Pope Francis injured his right arm after suffering a fall earlier this week. According to the Vatican, while the 88-year-old pontiff did not break his arm, a sling was put on as a precaution. This incident comes just weeks after another fall on December 7, where he hit his chin on a nightstand, resulting in another, visible bruise. The pope's health has been a topic of ongoing speculation due to his age and medical history, which includes long bouts of bronchitis and mobility challenges. Often seen using a wheelchair or a cane, Francis also uses a walker within the Vatican's Santa Marta hotel, where he resides. Notably, his frailty has brought renewed attention to the risks of falls among elderly individuals and the steps one must follow to mitigate such falls.

Preventive Measures For Bone Health

A study published in Frontiers in Aging Neurosciences people get older, the bone density in the lower back and thigh bone decreases significantly. This raises the risk of osteoporosis (OP). Therefore it becomes pivotal to pay early attention to nutrition, exercise ability, vitamin D levels, and uric acid levels in older individuals to prevent Ostreopsis and mitigate fall risks. The risk of falls and bone injuries among elderly individuals underscores the importance of preventive measures for maintaining bone health and minimizing fall risks.

Elderly, particularly menopausal women, require a daily calcium intake of 1,200 mg, divided into two or more doses. This can be achieved through dietary sources such as dairy and non-dairy products or through supplements like calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. However, total daily calcium intake should not exceed 2,500 mg to avoid potential health risks.

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. While sunlight exposure helps synthesize vitamin D, older individuals often require supplements due to reduced skin synthesis and the limited availability of foods. Fortified milk and supplements containing 200–600 IU of vitamin D daily are recommended, with higher doses required for those with deficiencies. Severe cases may necessitate high-dose treatments, such as 50,000 IU weekly for up to three months, along with regular monitoring of calcium and vitamin D levels.

Regular exercise is vital for preserving bone mass and reducing fall risk. Weight-bearing activities, strength training, and balance exercises like brisk walking or skipping can enhance bone density and improve coordination. Experts recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week, supplemented by strength training twice weekly. For individuals unable to engage in standard exercise routines, alternatives like vibrating platforms may help maintain bone health.

Falls remain a leading cause of fractures among individuals over 60. Addressing contributing factors such as balance issues, vision problems, and environmental hazards can significantly reduce risks. Preventive measures include regular vision checks, minimizing medications causing dizziness, improving home safety (e.g., installing railings and removing loose rugs), and wearing rubber-soled footwear. Hip protectors may also help mitigate the impact of falls.

AIIMS New Delhi launched free cervical cancer screening through January as a public interest drive. In India, in every 8 minutes, 1 woman loses her life to cervical cancer, however, doctors say that it is highly preventable. Thus, as part of the Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, Preventative Oncology at the Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital and the National Cancer Institute, in collaboration with the College of Nursing, is offering the WHO-recommended HPV testing, follow-up care, and vaccination.

Who Can Undergo These Screening?

• Women who are of the age 30 to 65 years can undergo cervical and breast cancer screening from Monday to Friday between 9am to 3pm.

• HPV vaccination is available for girls aged 9 to 14 years on Saturday between 9am to 12 noon at the New RAK Building, AIIMS.

• Community screening drives are also conducted across NCI Jhajjar through January 2026.

Dr Pallavi Shukla, Associate Professor of Preventative Oncology, AIIMS, who is coordinating the programme said, "This is one cancer which is absolutely preventable. Women should not neglect their health at any age, we must make earnest efforts to eliminate cervical cancer from India."

Also Read: Every Two Minutes, One Woman Loses Her Life To Cervical Cancer: UN

What Is Cervical cancer?

Cervical Cancer is a type of cancer that develops in layers of the cervix. It is caused by abnormal cell growth that can spread to another part of your body. There are two main types of cervical cancer. These are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Cervix is located in the pelvic cavity, about 3 to 6 inches inside the vaginal canal. It serves as the entrance to the uterus to the vagina. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), almost all cervial cancer are linked to human papillomaviruses (HPV) which are transmitted through sexual contact.

What Are The Symptoms Of Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer has no symptoms in the early days and therefore, is hard to detect until it has spread.

Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Symptoms

• Vaginal bleeding after sex
• Vaginal bleeding post-menopause
• Vaginal bleeding between periods or unusually heavy/long periods
• Watery vaginal discharge with a strong odour or containing blood
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
• Advanced Cervical Cancer Symptoms (when cancer has spread beyond the cervix):

Persistent symptoms of early-stage cervical cancer

• Painful or difficult bowel movements or rectal bleeding
• Painful or difficult urination or blood in the urine
• Persistent dull backache
• Swelling of the legs
• Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen

How Can Cervical Cancer Be Prevented?

Cervical cancer is largely preventable and, when detected early, highly treatable. The World Health Organization recommends HPV vaccination for girls aged 9 to 14, before they become sexually active, along with regular cervical screening from age 30, or 25 for women living with HIV.

Despite this, unequal access to vaccination, screening and treatment continues to drive higher rates of illness and deaths in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, Central America and Southeast Asia.

