Singer Jesy Nelson recently shared an emotional update regarding the complications she is experiencing in her pregnancy with twin babies. Former Little Mix singer Jesy, who is having twins with partner Zion Foster, announced that she has been diagnosed with pre-twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (pre-TTTS). The condition, which is present in pregnancies involving twins with a shared placenta, has serious risks involved and needs intense medical supervision. As Nelson embarks on this difficult journey, her story enlightens us about a rare but dangerous condition many expectant parents may not know much about.

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is a rare but dangerous condition that arises in monochorionic twin pregnancies, in which identical twins share a single placenta. The placenta supplies the developing babies with oxygen, nutrients, and blood flow, but in TTTS, there is an imbalance of blood vessels that interconnect the twins, and thus the vital resources are not evenly distributed. One twin, or the donor twin, shares excess blood with the other, referred to as the recipient twin. This leads to one baby becoming malnourished and possibly anemic, and the other in danger of heart problems due to too much blood.

Nelson described her diagnosis in a heartfelt Instagram video, explaining that she is currently in the pre-stage of TTTS and undergoing frequent monitoring. "I am being scanned twice a week, and each time, things have gotten a little worse," she shared, expressing her fears and hopes for the health of her babies.

Potential Risks of TTTS

If left untreated, TTTS can have devastating consequences. Medical research indicates that:

• 90% of the cases of untreated TTTS lead to loss of one or both twins.
• Despite treatment, only a 70% survival rate for both twins is assured.
• Severe forms can result in preterm labor, cardiac failure in the recipient twin, and organ failure in the donor twin.
• Complications in long-term survivors include neurological damage and developmental delay in surviving infants.

TTTS usually advances in stages, beginning with minimal changes in fluid levels and worsening as one twin continues to get an unequal share of blood. In extreme cases, fetal laser surgery, referred to as the Solomon technique, can be employed to divide the blood vessels and balance the twins.

Why Identical Twin Pregnancies Are More Complicated

Identical twins may develop differently, and their own unique form of placental sharing can have a dramatic effect on pregnancy risk. Jesy Nelson's twins are considered monochorionic diamniotic (mono/di), which means they share a placenta but have two amniotic sacs. This is the type of pregnancy in about 70% of identical twin pregnancies and carries an increased risk of complications like TTTS, umbilical cord entanglement, and growth restriction.

Conversely, dichorionic diamniotic (di/di) twins both have a separate placenta and amniotic sac, which greatly diminishes the threat of TTTS. Twin pregnancy type is normally identified by early ultrasound, with physicians being able to track future complications from inception.

Other Twin Pregnancy Health Risks

Twin pregnancies, even without the presence of TTTS, entail a variety of health risks to the mother as well as infants:

1. Premature Birth

Over 60% of twin pregnancies end in premature delivery, with birth usually taking place before 37 weeks. Premature infants can have immature organs and need neonatal intensive care (NICU) assistance to assist with breathing, feeding, and infection fighting.

2. Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia

Pregnant women with multiples are at increased risk of having high blood pressure during pregnancy. This, if left untreated, can result in preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy that can result in damage to organs, preterm labor, and in some cases, maternal or fetal death.

3. Anemia

Pregnant women carrying multiples are twice as likely to experience anemia, a condition where the body does not produce enough healthy red blood cells. This can lead to fatigue, dizziness, and complications during delivery.

4. Birth Defects

According to John Hopkins Medicine, multiple birth babies are twice as likely to have congenital abnormalities compared to single births. These can include heart defects, neural tube defects, and gastrointestinal issues.

5. Amniotic Fluid Imbalances

When twins have to share a placenta, they are more likely to have polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid) or oligohydramnios (not enough amniotic fluid). Both result in distress to the babies during fetal development and can result in premature labor.

6. Postpartum Hemorrhage

Twins are at increased risk of excessive postpartum hemorrhage because their uterus is larger and there are greater blood supply needs.

Jesy Nelson's openness about her challenging experience is raising awareness for TTTS, a condition that few individuals—let alone expectant mothers and fathers—might be aware of. Through her tearful video, Nelson stressed the significance of knowing about twin pregnancies aside from the thrill of having multiples. "We had no idea that this type of thing occurs when you're having twins. We just desperately want to make people aware of this because there are so many people who aren't aware."

Her case reminds us of the intricacies involved in twin pregnancy and the significance of early identification and medical management. For mothers carrying twins, frequent ultrasounds and vigilance can become a life-and-death issue for early detection and better outcomes of both babies.

Through constant medical attention and care, she and her partner Zion Foster remain positive and get ready for their babies to be born. In other parents whose situations are no different, the story of Nelson highlights awareness, medical progress, and emotional encouragement in handling complicated pregnancies.

The expecting parents of twin siblings are advised to discuss TTTS screening and possible interventions with their physicians to give their babies the best chance.

