Experiencing daytime sleepiness is something that is usually perceived as a minor inconvenience, but for older adults, it could be an early warning sign of Dementia. This neurodegenerative disease leads to the progressive decline of brain cells. This eventually

affects memory, cognition, and personality, making everyday tasks more difficult. As one of the fastest-growing neurological disorders across the world, dementia poses a significant health threat to ageing populations.

Is Dementia Linked To Poor Sleep?

For this study, researchers followed 445 older adults (average age 76) over three years, aiming to determine whether poor sleep could increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which often leads to dementia. At the start, none of the participants had MCI, but by the end of the study, 36 individuals had developed the condition.

The researchers discovered that participants with poor sleep were more likely to develop MCI compared to those who slept well. However, when depression symptoms were taken into account, the link between poor sleep and MCI became less pronounced, suggesting that while sleep issues are a concern, mental health also plays a key role in dementia risk.

To assess sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used, evaluating factors such as sleep duration, disturbances, and daytime alertness. Among these, "daytime dysfunction"—defined as excessive sleepiness and low energy during the day—was most strongly associated with an increased risk of MCI. Those experiencing daytime dysfunction were more than three times as likely to develop MCI as those who didn’t report such symptoms.

There are many types of dementia:

Dementia is not a specific disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is an overall term that describes a decline in mental ability that interferes with daily life. People with dementia often have symptoms like trouble remembering, thinking, or making everyday decisions. These symptoms tend to get worse over time.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, and it mostly affects the elderly. Each form of dementia has a different cause. Though dementia mostly affects older adults, it is not a part of normal ageing. An estimated 6.7 million older adults have Alzheimer's disease in the United States. That number is expected to double by 2060, as per data from the CDC.

In 2022, 3.8% of men and 4.2% women in US were diagnosed with dementia. The percentage of people increase with age from 1.7% for those aged 65-74 to 13.1% for those aged 85 and older. Alzheimer's accounts for 60 to 80% of all dementia cases and it is most prevalent in California, Florida, and Texas, as these states have the highest number of people.

Globally renowned beauty and haircare brand L’Oréal is in the midst of a new legal battle in the US over allegations that it did not warn consumers possible potential cancer risks linked with its chemical hair-relaxer products.

Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes filed a consumer fraud lawsuit against L’Oréal USA, its parent company and SoftSheen, accusing the companies of selling chemical hair relaxers without disclosing alleged links to ovarian and uterine cancers. Arizona is the first US state to bring such a lawsuit against L’Oréal over the products.

The lawsuit alleges that the products were primarily marketed to African American women and, in some cases, children.

The state is seeking damages and penalties, including warnings if the brand wants to keep selling the products.

What Is The Concern With Hair Relaxers?

Chemical hair relaxers are highly alkaline products designed to permanently straighten textured hair. They work by breaking and reforming the disulfide bonds in keratin, which gives hair its natural shape.

According to the Arizona lawsuit, some chemical relaxer products contain substances including phthalates, parabens, and other chemicals classified as probable carcinogens.

The complaint states that repeated use can increase exposure as these products are applied directly onto the scalp.

However, the presence of a potentially hazardous chemical does not establish that using a particular product will cause cancer. Cancer risk depends on factors including the substance, dose, duration, and route of exposure.

Also read: Prostate Cancer: What's Fact, What's Fiction

Earlier Study Flags Same Concerns

The legal action follows years of scientific research that examined links between chemical hair relaxers and cancers related to hormones.

A 2022 study from the US National Institutes of Health found that women who reported frequent use of chemical hair-straightening products had more than twice the risk of developing uterine cancer compared with women who did not use them frequently.

The researchers, however, found an association, not proof that hair relaxers directly caused these cancers.

Other research has also investigated possible links with ovarian and breast cancers, adding to concerns about repeated exposure to chemicals may cause serious health conditions.

Also read: Beyond Vaccines And Nutrition: Why Childhood Cancer Needs A Wider Conversation

What Does L’Oréal Say?

According to Reuters, L’Oréal has rejected the allegations. A spokesperson for L’Oréal USA said that the company is confident in the safety of its products and considers that the claims lack legal and scientific merit.

