Pope Francis injured his right arm after suffering a fall earlier this week. According to the Vatican, while the 88-year-old pontiff did not break his arm, a sling was put on as a precaution. This incident comes just weeks after another fall on December 7, where he hit his chin on a nightstand, resulting in another, visible bruise. The pope's health has been a topic of ongoing speculation due to his age and medical history, which includes long bouts of bronchitis and mobility challenges. Often seen using a wheelchair or a cane, Francis also uses a walker within the Vatican's Santa Marta hotel, where he resides. Notably, his frailty has brought renewed attention to the risks of falls among elderly individuals and the steps one must follow to mitigate such falls.

Preventive Measures For Bone Health

A study published in Frontiers in Aging Neurosciences people get older, the bone density in the lower back and thigh bone decreases significantly. This raises the risk of osteoporosis (OP). Therefore it becomes pivotal to pay early attention to nutrition, exercise ability, vitamin D levels, and uric acid levels in older individuals to prevent Ostreopsis and mitigate fall risks. The risk of falls and bone injuries among elderly individuals underscores the importance of preventive measures for maintaining bone health and minimizing fall risks.

Elderly, particularly menopausal women, require a daily calcium intake of 1,200 mg, divided into two or more doses. This can be achieved through dietary sources such as dairy and non-dairy products or through supplements like calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. However, total daily calcium intake should not exceed 2,500 mg to avoid potential health risks.

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. While sunlight exposure helps synthesize vitamin D, older individuals often require supplements due to reduced skin synthesis and the limited availability of foods. Fortified milk and supplements containing 200–600 IU of vitamin D daily are recommended, with higher doses required for those with deficiencies. Severe cases may necessitate high-dose treatments, such as 50,000 IU weekly for up to three months, along with regular monitoring of calcium and vitamin D levels.

Regular exercise is vital for preserving bone mass and reducing fall risk. Weight-bearing activities, strength training, and balance exercises like brisk walking or skipping can enhance bone density and improve coordination. Experts recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week, supplemented by strength training twice weekly. For individuals unable to engage in standard exercise routines, alternatives like vibrating platforms may help maintain bone health.

Falls remain a leading cause of fractures among individuals over 60. Addressing contributing factors such as balance issues, vision problems, and environmental hazards can significantly reduce risks. Preventive measures include regular vision checks, minimizing medications causing dizziness, improving home safety (e.g., installing railings and removing loose rugs), and wearing rubber-soled footwear. Hip protectors may also help mitigate the impact of falls.

Whooping cough deaths are rising in the US, as the country sees a surge in the infection. So far, tens of thousands have been infected, with at least 13 people dead from the bacterial infection this year. While the infection rate is lower than last year it continues to remain above typical pre-pandemic years. The Scientific American reports that the number of deaths have also seen a rise.

What Causes Whooping Cough?

Whooping cough or what is scientifically known as the respiratory infection called pertussis is severe, and is characterized by violent cough. It could leave people, especially infants, struggling to breath. While it is rarely fatal, it can have lingering symptoms and thus have earned the name '100-day cough'. Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which emits toxins into a person's respiratory tract. This is why early treatment with antibiotics vital to managing the infection. The bacterium is easily spread between people, through direct contact and droplets from mouth or nose. This is what makes it contagious.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US and its territories recorded 27,871 confirmed cases of whooping cough as of December 20 this year. By the same point last year, cases had reached 41,922, marking a sharp rebound after four pandemic years when annual infections stayed below 10,000.

Also Read: What Is Candida Auris Infection? The Deadly Superbug Spreading In US

How Lethal Is Whooping Cough?

As of now, 13 people have died of pertussis this year. As per the report from the Pan American Health Organization, and provision CDC data from last year, 10 deaths were noted in 2024, while three increased in 2025.

Public health experts worry that persistently high whooping cough cases this year, following last year’s surge, may reflect falling vaccination rates. The DTaP vaccine protects infants and young children, while Tdap covers older children and adults. CDC guidelines recommend multiple doses starting at two months, yet only 79 percent of children born in 2021 had received four DTaP doses by age two.

Who All Can Get The Shot For Whooping Cough?

Whooping cough is most dangerous, especially among infants under a year old. Public health experts also recommended that pregnant people must get the Tdap vaccine to transfer the antibodies to newborns. All adults are also advised to get the Tdap vaccine in every 10 years to ensure a continued protection.

What Are The Common Symptoms Of Whooping Cough?

Early symptoms that can last for 1 to 2 weeks usually include:

• Runny or stuffed-up nose
• Low-grade fever (less than 100.4°F)
• Mild, occasional cough

CDC notes that later symptoms could be rapid, violent, and uncontrolled coughing fits. About one to two weeks after early symptoms begin, many people develop intense coughing spells, known as paroxysms. These fits typically last one to six weeks, but in some cases can continue for up to 10 weeks. As the illness progresses, the cough becomes more frequent and severe.

During these episodes, people may produce a high-pitched “whoop” when breathing in, vomit during or after coughing, feel extreme exhaustion, struggle to breathe, have trouble sleeping, or even fracture a rib. Many describe it as the worst cough they have ever experienced.

