“I'm not great at the advice. Can I interest you in a sarcastic comment?”

This is what ‘Friends’ actor Matthew Perry’s character Chandler Bing was known for. He was known for being funny. However, he had his own struggles in his personal life and those struggles were acute depression. He was treating it with ketamine infusion therapy which is legal in the US and the UK.

What is Ketamine infusion therapy?

Ketamine is an anaesthetic used to treat depression, anxiety and pain under supervised and controlled medical settings. However, it does have its side effects, which can lead to distortion of sight, sound and time. It can also produce calming and relaxing effects.

Ketamine increases a person’s heart rate and blood pressure. If overdosed, it can leave users confused and agitated and can cause them to hurt themselves without even realising it. It can also lead to liver damage and bladder problems.

However, when used in moderation and under the supervision of medical doctors, it can treat depression where traditional antidepressants have failed.

Prof Rupert McShane, a University of Oxford psychiatrist who runs an NHS ketamine treatment clinic told BBC that ketamine “probably turns off the area of the brain that is involved in disappointment.”

Can Ketamine Infusion Therapy Kill Someone?

In simple terms, it cannot, be if the dosage is given in a controlled setting and as prescribed. Ketamine infusion therapy uses drugs in small doses than those used for anaesthesia. It acts faster than traditional anti-depressants, but the effects also wear off way quickly. Which is why it is important to monitor patients’ mental state for relapsing back into depression and discouraging them from overdosing on it.

There are ways of giving people ketamine. One of the ways is through “infusing”, which means to use an IV drip. However, injections, nasal sprays and capsules are also methods used to give people ketamine.

Since the dosage of ketamine used in the infusion treatment is small, it being the reason of actor Perry’s death was ruled out. The medical examiner also noted that Perry’s last ketamine infusion therapy session happened more than a week before his death, which means by the time he had died, it must have worn off.

So, What Happened To Perry?

Though Perry’s last session was more than a week before, his post-mortem showed that his blood contained a high concentration of ketamine. He had died of the “acute effects” of ketamine.

If it was not his session, then how did he get ketamine?

Prosecutors alleged that his assistant gave him at least 27 shots of ketamine in four days before his death, reported BBC.

Perry has been open about his personal struggles and this is what the doctors and dealers used against him. Martin Estrada, the US attorney for California’s Central District told the BBC that people took advantage of his condition. They charged him 165 times more than what vials of ketamine cost.

Names that have come up include Dr Salvador Plasencia, drug dealers “Ketamine Queen” aka Jasveen Sangha and Eric Fleming, and Perry’s live-in assistant Kenneth Iwamasa.

Who Are These Names And What Did They Do?

Ketamine Queen or Sangha supplied drugs that led to Perry’s death. Her home was a “drug-selling emporium,” said Estrada. More than 80 vials of ketamine, and thousands of pills including methamphetamine, cocaine and Xanax were allegedly found in her house known as the “Sangha Stash House.”

Sangha is known to deal with high-end celebs and was a “major source of supply for ketamine to others as well as Perry,” said Estrada.

Dr Plasencia called Perry a “moron” while charging him $2,000 for vials that cost only $12. He sold Perry 20 vials of ketamine between September and October 2023, costing $55,000.

He was the one who taught Iwamasa, who had no medical knowledge to inject the drug. This is after he knew that “Perry’s ketamine addiction was spiralling out of control,” as per what the investigators told the BBC.

Another dealer Fleming was told by Sangha to “delete all our messages.” While Fleming pleaded guilty to conspiring to distribute drugs unlawfully, he also allegedly messaged Sangha: “Please call...Got more info and want to bounce ideas off you. I’m 90% sure everyone is protected. I never dealt with [Perry] only his assistant. So the assistant was the enabler.”

The court documents also revealed that he asked Sangha on whether the ketamine stays in your system or “is it immediately flushed out.”

Dr Pepper, Bots, Cans

The people who allegedly exploited Perry used coded language for ketamine and called it “Dr Pepper”, “bots”, or “cans.”

Selling overpriced drugs, taking advantage of Perry’s mental condition and falsifying medical records to make the drugs given to him look legitimate by Dr Plasencia is what took Perry’s life.

Iwamasa is said to have administered more than 20 shots of ketamine and three on the day Perry died. Whereas ketamine is only administered by a physician. Authorities also found that weeks before Perry’s death, Dr Plasencia allegedly bought 10 vials of ketamine and intended to sell to Perry.

He also injected Perry with a large dose, two days later. This caused him to “freeze up” and spiked his blood pressure.

When I Die, I Want Helping Others To Be The First Thing That’s Mentioned

Perry had always been open about his drug addictions, struggles with alcohol and his depression. He said that his openness would help others who are also struggling and wanted to be remembered by his quote which also is on the homepage of the Mattew Perry Foundation that helps others struggling with the disease of addiction: “When I die, I want helping others to be the first thing that’s mentioned.”

Five arrests have been made in the case so far.

Hep B Vaccine: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's vaccine advisory panel voted Friday to change the recommendation for when children should get their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Instead of a first dose within 24 hours of birth — as the CDC has advised for more than 30 years, which is the panel voted to recommend delaying it until a child is 2 months old for children born to mothers who test negative for the virus.