The company said, “L’Oréal’s highest priority is the health and well-being of all our consumers. Our products are subject to a rigorous scientific evaluation of their safety by experts who also ensure that we strictly follow all regulations in every market in which we operate. We are confident in the safety of SoftSheen-Carson’s products and believe the allegations made in this lawsuit have neither legal nor scientific merit.”

L’Oréal also disputes the research underlying the litigation, saying the study cited by plaintiffs did not establish a causal connection between hair-relaxer use and the alleged health conditions and called for further research.

The Arizona lawsuit comes amid more than 12,000 similar lawsuits consolidated in a federal multidistrict litigation in Chicago involving L’Oréal, Revlon and other manufacturers. Trials in that litigation may start in 2027.

The current evidence does not mean that everyone who has used a chemical hair relaxer will develop cancer.

But repeated use is an area of ongoing scientific investigation. People who use these products can reduce unnecessary exposure by following product instructions carefully, avoiding application to irritated or damaged skin, and considering less frequent use or non-chemical alternatives.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) says its worst-ever Ebola outbreak has passed its peak and is now under control. But the assessment comes as the virus continues to spread geographically, with the outbreak crossing 7,000 cases and 3,398 deaths and reaching a seventh province.

The outbreak, caused by the Bundibugyo virus, was declared in May in northeastern Ituri province. As of September 10, DRC authorities had recorded 7,022 cases and 3,398 deaths, giving the outbreak a case-fatality rate of about 48%. Around 837 people remained in isolation or treatment.

DRC Says Ebola Has Passed Its Peak

DRC government spokesperson Patrick Muyaya said the government believes transmission has already peaked. The DRC government says the decline in cases attributes to a number of developments.

They say that 10 health zones affected before the latest expansion of the outbreak reported no new cases for at least 21 days. According to Xinhua news agency, transmission has slowed in several regions in the eastern province of Ituri, the epicenter of the outbreak.

Despite the slowdown, authorities called for strict monitoring and contact tracing, saying close surveillance remains necessary in regions where recent flare-ups have been reported.

“The 17th Ebola outbreak is under control, and the peak was reached at the beginning of the third week of August 2026,” Muyaya said while presenting the findings of a cabinet meeting and citing Health Minister Roger Kamba.

The government’s assessment comes despite the detection of Ebola in South-Ubangi, a northwestern province that had not previously been affected during this outbreak. The first reported patient there was a 23-year-old man who later died.

He had traveled extensively before coming in Sud-Ubangi. He had travelled across several provinces neighboring Rwanda and Uganda, as well as both road and river routes.

Also read: Ebola Cases Cross 6,000, Death Toll Nears 3,000 In Congo; Mortality Rate Remains Close To 50%

WHO Warns The Outbreak Is Still Uncontrolled

The World Health Organization does not seem to agree with DRC’s claims. In its latest assessment, WHO said the outbreak “remains uncontrolled and increasingly heterogeneous,” with transmission declining in some areas while continuing to intensify or spread in others.

WHO's latest data, covering September 7, recorded 6,757 confirmed cases and 3,267 deaths in DRC.

The agency said transmission remained variable, with continued geographic expansion and sustained increases in some health zones.

It is important to understand that a fall in cases in some hotspots does not necessarily mean the outbreak is over if new transmission chains are appearing elsewhere.

Also read: Ebola Outbreak In DR Congo Surpasses 3,000 Deaths: WHO & UN Say Outbreak Is Outpacing Response

DRC’s Deadliest Ebola Outbreak

The current epidemic is DRC's 17th Ebola outbreak and it has spread through remote and conflict-affected areas where healthcare infrastructure is limited. The WHO has also warned about shortages of trained healthcare workers, response partners, and funding.

Nearly 1,400 isolation and treatment beds have been established across affected areas, but the response still needs thousands more healthcare workers and additional resources.

Other challenges include unregulated and unsafe burials, population displacement, and delayed diagnosis. WHO has warned that late detection increases the risk of transmission within households, communities, and healthcare facilities.

