Pakistan continues to be dealing with a polio outbreak as four fresh cases have emerged, pushing the national tally to 37 this year, according to health officials on October 19, 2024. Health officials said that the regional reference laboratory for polio eradication at the National Institute of Health in Islamabad confirmed wild poliovirus type-1 (WPV1) in two children-one from each Balochistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

In recent cases, a girl has been affected from Pishin, and two boys from Chaman and Noshki of Balochistan, and a girl from Lakki Marwat in KP. These are the first detections of the virus within Noshki and Lakki Marwat this year; isolated cases of poliovirus were previously reported within Chaman and Pishin. The province of Balochistan was the worst hit with 20 cases, Sindh had 10, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had five, and Punjab and Islamabad had one case each.

A gigantic fight against polio has been on going in Pakistan- especially in Balochistan and southern KP-over the last two years. Immunisation campaigns have often been suspended or delayed because of local protests, insecurity, and community boycotts. Consequently, quite a number of children did not get the necessary vaccinations, making existing patches of vulnerability for the virus to flow within those pockets.

Noshki, located near Afghanistan's border, and Lakki Marwat have also recently reported some positive environmental samples that confirm the virus is present here, said a local reference laboratory official. Samples of latest cases are currently under genetic sequencing for checking spread of virus and origin.

As the threat of polio continues to grow, Pakistan has vowed to mount a nationwide campaign against it beginning from October 28. With the zeal to tackle the menace in the most effective manner, over 45 million children under the age of five will be vaccinated across the country.

Today, Afghanistan and Pakistan remain one of the few countries where polio has not yet been eradicated. The WHO said the virus remains a potential serious public health threat in areas with low vaccination coverage and weak surveillance.

India On Alert Against Polio

The country declared itself polio-free since 2014 and has kept the disease on bay almost a decade with very robust vaccination programs; however, two cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus cases reported in recent days from Meghalaya create some amount of doubts over a possible resurgence. Experts observe that in India, despite these detections taking place, strong coverage of vaccination at 90-95% and mandatory surveillance measures keep the risk of this widespread outbreak at bay.

The experts point out, however, that such stable situation in India requires continued surveillance. "Countries like Pakistan and parts of Africa remain at a high risk because vaccination rates in those areas are much lower," Dr. Siddharth, public health expert, said. Vaccination is an indispensable act in order to avoid the spread of this incapacitating disease that manifests most importantly as a nervous system affliction leading to the paralysis of a long period.

With concerted efforts from health authorities, there is hope someday that the scourge of polio will be completely eradicated from the face of the earth and future generations will never suffer from its effects.

AIIMS New Delhi launched free cervical cancer screening through January as a public interest drive. In India, in every 8 minutes, 1 woman loses her life to cervical cancer, however, doctors say that it is highly preventable. Thus, as part of the Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, Preventative Oncology at the Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital and the National Cancer Institute, in collaboration with the College of Nursing, is offering the WHO-recommended HPV testing, follow-up care, and vaccination.

Who Can Undergo These Screening?

• Women who are of the age 30 to 65 years can undergo cervical and breast cancer screening from Monday to Friday between 9am to 3pm.

• HPV vaccination is available for girls aged 9 to 14 years on Saturday between 9am to 12 noon at the New RAK Building, AIIMS.

• Community screening drives are also conducted across NCI Jhajjar through January 2026.

Dr Pallavi Shukla, Associate Professor of Preventative Oncology, AIIMS, who is coordinating the programme said, "This is one cancer which is absolutely preventable. Women should not neglect their health at any age, we must make earnest efforts to eliminate cervical cancer from India."

Also Read: Every Two Minutes, One Woman Loses Her Life To Cervical Cancer: UN

What Is Cervical cancer?

Cervical Cancer is a type of cancer that develops in layers of the cervix. It is caused by abnormal cell growth that can spread to another part of your body. There are two main types of cervical cancer. These are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Cervix is located in the pelvic cavity, about 3 to 6 inches inside the vaginal canal. It serves as the entrance to the uterus to the vagina. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), almost all cervial cancer are linked to human papillomaviruses (HPV) which are transmitted through sexual contact.

What Are The Symptoms Of Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer has no symptoms in the early days and therefore, is hard to detect until it has spread.

Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Symptoms

• Vaginal bleeding after sex
• Vaginal bleeding post-menopause
• Vaginal bleeding between periods or unusually heavy/long periods
• Watery vaginal discharge with a strong odour or containing blood
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
• Advanced Cervical Cancer Symptoms (when cancer has spread beyond the cervix):

Persistent symptoms of early-stage cervical cancer

• Painful or difficult bowel movements or rectal bleeding
• Painful or difficult urination or blood in the urine
• Persistent dull backache
• Swelling of the legs
• Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen

How Can Cervical Cancer Be Prevented?

Cervical cancer is largely preventable and, when detected early, highly treatable. The World Health Organization recommends HPV vaccination for girls aged 9 to 14, before they become sexually active, along with regular cervical screening from age 30, or 25 for women living with HIV.

Despite this, unequal access to vaccination, screening and treatment continues to drive higher rates of illness and deaths in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, Central America and Southeast Asia.

