The current measles outbreak has gripped US states like Texas and New Mexico leaving people worried whether it would become a new pandemic. According to the Texas Department of State Health Services as of February 21, 90 cases were diagnosed in the last month in the South Plains area, with at least 77 of them were reported in children and teens under 17.

Measles is highly contagious and can be deadly. The outbreak, which started spreading in late January, has resulted in multiple hospitalizations, with at least nine confirmed cases and three probable cases as of early February. Health officials caution that at least one in five infected individuals will have to be hospitalized, highlighting the severity of the situation.

Misinformation surrounding vaccines and with the new Trump administration anti-vaccine campaigs, has causing parents to hesitate or refuse vaccination.

Furthermore, the country down under Australia is also witnessing a surge in measles cases as health officials in Sydney have issued an urgent alert, urging residents to watch for measles symptoms after an infected individual visited several places in Sydney over the last seven days.

Authorities report that the traveller had returned from South East Asia where there are ongoing outbreaks of measles.

What Are The Symptoms Measles?

Key symptoms of measles include fever, a runny nose, sore eyes, and a cough. Typically, a red, blotchy rash appears three to four days later, spreading from the head down to the body. Symptoms can manifest between 7 and 18 days after exposure.

Anyone who experiences these symptoms after potential exposure should immediately contact their doctor or emergency department. It is crucial to call ahead before visiting to avoid potentially exposing others in the waiting room. Dr. Selvey also highlighted that ongoing measles outbreaks are occurring in various parts of the world, making awareness and prompt action essential.

Why It Is Important To Get Vaccinated?

According to CDC everyone should get the MMR vaccine. It protects you from measles, mumps, and rubella. Getting vaccinated helps stop these diseases from spreading. There are two safe MMR vaccines available. They work the same way, so it doesn't matter which one you get. Kids can also get a shot that protects against chickenpox too, but this is only for children.

Who Should Get Vaccinated?

Kids Need Two Shots

All children should get two MMR shots. The first shot should be given when they are between 12 and 15 months old. The second shot should be given when they are between 4 and 6 years old. If needed, the second shot can be given earlier, but it must be at least 28 days after the first shot.

College Students Need to Be Protected

Students going to college or other schools after high school, need two shots if they are not already immune. The shots must be at least 28 days apart.

Adults Need at Least One Shot

Most adults need at least one MMR shot. Some adults need two shots, especially those who work in healthcare, travel a lot, or go to college. These people should get two shots, with 28 days between them.

Travelers Need to Be Extra Careful

Anyone traveling to other countries should make sure they are protected. Babies 6 to 11 months old should get one shot before traveling. Kids 12 months and older, teens, and adults need two shots, with 28 days between them.

Healthcare Workers Must Be Immune

People who work in healthcare should have proof that they are immune to measles, mumps, and rubella. If they are not immune, they need two MMR shots, spaced 28 days apart.

Women Thinking About Having Babies

Women who might get pregnant should talk to their doctor about the MMR vaccine. It's safe to get the shot while breastfeeding.

Fighting cancer is “brutal and unrelenting,” said White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles, who is now cancer-free after undergoing treatment for early-stage breast cancer.

In an op-ed published Sunday in USA Today, Wiles described undergoing chemotherapy while continuing to lead the White House staff for President Donald Trump.

She said some days, simply getting out of bed and going to work took all her strength. The disease, treatment, test results and uncertainty about what came next occupied her thoughts from the moment she woke up and sometimes even while she slept.

‘Even The Strongest Mind Can Be Overtaken’

“Even the strongest mind can be overtaken by it. At times, mine was,” Wiles wrote.

“Fighting for your health while remaining fully committed to your work can feel impossible,” she said, adding that determination and “perhaps some measure of mind over matter” helped her maintain that balance.

Wiles acknowledged that continuing to work during cancer treatment may not be possible or right for everyone. For her, she said, work provided “a mission larger than myself.”

