Pakistan continues to be dealing with a polio outbreak as four fresh cases have emerged, pushing the national tally to 37 this year, according to health officials on October 19, 2024. Health officials said that the regional reference laboratory for polio eradication at the National Institute of Health in Islamabad confirmed wild poliovirus type-1 (WPV1) in two children-one from each Balochistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

In recent cases, a girl has been affected from Pishin, and two boys from Chaman and Noshki of Balochistan, and a girl from Lakki Marwat in KP. These are the first detections of the virus within Noshki and Lakki Marwat this year; isolated cases of poliovirus were previously reported within Chaman and Pishin. The province of Balochistan was the worst hit with 20 cases, Sindh had 10, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had five, and Punjab and Islamabad had one case each.

A gigantic fight against polio has been on going in Pakistan- especially in Balochistan and southern KP-over the last two years. Immunisation campaigns have often been suspended or delayed because of local protests, insecurity, and community boycotts. Consequently, quite a number of children did not get the necessary vaccinations, making existing patches of vulnerability for the virus to flow within those pockets.

Noshki, located near Afghanistan's border, and Lakki Marwat have also recently reported some positive environmental samples that confirm the virus is present here, said a local reference laboratory official. Samples of latest cases are currently under genetic sequencing for checking spread of virus and origin.

As the threat of polio continues to grow, Pakistan has vowed to mount a nationwide campaign against it beginning from October 28. With the zeal to tackle the menace in the most effective manner, over 45 million children under the age of five will be vaccinated across the country.

Today, Afghanistan and Pakistan remain one of the few countries where polio has not yet been eradicated. The WHO said the virus remains a potential serious public health threat in areas with low vaccination coverage and weak surveillance.

India On Alert Against Polio

The country declared itself polio-free since 2014 and has kept the disease on bay almost a decade with very robust vaccination programs; however, two cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus cases reported in recent days from Meghalaya create some amount of doubts over a possible resurgence. Experts observe that in India, despite these detections taking place, strong coverage of vaccination at 90-95% and mandatory surveillance measures keep the risk of this widespread outbreak at bay.

The experts point out, however, that such stable situation in India requires continued surveillance. "Countries like Pakistan and parts of Africa remain at a high risk because vaccination rates in those areas are much lower," Dr. Siddharth, public health expert, said. Vaccination is an indispensable act in order to avoid the spread of this incapacitating disease that manifests most importantly as a nervous system affliction leading to the paralysis of a long period.

With concerted efforts from health authorities, there is hope someday that the scourge of polio will be completely eradicated from the face of the earth and future generations will never suffer from its effects.

The UK National Health Service (NHS) has approved the free rollout of a breakthrough ovarian cancer drug, benefiting hundreds of women with hard-to-treat cancer starting today.

Importantly, the US FDA-approved drug is the first new addition to NHS treatment for this group of patients in over 20 years.

The last major NHS treatment introduced for these patients was the rollout of liposomal doxorubicin and paclitaxel in the early 2000s.

The NHS, in a statement, said that the new targeted therapy, mirvetuximab soravtansine, will be offered to patients living with ovarian cancer whose disease has stopped responding to standard (platinum-based) chemotherapy, providing new hope of extra time to live.

Mirvetuximab soravtansine (Elahere) has been developed by AbbVie. The NHS estimates up to 400 patients in England each year could benefit.

“This represents the most significant breakthrough in NHS treatment for these hard-to-treat ovarian cancers in over two decades – and we’re delighted it will now offer hundreds of women much-needed hope of precious extra time with their loved ones,” said Professor Ruth Plummer, NHS national clinical lead for cancer drugs.

How Does The Drug Work?

According to the NHS, the drug combines a ‘homing’ antibody with a cancer-killing medicine, often described by scientists as a ‘biological missile’ or ‘Trojan horse’ therapy.

It works by attaching to ovarian cancer cells that have a protein called folate receptor alpha (FRα) on their surface, before releasing a cancer-killing molecule that destroys the cell from within.

In a major global clinical trial involving eight NHS hospitals, the treatment delayed cancer progression and prolonged survival, with patients living 16.5 months on average compared to 12.8 months with chemotherapy.

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Who Can Avail The Drug Through The NHS?

Following a recommendation by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the treatment will be available for:

• patients with epithelial ovarian cancer,
• peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer that has become resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy
• whose tumors contain the FRα protein targeted by the drug.

The treatment is given intravenously (via a drip) over two to four hours, once every three weeks.

Are There Any Side Effects?

The NHS stated that the drug may also have more tolerable side effects than traditional chemotherapy, as it is aimed more precisely at cancer cells than chemotherapy, which can also harm healthy cells.

Common side effects include:

• Eye problems such as blurred vision or dry eyes
• Tiredness
• Nausea
• Low blood counts

Most side effects are manageable with monitoring and supportive care.

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Ovarian Cancer Remains A Major Health Challenge

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological cancer worldwide. In the UK, there are around 7,500 new diagnoses each year.

Standard treatment for ovarian cancer typically involves surgery and chemotherapy, but around 80 per cent of patients with advanced disease relapse, and most eventually develop resistance to chemotherapy.

More than a third of patients (37 per cent) treated with mirvetuximab soravtansine also saw their tumors shrink by at least 30 per cent, compared to 16 per cent of patients receiving chemotherapy in clinical trials.