Pilot project to provide menstrual cups to school and college students in selected districts of Karnataka has been successfully implemented and now the Department of Health and Family Welfare has decided to expand the scheme across the state. The Government order noted a revised administrative approval which granted to provide 10,38,912 menstrual cups at a cost of more than Rs 61 crores through Karnataka State Medical Supplies Corporation Limited (KSMSCL) under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

This decision is said to cut government expenditure on sanitary napkins by Rs 10 crores. The government spend Rs 71 crores to purchase 2,35,74,084 sanitary napkins annually to provide to beneficiaries of the Shuchi scheme. The revised order states that the department will continue distributing sanitary napkins for the next three months, after which students will be provided one menstrual cup for the following academic year.

What Are Menstrual Cups?

Menstrual cups are a small, reusable intimate product used to collect period blood. It is not only good for maintaining menstrual hygiene but is also good for the environment.

How To Insert A Menstrual Cup Correctly?

Learning to use a menstrual cup properly might take some time and practice. If you have questions about which cup to choose or how to use it, your gynecologist can provide guidance. It's common to have some difficulty during the first few uses, but most people become comfortable by their third menstrual cycle. Here is how you insert it for use:

• Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water before handling the menstrual cup.
• There are various ways to fold the cup for insertion, such as the C-fold, 7-fold, or punch-down fold. Experiment to find which one works best for you.
• Find a comfortable position, such as squatting or sitting on the toilet.
• Gently insert the folded cup into your vagina, aiming it towards your tailbone.
• The cup should sit just below your cervix and feel comfortable. It should sit lower than a tampon.
• Once inserted, the cup should open and create a slight suction against the vaginal walls. You can gently rotate the cup or run a finger around the base to ensure its fully open.
• If your experience any pain or discomfort, it’s important to consult with a health care professional or your gynecologist.

Dangers Of A Poorly Fitted Menstrual Cup

The problem arose because the menstrual cup wasn't sitting where it is supposed to be. The cup was pressing on the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, essentially blocking the flow. This blockage led to pain and other symptoms for the woman. While this is a very rare occurrence, it emphasizes the importance of understanding how the cup interacts with your body.

Lancet health explains that a poorly fitted menstrual cup can cause issues like leakage from improper fit or fullness, pain or minor injuries from insertion, rare allergic reactions, and possible urinary problems due to urethral irritation or blockage. Though infrequent, IUD dislodgement has been reported, but it's difficult to definitively link it to cup use. Infections, including the very rare toxic shock syndrome (TSS), are possible if cups aren't properly cleaned, but studies suggest they may be less risky than tampons or pads. Overall, while complications are possible, they are generally infrequent.

The size of the cup, how it's placed, how long it's used, and each person's unique body shape all play a role. Even though this kind of complication is unlikely with regular use, it's a good reminder to pay attention to how you use menstrual cups and to be aware of potential issues.

The size of the cup, how it's placed, how long it's used, and each person's unique body shape all play a role. Even though this kind of complication is unlikely with regular use, it's a good reminder to pay attention to how you use menstrual cups and to be aware of potential issues.

South Korean president Lee Jae Myung directed his government to consider expanding country's health insurance coverage for hair loss treatment. He remarked that hair loss has now become "a matter of survival". He calls baldness the new enemy and is quite worried by this.

As per The Chosun Daily, during a policy briefing on Tuesday, December 16, Lee asked, "Isn't hair loss part of a disease? I hear young people use a lot of hair loss medication - has there been a review?"

South Korea's national health insurance currently covers treatment for hair loss, but only those that are caused by medical conditions like alopecia areata. Most treatments for common male pattern baldness are not included in the insurance scheme, confirmed the South Korean Minister of Health and Welfare, Jeong Eun-Kyeong. Jeong explained that "genetic hair loss is not covered by health insurance due to its weak association with medical treatment". She also explained that hereditary hair loss is not covered because it is not life-threatening. Jeong explained that hair loss is considered a cosmetic concern.

However, Lee said, "Hair loss medication seems widely used—wouldn’t designating it under medical insurance lower drug prices?" He further added: "Hair loss was once seen as a cosmetic issue, but now it’s perceived as a survival matter. If costs are too burdensome, consider reviewing limits on frequency or total amounts.”

He also asked the same to be reviewed for obesity. “The same applies to obesity —are we reviewing drug treatments?” he asked. Lee also said that "there may be young people who think it’s unfair that they only pay insurance premiums and can’t receive benefits."

The Ministry of Health and Welfare has begun reviewing support for the proposal after a directive from the president, The Chosun Daily reported. This is not the first time Lee has raised the idea. He had promised insurance coverage for hair loss treatment during his unsuccessful 2022 presidential campaign, a pledge that drew criticism as populist.

Read: Why Is Your Hairline Receding?

Discrimination Against Bald Men

In 2018, a local company was asked to not discriminate against aspiring job seekers for being bald-headed. The National Human Rights Commission of Korea had to intervene and said any discrimination against bald men in employment is in violation of people's rights to equality. This recommendation came after a South Korean man filed a petition in August 2015, contending he failed to land a job at a building facility management company due to his baldness.

Also Read: Are Young Men Losing Hair Over Modern Lifestyle?

Yonhap News Agency reported, that while the company denied the allegation and said the applicant failed to meet certain requirements, the commission concluded that baldness may have been the primary factor in the hiring decision. It also noted that the applicant had been asked to wear a wig during the interview.

"(Having a) bald head is a natural phenomenon that cannot be reversed by individuals. Thus any discrimination over baldness cannot be considered reasonable," the National Human Rights Commission of Korea said.