“Maintaining that balance was not easy,” Wiles wrote, saying the experience gave her “profound respect and empathy” for everyone undergoing cancer treatment.

“It drains you physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually,” she added.

Also read: From 365 Shots To 52: How Could Lilly’s Newly-Approved Weekly Insulin Injection Change Diabetes Care

Wiles said cancer can shrink a person’s world to chemotherapy appointments, blood tests, scans, medications and side effects.

“There is a temptation to measure each day by how sick you feel,” she wrote. She said she worked hard not to let breast cancer become the center of everything.

“I directed as much of my energy as I could toward doing my job,” Wiles wrote. “People depended on me to be strong and clear-eyed, and I was determined not to let them down.”

Her Team Helped Carry The Burden

Wiles said cancer affected her stamina, mobility and focus, making the support of her colleagues crucial.

“People stepped forward without hesitation, filled every gap, carried additional weight and never allowed me to feel that I was carrying this burden alone. I will never be able to repay them,” she wrote.

She also credited her family and two daughters, who “traveled every step of this road with me.”

After surgery, pathology showed no residual cancer. Wiles announced on September 16 that she was cancer-free after receiving clear pathology results at the Mayo Clinic. She had disclosed her early-stage breast cancer diagnosis in March.

She said chemotherapy tested her in ways she could never have anticipated. Her next stage, she added, will involve rebuilding what treatment took from her.

“Cancer does not have to take away who you are,” she wrote.

Wiles Thanks Trump And Her Family

Wiles thanked Trump “for the kindness and compassion” he showed while she was undergoing treatment.

Trump had publicly praised Wiles during her cancer battle, saying in a prerecorded message in May that she was winning her fight.

Wiles also credited her family, friends, colleagues and doctors for helping her through the ordeal.

In a post on X, she said she rarely writes about herself but wanted to share what it was like to fight cancer while continuing to do a job she loves.

“Cancer tried to make my world smaller. I was determined not to let it,” she wrote. She said she hoped her account could offer strength to someone still fighting the disease.

For years, people with type 2 diabetes who needed insulin had to administer an injection daily. Eli Lilly’s newly approved insulin is set to bring a dramatic reduction in that burden from roughly 365 injections a year to just 52.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Onswik (insulin efsitora alfa-gobe), a once-weekly basal insulin for adults with type 2 diabetes. It is designed to provide a steady level of insulin over seven days and is used alongside diet and exercise to control blood sugar. Find out how different weekly insulin is from the daily shots that patients are used to?

Lilly's Once-Weekly Insulin Gets FDA Approval

Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose move from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy. It also helps reduce the amount of glucose produced by the liver. People with type 2 diabetes may eventually need insulin when their bodies do not produce enough of it or cannot use it effectively.

Basal insulin is long-acting insulin designed to work in the background throughout the day and night, helping keep blood sugar levels under control between meals and overnight.

Until now, commonly used basal insulins like insulin glargine and insulin degludec have generally required daily injections.

Onswik is a long-acting insulin analogue designed to remain active for an entire week. Instead of injecting a smaller amount every day, patients receive one subcutaneous injection on the same day each week. That could reduce the number of basal insulin injections by more than 300 a year compared with daily treatment.

For someone who finds daily injections difficult to maintain, that development could be gamechanging.

Also read: CagriSema Beats Lilly’s Mounjaro & Zepbound In New Trial: All About Novo’s Next-Gen Obesity Drug

Comparison Between Weekly Insulin & Daily Insulin

Lilly's late-stage QWINT programme included more than 3,400 adults with type 2 diabetes across four Phase 3 studies. Onswik met its primary goal in each study, reducing HbA1c, a measure of average blood sugar over time, by an amount that was not inferior to daily basal insulin.

The studies included people who had never previously used insulin as well as people already receiving insulin treatment.