South Korean president Lee Jae Myung directed his government to consider expanding country's health insurance coverage for hair loss treatment. He remarked that hair loss has now become "a matter of survival". He calls baldness the new enemy and is quite worried by this.

As per The Chosun Daily, during a policy briefing on Tuesday, December 16, Lee asked, "Isn't hair loss part of a disease? I hear young people use a lot of hair loss medication - has there been a review?"

South Korea's national health insurance currently covers treatment for hair loss, but only those that are caused by medical conditions like alopecia areata. Most treatments for common male pattern baldness are not included in the insurance scheme, confirmed the South Korean Minister of Health and Welfare, Jeong Eun-Kyeong. Jeong explained that "genetic hair loss is not covered by health insurance due to its weak association with medical treatment". She also explained that hereditary hair loss is not covered because it is not life-threatening. Jeong explained that hair loss is considered a cosmetic concern.

However, Lee said, "Hair loss medication seems widely used—wouldn’t designating it under medical insurance lower drug prices?" He further added: "Hair loss was once seen as a cosmetic issue, but now it’s perceived as a survival matter. If costs are too burdensome, consider reviewing limits on frequency or total amounts.”

He also asked the same to be reviewed for obesity. “The same applies to obesity —are we reviewing drug treatments?” he asked. Lee also said that "there may be young people who think it’s unfair that they only pay insurance premiums and can’t receive benefits."

The Ministry of Health and Welfare has begun reviewing support for the proposal after a directive from the president, The Chosun Daily reported. This is not the first time Lee has raised the idea. He had promised insurance coverage for hair loss treatment during his unsuccessful 2022 presidential campaign, a pledge that drew criticism as populist.

Read: Why Is Your Hairline Receding?

Discrimination Against Bald Men

In 2018, a local company was asked to not discriminate against aspiring job seekers for being bald-headed. The National Human Rights Commission of Korea had to intervene and said any discrimination against bald men in employment is in violation of people's rights to equality. This recommendation came after a South Korean man filed a petition in August 2015, contending he failed to land a job at a building facility management company due to his baldness.

Also Read: Are Young Men Losing Hair Over Modern Lifestyle?

Yonhap News Agency reported, that while the company denied the allegation and said the applicant failed to meet certain requirements, the commission concluded that baldness may have been the primary factor in the hiring decision. It also noted that the applicant had been asked to wear a wig during the interview.

"(Having a) bald head is a natural phenomenon that cannot be reversed by individuals. Thus any discrimination over baldness cannot be considered reasonable," the National Human Rights Commission of Korea said.

Hospitals in Bristol are struggling as they are under extreme pressure during the winter season. The Bristol NHS Group said that due to high levels of seasonal illness, all healthcare facilities are seeing a significant increase in patients coming into hospitals. Factors like flu and harsh weather also contributed to the strain on the NHS.

In a state, Group Chief Medical Officer, Professor Tim Whittlestone said,, “Winter pressures are being felt across all our local NHS services. Hospital sites within the Bristol NHS Group are currently experiencing exceptionally high demand. If you require urgent medical assistance and are unsure where to go, please contact NHS 111 for guidance. If you have an appointment, please attend as usual unless you hear from us.”

Also Read: Sonia Gandhi Admitted to Hospital After Delhi Pollution Aggravates Bronchial Asthma

The UK Health Security Agency has already issued an Amber Cold Health-Alert for the South West of England this morning. The alert says that there is an increased risk of mortality rates for those above the age of 65. The alert also notes that anyone of younger age could too be at potential health risk during extreme weather.

How Long Will This Cold Last?

The UK Health Security Agency or the UKHSA and Met Office extended the duration of the current amber cold health alert. All regions of England will remain under the alert until 10am on Friday, January 9.

As per the Weather Health Alerting System, introduced by UKHSA and the Met Office, an amber cold health alert means that cold weather impacts are likely to be felt across the health and social care sector, with potential for the whole population to be at risk. Other sectors may also be impacted, which will necessitate a coordinated response.

As temperatures go low, it is predicted that health care services for the vulnerable population would be increased, along with an increase in risk to health for individuals aged 65 years and those living with serious health condition. Other vulnerable groups could be those sleeping rough.

Also Read: 4th Child Dies From Flu In Massachusetts

Dr Paul Coleman, Consultant in Health Protection at UKHSA, said: " The weather is forecast to be very cold across England over the coming few days. Low temperatures like these can have serious impacts on the health of some people, particularly older people and those with serious health conditions. Exposure to cold can lead to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and chest infections. It is therefore really important, as the colder weather sets in, to check in on friends, family and neighbours that are most vulnerable."

High Pressure On Hospitals

NHS England too have stressed that "pressures on hospitals remain incredibly high" with concerns that conditions could worsen with the cold snap, reported The Independent. As per the new NHS figures, 3,061 flu patients are in a hospital each day in the week ending December 21, while this is down from the average 3,140, in the week before, top doctor is saying that England is "not out of danger yet". Authorities are constantly urging people to get their flu jabs, which will help in protecting them and also ease the pressure on the hospitals.