Pakistan continues to be dealing with a polio outbreak as four fresh cases have emerged, pushing the national tally to 37 this year, according to health officials on October 19, 2024. Health officials said that the regional reference laboratory for polio eradication at the National Institute of Health in Islamabad confirmed wild poliovirus type-1 (WPV1) in two children-one from each Balochistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

In recent cases, a girl has been affected from Pishin, and two boys from Chaman and Noshki of Balochistan, and a girl from Lakki Marwat in KP. These are the first detections of the virus within Noshki and Lakki Marwat this year; isolated cases of poliovirus were previously reported within Chaman and Pishin. The province of Balochistan was the worst hit with 20 cases, Sindh had 10, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had five, and Punjab and Islamabad had one case each.

A gigantic fight against polio has been on going in Pakistan- especially in Balochistan and southern KP-over the last two years. Immunisation campaigns have often been suspended or delayed because of local protests, insecurity, and community boycotts. Consequently, quite a number of children did not get the necessary vaccinations, making existing patches of vulnerability for the virus to flow within those pockets.

Noshki, located near Afghanistan's border, and Lakki Marwat have also recently reported some positive environmental samples that confirm the virus is present here, said a local reference laboratory official. Samples of latest cases are currently under genetic sequencing for checking spread of virus and origin.

As the threat of polio continues to grow, Pakistan has vowed to mount a nationwide campaign against it beginning from October 28. With the zeal to tackle the menace in the most effective manner, over 45 million children under the age of five will be vaccinated across the country.

Today, Afghanistan and Pakistan remain one of the few countries where polio has not yet been eradicated. The WHO said the virus remains a potential serious public health threat in areas with low vaccination coverage and weak surveillance.

India On Alert Against Polio

The country declared itself polio-free since 2014 and has kept the disease on bay almost a decade with very robust vaccination programs; however, two cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus cases reported in recent days from Meghalaya create some amount of doubts over a possible resurgence. Experts observe that in India, despite these detections taking place, strong coverage of vaccination at 90-95% and mandatory surveillance measures keep the risk of this widespread outbreak at bay.

The experts point out, however, that such stable situation in India requires continued surveillance. "Countries like Pakistan and parts of Africa remain at a high risk because vaccination rates in those areas are much lower," Dr. Siddharth, public health expert, said. Vaccination is an indispensable act in order to avoid the spread of this incapacitating disease that manifests most importantly as a nervous system affliction leading to the paralysis of a long period.

With concerted efforts from health authorities, there is hope someday that the scourge of polio will be completely eradicated from the face of the earth and future generations will never suffer from its effects.

Eli Lilly has made its latest move to look beyond the blockbuster GLP-1 market by agreeing to acquire biotech company Merida Biosciences for up to $2.875 billion in cash.

The deal will give Lilly access to Merida's experimental treatments for autoimmune and allergic diseases, including a potential drug for Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease. The transaction is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2026, subject to regulatory approvals and other conditions.

The acquisition is another sign that Lilly is trying to diversify its pipeline beyond the obesity and diabetes medicines that have driven its recent growth. Lilly's spending on similar deals in 2026 that signals the company is looking to to expand beyond its successful hold on GLP-1 markets.

From Weight Loss Medications To Autoimmune Disease Drugs

Merida's lead programme, MER511, is currently in Phase 1 development for Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease (TED). The experimental treatment uses Merida's antibody-engineering platform to selectively remove pathogenic autoantibodies, the antibodies responsible for driving certain autoimmune diseases.

The idea is different from conventional immune-suppressing medicines, which dampen immune activity broadly. Initial Phase 1 data showed that MER511 substantially reduced thyroid-stimulating antibodies associated with Graves' disease and TED, while showing a favourable initial safety profile.

Francisco Ramírez-Valle, Lilly's senior vice president of immunology research and early clinical development, said, “We're building our pipeline around therapies that meaningfully change the course of disease, not just its downstream effects.”

He added that Merida's lead programme is designed to selectively and directly target the antibodies driving Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease.

Also read: Eli Lilly’s Foundayo Launched In UK: Is the GLP-1 Pill Better Than Wegovy, Mounjaro?

Different Drug Approach To Autoimmune Disease

In thyroid eye disease, inflammation can cause eye bulging, pain, double vision and, in severe cases, vision impairment.

Lilly's interest is specifically in Merida's approach is its attempt to target the disease-causing antibodies themselves, rather than suppressing the immune system more broadly.

Merida CEO Adam Townsend said, “Merida was founded to fundamentally change how autoimmune and allergic diseases are treated, by targeting the antibodies driving them directly, rather than suppressing the immune system broadly.”

That could potentially offer a more precise way of treating diseases in which specific autoantibodies are driving the damage.

Also read: Wegovy Is The Go-To Weightloss Drug Choice For Most US Teens

Lilly's Expanding Pipeline

The acquisition isn't only about Graves' disease. Merida's pipeline includes MER769, an experimental programme being developed for food allergy, asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria and other allergic diseases.

The company also has earlier-stage programmes targeting kidney diseases and other conditions mediated by immunity.

This gives Lilly a potential base across a much broader range of immune-mediated diseases. The company that became synonymous with Mounjaro and Zepbound is trying to build a pharmaceutical portfolio that does not cash in entirely on the GLP-1 boom.

MER511 is still only in Phase 1, meaning its safety and preliminary biological activity are being evaluated in early clinical testing. The promising initial data do not yet establish whether the drug will ultimately work in larger patient populations or receive regulatory approval.

The $2.88-billion deal is therefore not Lilly buying an already-proven autoimmune medicine. It is buying a platform and the potential for an entirely new class of treatments.