Unlike the Zaire species responsible for previous major Ebola outbreaks, the Bundibugyo strain currently driving the DRC epidemic has no approved vaccine or specific treatment. Experimental vaccines and treatments are being evaluated. Vaccine for Zaire virus is also being tested to examine its efficacy on Bundibugyo Ebolavirus.

Ebola spreads primarily through direct contact with the blood or other bodily fluids of an infected person or someone who has died from the disease. Symptoms can include fever, severe weakness, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and, in some cases, bleeding.

As part of the New Delhi Declaration adopted at the 18th BRICS Summit in Delhi, world leaders are calling for a stronger focus on obesity and non-communicable diseases. The dialogue mainly focused on healthy lifestyles, combatting sedentary lifestyles, and early intervention to prevent obesity.

The New Delhi Declaration endorsed the BRICS Mission for Healthy Lifestyle, which included a 2026–2029 roadmap for promoting healthier living across member countries. The initiative is set to focus on technical cooperation, ensuring best practices and coordinated awareness efforts around obesity and other NCDs.

For India, as the challenge extends beyond telling people to “eat better and exercise more”, the declaration stressed that there is dire need of government and society-level active approach to tackle the burden of chronic lifestyle disorders.

With long working hours, prolonged sitting, irregular meals and increasingly sedentary routines, preventing NCDs may need major changes in how people work and live.

BRICS Focuses On Obesity And NCDs

NCDs include disorders like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. They are driven by a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors.

The World Health Organization identifies four major modifiable behavioural risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful alcohol consumption.

These can contribute to metabolic problems including obesity, high blood pressure, raised blood glucose and abnormal cholesterol.

WHO estimates that 31% of adults globally were insufficiently physically active in 2022. Physical inactivity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke and several cancers.

Also read: As India Faces Flu Vaccine Shortage Amid H1N1 Surge, ICMR Recommends Alternative: Expert Explains If You Should Take It

How Could The BRICS Mission Translate Into Action?

The new push for lifestyle changes signals a shift from treating NCDs after they develop towards preventive and promotive healthcare involving governments, workplaces, healthcare systems and communities.

Dr Paras Agarwal, Director - Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolic Clinic, CK Birla Hospital, Gurgaon, spoke to HealthandMe about the global push for obesity prevention and promotion of healthy lifestyle.

Dr Agarwal says, "BRICS recognising obesity as a major global public health challenge is a significant step, because obesity is not a cosmetic issue but a metabolic one, closely tied to insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Globally, this signals that prevention deserves the same urgency as treatment."

The diabetes specialist said that it is the need of the hour for Indians as it is currently carrying the burden of invisible metabolic risk.

He added, "For India, it carries an added layer: many people with a normal BMI still carry hidden abdominal fat and real metabolic risk."

The expert did not fail to point out the difference between policy building and implementing meaningful systems in place to achieve desired outcomes.

He said, "The real measure of this recognition's success will be whether it translates into accessible screening, sustainable lifestyle support and earlier intervention, rather than remaining a policy statement alone."

Also read: Can India Prevent Rabies Deaths By Vaccinating Dogs? Lancet Study Says Kerala May Reach Near-Zero Deaths In 3 Years

Sedentary Lifestyle Is The Silent Killer

India's growing desk workforce is facing a major health risk. Prolonged sitting could directly contribute to obesity and a number of metabolic and cardiovascular health challenges.

Sedentary behaviour teamed with uncontrolled calorie intake can contribute to weight gain and reduced insulin sensitivity, making it harder for the body to regulate blood glucose. Over time, people at higher risk can progress from normal glucose levels to prediabetes and eventually type 2 diabetes.

These chronic lifestyle disorders can be curbed only when timely preventive action is taken.

It is important to break up long periods of sitting with brief movements like walking during breaks, taking stairs or stretching between meetings, can make physical activity more achievable.

Regular aerobic exercise and strength training remain extremely important, depending on an individual's health and physical ability.

Prevention also includes right food choices, sleep, stress management and timely screening. WHO also recommends adults aged 18–64 get 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, along with strength training.

Besides obesity and NCDs, the BRICS declaration also focused on mental well-being, including a BRICS Training Hub Network and Centres of Excellence, with NIMHANS as the coordinating centre.