As 2025 ends, more and more people are falling ill. With a surge in flu cases, and mystery disease like adenovirus, thousands of people are already infected. Now, a deadly fungus, also considered a superbug due to its resistance to all types of antibiotics. This is Candida auris.

Also Read: What To Know About The Super Flu Surge In US; 'It Will Likely Get Worse', Say Experts

What Is Candida Auris? The Superbug Resisting All Antibiotics

It is a type of invasive year that can cause deadly infections in people, especially with weakened immune system. As of now, it has infected at least 7,000 people across 27 US states, confirmed the data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The fungus can spread easily in healthcare settings, especially in hospitals and nursing homes. It is also spreading at an "alarming" rate, says CDC. The Hill reported that some strains of the fungus are troublesome because they are resistant to all types of antibiotics that are commonly used to treat fungal infections.

Due to fungus's resistance to antibiotics, it is becoming difficult to contain. As of now, more than half of the states have reported clinical cases of Candida auris in 2025. Another factor that makes it more dangerous is that standard lab tests cannot detect it. In a CDC press release, a CDC epidemiologist Dr Meghan Lyman said, "The rapid rise and geographic spread of cases is concerning and emphasizes the need for continued surveillance, expanded lab capacity, quicker diagnostic tests, and adherence to proven infection prevention and control."

Origins Of Candida Auris - The Superbug

This was first discovered in 2009 in Japan from the ear canal of a patient. Since then, it has spread to many countries, including India, where it was identified as a major public health threat in 2014.

Also Read: New Year's Eve Safety Tips, Fire Departments Across US Share Ways To Welcome 2026 Safely

Can Anyone Fight Off This Superbug?

Healthy people could possibly fight off this infection on their own. However, the population vulnerable could find it more difficult to fight off this deadly fungus. Melissa Nolan, an assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of South Carolina told Nexstar, "If you get infected with this pathogen that’s resistant to any treatment, there’s no treatment we can give you to help combat it. You’re all on your own."

Like the mystery disease, adenovirus, this fungus too can survive on surfaces, said Nolan. “It’s really good at just being, generally speaking, in the environment. So if you have it on a patient’s bed for example, on the railing, and you go to wipe everything down, if in whatever way maybe a couple of pathogens didn’t get cleared, then they’re becoming resistant. And so over time, they can kind of grow and populate in that hospital environment," said Nolan.

Is This Superbug Only Limited To The US?

Studies show that this superbug is not just limited to the US, but is spreading globally. It has already been found in at least 61 countries and on 6 continents. The study also found that the fungus is becoming more and more drug resistant, all due to its ability to switch from a yeast-like growth to a filament-driven spread. It also contains a cell wall that has proteins and makes it easier to stick on human skin "like glue". This is what enables it to colonize the human cells.

Former Australian batter Damien Martyn, 54, is suffering from meningitis, and was taken ill on Boxing Day in a Queensland hospital. The news on his condition came on Tuesday evening, and details confirmed to ESPNcircinfo noted that he is currently in an induced coma.

Former players, his colleagues and the sporting community is rallying around the 54-year-old, who currently "is in for the fight of his life" said the former AFL player Brad Hardie. His former teammate Darren Lehmann also told Martyn to "keep strong" on X.

“He is getting the best of treatment and [Martyn’s partner] Amanda and his family know that a lot of people are sending their prayers and best wishes,” said Adam Gilchrist his former Test and Western Australia teammate. Cricket Australia boss, Todd Greenberg, also wished Martyn a quick recovery. “I’m saddened to hear of Damien’s illness,” he said. “The best wishes of everyone at CA and in the wider cricket community are with him at this time.”

What Is Meningitis?

According to NHS UK, it is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can affect anyone, but is most common in babies.

While fever is not always present, it is usually considered as one of the classic symptoms of meningitis. It is important to know the varied symptoms, causes, and treatments of meningitis for early diagnosis and proper management of the disease.

Meningitis is an infectious illness that brings about inflammation in the meninges. The most common cause of such inflammation is bacterial or viral infections, though other causes are also possible including fungal, parasitic, or non-infectious causes (autoimmune disease, head injury, or brain surgery). Meningitis may be caused by bacterial meningitis, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates can be so severe and bring about conditions like hearing loss, vision problems, and death if not received on time.

Does Meningitis Always Result in Fever?

Although fever is a common presentation of meningitis, it is not always present. Certain people, particularly those with compromised immune systems, newborns, or the elderly, can get meningitis without significant temperature elevation. In these instances, other signs such as headache, confusion, or stiff neck can be more suggestive symptoms of the disease.

Fever in meningitis is usually caused by the body's immune reaction to the infection, but some factors can affect its occurrence or absence, such as:

• The nature of meningitis (bacterial, viral, fungal, or non-infectious)
• The immune response of the individual
• Pre-existing health conditions
• The course of the disease

Identifying the Symptoms of Meningitis

Meningitis signs may differ based on the reason and severity of infection. Even though fever is a common symptom, it should also be noted for other vital symptoms, which are:

• Severe headache
• Stiff neck
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion or inability to concentrate
• Fatigue or trouble waking up
• Seizures
• Skin rash (in meningococcal meningitis)

Symptoms in infants can be different and also involve excessive crying, irritability, feeding problems, a bulging soft spot (fontanelle) on the head, and unusual lethargy.