So the significance of the approval is not that weekly insulin necessarily works better than daily insulin. Rather, it offers comparable blood-sugar control with far fewer injections.

Taking insulin every day can become another task in an already demanding diabetes care routine. Missed or delayed doses can make blood sugar management more difficult. A weekly option could simplify treatment for some patients and potentially make it easier to stay consistent. But convenience does not mean the treatment becomes risk-free.

Also read: Hundreds Of American GLP-1 Users Sue Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly Over Vision Loss: What Is NAION?

What Are The Risks & Who Can Take It?

The most important risk remains hypoglycaemia, or dangerously low blood sugar, which is a known risk with insulin.

Severe hypoglycaemia can cause confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness and, in serious cases, death.

Other reported adverse effects of Onswik include allergic reactions, injection-site reactions, changes in fat tissue at injection sites, itching, rash, swelling and weight gain.

The FDA also warns about medication errors and accidental overdose, low potassium levels and fluid retention or heart failure when the medicine is used with certain other drugs.

The FDA approval is specifically for adults with type 2 diabetes. Onswik is not recommended for people with type 1 diabetes due to the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. It is also not a replacement for other aspects of diabetes management.

A new study has identified 485 chemicals used in pesticide products in the US that are linked to breast cancer, raising new concerns about how these chemicals are assessed for safety against serious diseases.

The peer-reviewed research, published in Environmental Health Perspectives, dug beyond the active ingredients in pesticides and examined the inactive ingredients that are often not subjected to the same level of safety scrutiny.

The study identifies chemicals associated with breast cancer risk. It does not establish that exposure to these pesticides causes breast cancer in people.

What Did The Researchers Find?

Of the 485 chemicals identified in pesticide formulations, only 145 were registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as active ingredients. The remaining chemicals were classified as inactive or 'inert' ingredients. These ingredients can serve different purposes, like helping pesticide ingredients spread, penetrate surfaces or become more absorbed.

The researchers argue that focusing primarily on active ingredients may overlook risks from the complete pesticide formulation.

“Our findings highlight a regulatory blind spot around so-called inert ingredients,” lead author Dr Jennifer Kay of the Silent Spring Institute said in a research release.

Also read: FDA Approves New Drug For Rare Disorder That Turns Muscles Into Bone: What Is Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva?

What Does “Inert” Mean?

An inert ingredient is generally considered 'inactive' as it does not target the pest the product is designed to kill. It does not mean that it has no biological effect on humans. According to the study's researchers, people are exposed to the entire pesticide formulation, not just the active ingredient in the pesticide.

The researchers identified around 4,000 inert ingredients approved for use by the EPA, including some PFAS, commonly known as 'forever chemicals.'

Pesticide Exposure

Pesticide exposure is not limited to agricultural workers or people living near farms. The chemicals identified in the study can also occur in products used around homes, including lawn treatments, flea and tick products and lice treatments. Pesticides can also enter the environment through food and drinking water.

The researchers found that 84 of the identified chemicals were detectable in the general US population based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, although they said this likely underestimates exposure because many of the compounds are not routinely tracked.

Also read: Mpox Case Detected In Congo’s Ituri Amid Ebola Outbreak: Why Are Health Officials Concerned?

Pesticides & Breast Cancer Link

The researchers classified chemicals based on existing evidence linking them to breast cancer. That is different from demonstrating that pesticide exposure directly causes breast cancer in humans.

Breast cancer is a complex disease that involves multiple genetic, hormonal, environmental and lifestyle factors.

The study does, however, raise a question about whether the combined exposure to multiple chemicals is adequately considered during pesticide safety assessments.

The researchers noted that the EPA generally evaluates individual pesticide ingredients rather than the entire formulation or people's exposure to multiple pesticides.

The research comes as breast cancer rates, including among younger women, continue to rise in the US. According to the American Cancer Society data cited by The Guardian, breast cancer incidence has been increasing by about 1% a year, with a slightly faster increase among women under 50.