A new and potentially life-saving step in the fight against malaria has surfaced as Novartis announced a promising drug combination that could prove crucial in regions where existing treatments are becoming less effective. Malaria continues to claim nearly 600,000 lives every year, though that number was once around 2 million about 25 years ago. The rise in deaths has been linked to the parasite’s growing resistance to long-used drugs, said George Jagoe, Executive Vice President for Access and Product Management at Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). Thankfully, a new malaria medicine now shows real promise as an effective tool against resistant strains.

New Malaria Treatments Show Promise As Drug Resistance Grows

On Wednesday, researchers revealed two new ways to fight the growing problem of malaria resistance, one of which involves a fresh class of drugs. Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis shared results of what it called a next-generation therapy. The study, conducted in 12 African countries, showed that its experimental drug worked effectively against the malaria parasite and also appeared to prevent transmission.

What Is GanLum?

The new drug, known as ganaplacide/lumefantrine or GanLum, was jointly developed by Novartis and Medicines for Malaria Venture, a non-profit organisation. According to Reuters, it was more than 97% successful in treating malaria during a phase III trial involving 1,688 adults and children across 34 sites in 12 African countries, Novartis reported. Malaria still kills more than 600,000 people each year, most of them children under five in sub-Saharan Africa.

GanLum is given as a packet of fine powder once daily for three days. However, getting patients to complete multi-day treatment remains a challenge. Many people stop after the first or second dose, once they begin to feel better. Experts estimate that about one-third of malaria patients fail to finish the full course, which can increase drug resistance and worsen otherwise curable infections.

In a separate study, researchers testing a one-time treatment found that a single dose made up of four commonly available malaria medicines worked well in curing the infection. Both studies were presented on Wednesday at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene conference in Toronto.

Parasite Has Repeatedly Developed Drug Resistance

Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. Infected individuals experience fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms that, if untreated, can become severe and even fatal. The disease primarily affects tropical and subtropical regions, with the highest death toll seen among children in sub-Saharan Africa.

The medical community’s fight against malaria has seen highs and lows as new treatments appear, only for the parasite to eventually develop resistance.

At the turn of this century, resistance to the once-effective chloroquine became widespread, and malaria deaths climbed to over 1.8 million annually. The introduction of a new group of drugs known as artemisinins helped reduce global malaria deaths dramatically.

As per NHS, today, artemisinin-based therapies remain the standard treatment. Yet, early signs of partial resistance have begun to appear, and due to several factors, global malaria death rates have either stagnated or started to rise in certain regions.

Experimental Treatment Shows Promise

GanLum, developed by Novartis, combines a new compound, ganaplacide, with an existing long-acting medication, lumefantrine. In a trial involving around 1,700 adults and children across 12 African nations, GanLum achieved a cure rate exceeding 97%, slightly higher than that of standard artemisinin-based therapies. It also proved highly effective against mutated malaria parasites that show partial resistance, according to Novartis officials.

Reported side effects included fever and anemia, similar to those seen with other antimalarial drugs. There was also a higher rate of vomiting immediately after administration, which experts suggest may be related to the drug’s taste. The company has said it is exploring ways to make it more palatable, such as by adding flavouring or sweeteners, Reuters reported.

As Delhi's air quality continues to deteriorate, and reached emergency levels on Tuesday, as per the official data, it has been declared to be the worst in nearly 11 months. As a result, Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) Stage-3 has been implemented in Delhi.

As of Tuesday, the city's average AQI as per the official data, stood at 428, this is worst since December 19 of last year, when the index read 451. This is a sharp rise from 362 AQI on Monday. Visibility too dropped to 600 metres at Safdarjung and 700 metres at Palam at 6.30am. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data continued to record 'severe' air quality levels across Delhi-NCR even on Wednesday morning.

You May Like To Read: Delhi Air Pollution: Think Pollution Only Hurts Your Lungs? Doctors Say It Can Cause Strokes Too

What Does GRAP 3 Mean For People?

GRAP is a 9-point action plan that is being implemented to bring down pollution. The restrictions are imposed in Delhi, and comprises a list of the type of vehicles, which are allowed in the national capital. This means, if you do not live in Delhi, and are travelling via Delhi, you will also have to comply with the rules. Failure to do so may invite penalty.

As per the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)'s statement: "Considering the ongoing trend in air quality and to prevent further decline, the sub-committee has decided to implement all measures under Stage III of GRAP – ‘Severe’ air quality (Delhi AQI between 401 and 450) – with immediate effect across the NCR."

Read: Delhi Sees A 60% Surge In Patients With Eye Problems Due To Worsening Air Pollution, According To Doctor

Which Zones Are Affected?

The enforcement zones include Delhi and NCR too, including Gurugram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gautam Buddha Nagar.

Are There Any Other Restrictions?