Recent research is changing our understanding of testosterone's role in brain cancer, particularly glioblastoma. A study published in Nature in May 2026 made this finding, altering previous understanding. Dr. Vishnu P. S., Consultant Neurosurgeon, Dr. KM Cherian Institute of Medical Sciences, Chengannur, in an interview with Health and Me, explained the impact of testosterone in fighting brain tumours.

This study, conducted under the National Institutes of Health with a group of researchers from the Cleveland Clinic, turned decades of medical thinking on its head. They discovered that testosterone actually slows down brain tumour growth in men. This breakthrough could totally change how we treat glioblastoma.

This study found that drops in testosterone ramp up inflammation and activate the HPA axis, producing stress hormones that speed up tumour growth. Analysing data from over 1,300 men with the deadly disease glioblastoma, researchers observed a significant benefit for those on testosterone supplements: they had a 38% lower risk of dying compared to those who were not receiving the extra hormone.

How Testosterone Protects the Brain

Testosterone usually regulates microglia, which are defense cells in the brain. When testosterone levels drop, especially in older males, these cells increase inflammation, making the brain less able to fight off issues such as tumours. Removing testosterone in preclinical tests on mice accelerated tumour growth, but restoring it slowed things down again.

The Change Everyone Is Surprised By

This finding shifts what everyone used to think. Previously, people believed testosterone helped tumours grow. But now, that idea has been turned on its head. What was once seen as harmful is now understood to be protective, suppressing brain tumours instead. Plus, the hormone works differently in the brain compared to other parts of the body and helps regulate protective systems there.

In India, this matters a great deal because men develop glioblastomas more often than women do (with a 3:2 ratio). This new finding could totally change how doctors treat patients here, especially older males whose androgen levels are lower and who already have a higher risk of developing this type of cancer.

What This Means for Patients

Glioblastoma continues to be one of the most difficult cancers to treat, with limited improvements in survival rates despite surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, this new research suggests that hormones can influence the brain’s immune and stress responses. This might lead to new treatment pathways, especially since androgen levels naturally decline in older men as they age.

Still, caution is needed. The relationship between testosterone and cancer is complex and has produced mixed results. Because of this, doctors do not recommend self-medicating or using hormone therapies unless under close medical supervision or as part of clinical trials. At present, it is more about viewing this as a promising step forward that could offer hope to the millions of patients and families dealing with this devastating illness.

Amid the ongoing Ebola outbreak in Africa, Rajasthan has reported its first suspected case of the Ebola virus.

According to the Ministry of Health, there are currently no confirmed Ebola cases in India.

A woman who arrived in the state from Uganda has shown symptoms consistent with Ebola infection, according to media reports.

Woman Isolated After Airport Screening

The woman reportedly arrived in Jaipur from Sharjah on an Air Arabia flight and landed at Jaipur airport around 4:30 a.m.

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During routine health screening at the airport, she exhibited symptoms associated with Ebola infection. The health department was immediately informed, and she was placed under special observation.

She has since been admitted to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) Hospital in Jaipur and kept in isolation as a precautionary measure.

Following the suspected case, the state Health Department has been placed on alert and is closely monitoring the situation.

Samples Sent to NIV Pune for Testing

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RUHS Hospital Superintendent Dr. Anil Gupta told the media that Ebola infection has not yet been confirmed in the woman. Her samples have been sent to the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune for testing.

While she has displayed symptoms similar to Ebola infection, confirmation can only be made after laboratory testing. The results are expected by this evening or tomorrow morning.

Meanwhile, doctors have begun treatment and monitoring under a special protocol.

Health Ministry Issues Advisory

"No Ebola disease cases have been reported in India," the Health Ministry said in its latest update on June 3. However, the ministry has advised travelers arriving from Ebola-affected countries, including Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, to remain alert for symptoms and seek medical guidance if they feel unwell.

"For information, guidance and assistance, call MoHFW's 24x7 Health Helpline: 1075," the ministry said on X.

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and the Ministry of Civil Aviation have implemented strict screening and monitoring measures at airports across India.

The government has also issued guidelines for passengers arriving from Ebola-affected countries. As part of precautionary measures, travelers entering India from such nations are required to undergo a 21-day quarantine period.

In late May, several suspected Ebola cases were reported from Gujarat, Bengaluru and Madhya Pradesh. All later tested negative for the virus. All the suspected infections involved individuals with travel links to Ebola-affected countries.

Ebola has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). In a major relief amid the ongoing outbreak, the WHO said dropped the number of suspected cases to 116 after hundreds were ruled out following investigation.

Earlier, the number of suspected cases had neared 1,000 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

The global health agency said that there had been 48 deaths and six recoveries in Congo, Reuters reported. In Uganda, there have been 15 confirmed cases and one associated death.

Expert Questions Travel Policy

Mumbai-based infectious disease expert Dr. Ishwar Gilada questioned why India continues to allow travelers from countries experiencing Ebola outbreaks.

"Our policy should be so strict that we do not allow anybody coming from those kinds of countries where there is already an outbreak of Ebola, because Ebola has neither a treatment nor a cure nor a preventive vaccine," Dr. Gilada told HealthandMe.

What Is Ebola? How Does The Disease Spread?

Ebola disease is a severe viral hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. Ebola spreads through:

• Direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids
• Contact with contaminated surfaces or medical equipment
• Unsafe caregiving exposure
• Traditional burial practices involving direct contact
• Certain zoonotic animal exposures.

Symptoms to watch for include:

• fever,
• weakness,
• headache,
• muscle pain,
• vomiting,
• diarrhea,
• sore throat,
• unexplained bleeding.