and more than 36,000 will die from the disease in 2026.

Updated for the first time since 2010, the guidelines, published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, introduce age- and risk-based screening schedules. They aim to detect potentially aggressive cancers while limiting unnecessary tests and treatment.

Former President Joe Biden urged men to get tested for prostate cancer after the American Cancer Society changed its screening guidelines, four days after he said his own fight with the disease has been slowing him down.

"I know firsthand the toll of this disease, and I know that catching it early saves lives. So talk to your doctor, get screened, and let’s keep working to end cancer as we know it," Biden shared in a post on X.

What Has Changed In The New Screening Guidelines?

Previously, the ACS recommended that men discuss the benefits and risks of screening with their doctors without prescribing a specific schedule.

The revised guidelines recommend prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood tests at different intervals based on age and risk.

1. Men At Average Risk: Ages 50–69: PSA testing every two years.

2. Men At Higher Risk

Black men:

• Begin screening at 45, with annual PSA testing until age 69.

Men with an affected father, brother or son should begin screening at 45 and continue through age 69.

• Annually: If a close relative was diagnosed before 65, or more than one close relative has had prostate cancer.
• Every two years: If only one close relative was diagnosed at 65 or older.

Men with inherited genetic risk:

Men with inherited conditions such as BRCA2 mutations, or those with a close relative carrying a high-risk mutation who have not been tested, should discuss screening with their doctor.

3. Screening After Age 70

• Ages 70–74: Discuss the benefits and risks with a doctor. Those opting for screening should undergo PSA testing every two years.
• Ages 75–79: Screening is not routinely recommended. Exceptionally healthy men with rising PSA levels may discuss continuing with their doctor.
• Age 80 and above: Screening is discouraged.

Screening is also not recommended at any age for men in poor health who are not expected to live another 10 years.

What Happens If Your PSA Level Is High?

An elevated PSA does not necessarily mean prostate cancer or an immediate need for a biopsy. The ACS considers PSA levels high at:

• 3 ng/mL or higher in men younger than 70.
• 6.5 ng/mL or higher in men aged 70 and above.

If elevated, the test should be repeated, preferably within two weeks to three months. If levels remain high, further evaluation may include:

• Prostate MRI: To identify suspicious areas.
• Biomarker testing: To assess cancer risk.
• Prostate biopsy: To confirm cancer when indicated.

These additional steps can help avoid unnecessary biopsies and reduce screening-related harms.

Active Surveillance For Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

For men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer, the ACS recommends active surveillance as the initial management approach. This involves:

• Regular PSA testing.
• Periodic biopsies.
• MRI scans, when appropriate.

Treatment may be considered if monitoring shows that the cancer is becoming more aggressive.

Prostate Cancer: Why Early Screening Matters?

"Early prostate cancer usually doesn't cause signs and symptoms, which is why screening is important," said Dr. William Dahut, chief scientific officer at the ACS.

When symptoms occur, they may include:

• Difficulty urinating or a weak urine stream.
• Frequent urination, particularly at night.
• Blood in the urine or semen.

Advanced prostate cancer may cause bone pain if the disease spreads to the bones or other organs.

However, these symptoms can also indicate conditions other than cancer. Men experiencing them should consult a doctor.