The restriction is not only on the vehicles, but also on dust-generating construction and demolition activities. The restrictions also include:

• Demolition Work
• Excavation or Earthwork, which includes laying sewer, water, drainage, or electrical lines
• Brick or masonry work
• Major welding and gas-cutting operations
• Painting, cementing, plastering, or coating work
• Tile cutting, grinding, and fixing
• Waterproofing and road repair or construction work
• Loading, unloading, or transfer of dust-generating materials
• Movement of vehicles carrying construction materials on unpaved roads
• Transportation of demolition waste

Read More: 1 in 7 Deaths In Delhi In 2023 Were Caused By Air Pollution, Revealed Study

The Delhi Government has also announced that schools up to Class V would be conducted in hybrid mode. Apart from this, all stone crushers and mining operations across NCR has been ordered to shut down.

What Are The GRAP Stages?

GRAP operates on a tiered system, with different stages corresponding to varying levels of AQI. The goal is to implement specific measures at each stage to curb pollution and reduce public health risks. The different stages of GRAP are:

• Stage I: It is triggered when the AQI falls in the range of 201-300, which indicates “poor” to “very poor” air quality.

• Stage II: This happens when the AQI reaches between 301 and 400, reflecting “very poor” to “severe” conditions.

• Stage III: This is implemented when the AQI exceeds 400, which is categorized as “severe” air quality. This stage triggers more stringent measures to reduce pollution levels, with a focus on restricting outdoor activities, vehicle use, and industrial operations.

How Does Pollution Impact One's Health?

Chronic pollution exposure aggravates oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. This means, with every breath you take, you inhale a toxic swamp.

As per Pusan National University, long term air pollution exposure actually triggers allergic immune responses in the lungs. Furthermore, a 2022 study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health also shows the negative impact on immune system with alarming and harmful air quality.

As per another 2000 study, published by the British Society for Immunology, people living in areas with higher pollution levels show measurably different immune responses than those in cleaner environment.

Air pollution contains toxins like particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. It also includes hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), such as lead, mercury, asbestos, benzene, and other volatile organic compounds. When one breathes this toxic and poisonous air the respiratory system bears the initial brunt of it. The pollutants then damage the delicate tissues lining your airways, and disrupts the barrier that normally prevents harmful substances from entering your body. When this first line of defense is compromised, pathogens find it easier to established infections.

Every year on November 12, World Pneumonia Day is observed. This day aims to spread awareness and educate people to combat Pneumonia disease, which is world's biggest infectious killer of adults and children, especially those below five years.

What Is Pneumonia?

It is an inflammatory respiratory disorder caused due to bacteria, viruses or fungal infections which impair the air sacs of the lungs, called alveoli. It happens due to the accumulation of fluid or pus in the air sacs, making breathing difficult. It is a contagious disease and could be fatal for the person with weaker immunity.

World Pneumonia Day 2025 Theme

This year, the theme for World Pneumonia Day 2025 is 'Child Survival'. This theme recognizes pneumonia as the leading infectious cause of death in children. Dr Raja Dhar, Director and HOD Pulmonology at CMRI Kolkata says, "Pneumonia continues to be a silent killer that claims over 2.5 million lives every year worldwide — with more than half a million of these deaths occurring in children under the age of five."

However, he also notes that this disease also poses a grave threat to older adults.

The theme draws attention to the heartbreaking truth that pneumonia continues to claim the lives of thousands of young children each year—even though it’s both preventable and treatable. It calls on families, communities, and leaders to unite in ensuring every child has access to good nutrition, clean air, vital vaccines, and timely medical care. The message is clear and deeply human: no child should die from a disease we can prevent.

History of World Pneumonia Day

World Pneumonia Day was first observed on November 12 2009, under the 'Stop Pneumonia' initiatives by the Global Coalition Against Child Pneumonia. This was a coalition of various institutions all together to fight the child mortality due to the respiratory infection.

Importance of Pneumonia Day

One of the most important significance of Pneumonia day is to spread awareness of the condition, especially early recognition, so it could be treated timely. Dr Dhar points out that early recognition and timely treatment could save lives.

"Prevention remains our strongest weapon. Regular hand hygiene, avoiding smoking, ensuring good nutrition, and staying up to date with pneumonia and influenza vaccinations—especially for children, older adults, and those with chronic illnesses—can drastically reduce risk," says Dr Dhar.

As the doctor suggests that this day helps us remember that protecting the lungs is equivalent to protecting life. "Seek medical help early for any signs of lung infection, and take proactive steps to safeguard your loved ones, especially the very young and the elderly, from the dangers of pneumonia," says the doctor.

What Are The Common Symptoms Of Pneumonia?

• Persistent cough (with phlegm or mucus)
• High fever and chills
• Chest pain while breathing or coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue and weakness

How Can You Prevent Pneumonia?

The best ways to prevent pneumonia are:

• Vaccination: get vaccination against flu, pneumococcal infections, and COVID-19
• Good Hygiene: wash hands regularly. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends washing hands frequently to prevent the spread of germs, and to apply enough soap to cover all hand surface.
• Healthy Lifestyle: maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get adequate rest
• Avoid smoking
• Eat healthy