As Townsend put it, “Joining Lilly gives our science the resources and commitment to realize its potential for patients with immune-mediated conditions.”

The NHS in England today announced that 100 pharmacies will offer free cholesterol check-ups beginning this autumn.

The initiative is part of an NHS drive to reduce heart disease and stroke deaths by a quarter over the next decade. It will include free finger-prick blood tests for cholesterol on the high street for the first time.

Who Is Eligible?

People aged 40 to 84 who are not pregnant and have not had a blood test in the past year will be eligible to walk in and get tested.

Eligible people will also be offered a blood pressure check as part of a clinical consultation with a pharmacist prescriber.

The NHS pilot will run until spring 2027.

How Will The Test Be Conducted?

Blood will be taken from a person’s fingertip using a lancet — a small, sharp medical tool used to prick the skin — and analyzed immediately. A pharmacist prescriber can then provide lifestyle advice and determine whether any treatment, such as statins, may be needed.

Patients will receive a copy of their results by email. They will also be offered a blood pressure check as part of a clinical consultation with a pharmacist prescriber.

How Will It Help?

The national rollout follows a successful smaller pilot in north London, which tested 2,493 patients at 61 community pharmacies between January 2025 and March 2026.

Nearly one in five patients were found to be suitable for pharmacological intervention, and 88 people started taking statins.

David Webb, the chief pharmaceutical officer for England, said pharmacies could be a vital first line of defense against serious illness.

He said: “By making it easier for people to get a quick and convenient cholesterol health check on their local high street, we can spot ticking timebombs earlier, helping people take action, and prevent heart attacks and strokes before they happen.

“This is the latest in a series of initiatives involving pharmacies in delivering care previously only offered in GP surgeries as part of the 10-year health plan to bring care closer to where people live.”

Will This Be Scaled Up?

In the first phase of the national rollout, about 100 NHS pharmacies across England will begin offering the checks from this autumn.

Dr Rani Khatib, NHS England’s national specialty adviser for cardiovascular disease prevention, said everyone should strive to be aware of the most common risk factors for heart disease, including high cholesterol and blood pressure, and “know their numbers”.

“This initiative will help people manage their risk factors earlier and reduce their risk of having heart attacks or strokes,” he said.

Alison McGovern, a health minister, said it was “exactly the type of innovation” she wanted to see across the NHS.

“We’re making it easier for people to spot potential problems earlier and take action to protect their health,” she said.

“Early detection can help prevent serious conditions such as heart attacks and strokes, helping people stay healthier for longer while reducing pressure on NHS services.”

How Does High Cholesterol Raise Heart Risks?

Too much LDL (“bad”) cholesterol in the blood can build up inside artery walls. Over time, these fatty deposits — called plaque or atheroma — can make arteries narrower and restrict blood flow, according to the NHS.

High cholesterol usually causes no symptoms, which is why testing is important. Cholesterol can be reduced through healthier eating and regular exercise and, for people at sufficient risk, medicines such as statins.

Amid declining childhood vaccination rates and an anti-vaccine push from the government, the US is reporting a significant uptick in measles cases in three more states.

The states include Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Georgia. Pennsylvania has also reported two deaths, including an Amish newborn, marking 2026’s first measles-related deaths in the country.

• Pennsylvania

Two unvaccinated individuals, including a newborn infant, died, marking the first measles-associated deaths in the state in 35 years.

• Wisconsin

• Georgia

Also read: Measles: Infant Among Two Unvaccinated Deaths Reported In US

Measles Cases Surging In The US

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2,903 confirmed cases had been reported nationwide as of August 27, threatening the US measles-elimination status held since 2000.

About 94% of cases are among unvaccinated people, and children under 5 account for 19% of cases.

This is the highest number of cases reported since the major resurgence between 1989 and 1991, when 55,000 infections and 123 deaths were recorded.

In comparison, for the full year 2025, the country reported 2,289 cases and three deaths.

While two doses of the MMR vaccine are key to preventing measles, the highly contagious virus, the first MMR dose is recommended at 12 to 15 months, followed by a second dose at 4 to 6 years.

The anti-vaccine stance promoted by the Trump-led US government and HHS Secretary RFK Jr. comes as cases are spiraling. More recently, Trump also announced a split of the MMR vaccine.

What Is the First Sign of Measles Infection?

Measles is a serious and highly contagious illness that can be particularly dangerous for babies and young children. The best way to prevent measles is to get vaccinated.

The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect yourself and others from this dangerous disease.

Measles is more than just a simple rash and can lead to severe health problems and, in some cases, death.

The first signs of measles often mimic a common cold. These initial symptoms include a high fever that can reach over 104°F, a persistent cough, a runny nose, and red, watery eyes.

These symptoms can be misleading, but their combination is a key indicator of the onset of measles.

A distinctive sign of measles is the appearance of tiny white spots, called Koplik spots, inside the mouth. These spots typically develop two to three days after the initial symptoms begin.

Their presence is an important diagnostic clue, often appearing before the characteristic measles rash.

What Does a Measles Rash Look Like?

A rash appears three to five days after the initial symptoms. It usually starts as flat red spots on the face, near the hairline, and then spreads downward to the neck, trunk, arms, legs and feet.

The spots can sometimes be slightly raised and may merge. When the rash appears, the fever may also increase significantly.

Who Is Most at Risk?

While measles can be serious for anyone, certain groups are at a higher risk of developing complications. These include:

• Children younger than 5 years old
• Adults older than 20 years old
• Pregnant women
• People with weakened immune systems due to conditions like leukemia or HIV