The advisory committee has now endorsed a plan that allows families of infants born to hepatitis B negative mothers to decide, with their doctor, when the birth dose should be given. The vote was 8 to 2 in favour of shifting to case-by-case discussions rather than a universal early dose.

Hep B Vaccine: CDC Panel Recommends Delaying Birth Dose Of Hepatitis B Vaccine

A number of medical bodies, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, opposed the proposal. They cautioned that delaying this first shot exposes infants to unnecessary danger and pointed to extensive evidence confirming the vaccine’s long record of safety and effectiveness.

The vote came during the second day of the committee’s December session, after confusion on Thursday forced the group to postpone making a decision.

All members of the panel were appointed by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. The meeting opened with the reading of the draft language, followed by extended debate among committee members and invited specialists. Restef Levi, a panel member with a mathematics background and no clinical training, spoke forcefully against the long-standing policy and made incorrect claims about how the vaccine had been evaluated.

Senior paediatric experts, including Dr Cody Meissner, a former member of both the FDA vaccines panel and ACIP, and committee member Dr Joseph Hibbeln, continued to raise objections throughout the discussion. Hibbeln pointed out that this was the fourth iteration of the wording presented to them in a span of roughly four days and said that no solid scientific evidence had been offered to justify changing the recommendation. Meissner argued that the current guidance already permits parental choice and said revising the language would do more harm than good.

Hep B Vaccine: What Is It About?

Hepatitis B is an incurable viral infection that can lead to chronic liver disease, cancer and early death. The United States has recommended the newborn hepatitis B dose since 1991. Since then, infections in infants and children have dropped by 99 per cent.

ACIP’s recommendations now move to the CDC director for a final decision. States ultimately determine their own vaccination rules, though most follow federal guidance. Insurance coverage may also shift if the recommendation changes, because private insurers rely heavily on ACIP decisions to determine what must be covered.

The newborn dose has become a focal point for vaccine critics, including Kennedy, who wrongly suggested earlier this year that the shot might be linked to autism. Studies have repeatedly shown the birth dose is safe. Research has found no higher risk of infant death, fever, sepsis, multiple sclerosis or autoimmune conditions. Severe adverse reactions remain rare, and there is no evidence that delaying the dose offers any safety advantage.

Hepatitis B: A Contentious 2-day Meeting

Following Friday’s vote, the committee was scheduled to move on to childhood vaccine schedules and vaccine ingredients. No additional votes were on the agenda.

The meeting opened Thursday morning, with the hepatitis B vote originally planned for that afternoon. Members reviewed data on acute and chronic hepatitis B rates, transmission patterns and vaccine safety.

Meissner criticised several of the presentations, including one that suggested limited safety information for the newborn dose.

Dr Jason Goldman, who represents the American College of Physicians on the committee, called the session “completely inappropriate” and said the group was wasting public resources by failing to hold a rigorous scientific debate. He also reminded the panel that the newborn dose has never been compulsory and that parents already make decisions in consultation with their child’s doctor.

The vote was postponed after members said they had been shown multiple shifting versions of the voting questions and could not see the final text due to a technical glitch. Without printed copies available, some members said they were unclear on how many questions they were expected to vote on. Hibbeln remarked that the committee was being asked to consider “a moving target.”

Similar disorder occurred at ACIP’s September meeting, when members appeared confused about what they were voting on. They initially rejected funding for a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine for toddlers, then reversed themselves minutes later, and then changed direction again the following day.

Hep B Vaccine: Why Are Newborns Vaccinated For Hepatitis B?

Infants who contract hepatitis B at birth or during their first year face a ninety per cent likelihood of developing chronic infection, which can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. About a quarter of those who develop long-term infection die early from related complications.

Because the virus spreads through blood and body fluids and can survive on surfaces, many schools and childcare centres require children to be vaccinated.

The American Academy of Pediatrics stresses the importance of administering the birth dose as early as possible. Dr Sean O’Leary, chair of the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases and an assistant professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, told CBS News before the meeting that the vaccine has one of the strongest safety records in paediatrics. He said it remains one of the most dependable tools for preventing severe liver disease and cancer in adulthood.

A routine cold or flu often brings the usual set of problems, such as a cough, a sore throat, or a blocked nose. Yet an NHS doctor has urged people to pay close attention to one particular symptom, as it can sometimes point to a more serious illness. Speaking on BBC Morning Live, , Dr Aziza spoke with hosts Rav Wilding and Louise Minchin about a sign many people overlook, especially during winter virus season. Anyone at home who notices the same change has been advised to seek medical help promptly.

This Common Cold Symptom Could Be Cancer

Cold and flu infections frequently cause swollen glands, along with the typical symptoms of fever, congestion, and throat discomfort. This swelling is usually harmless and occurs when the body gears up to clear out germs. During the programme, Dr Aziza explained that when people refer to “swollen glands,” they are often talking about lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped filters that trap viruses and bacteria. These nodes sit in groups around the neck, under the arms, and in the groin.

The doctor noted that swelling is a natural sign that the immune system is responding to a problem. It happens with common colds, flu, ear infections, and sore throats. Sometimes people may actually be feeling swollen salivary glands rather than lymph nodes, as these glands can become blocked as well.

Other Conditions That May Trigger Swelling

Although viral infections are the usual cause, swollen glands can also result from bacterial infections such as cellulitis, reactions to insect bites, changes in hormones, or occasionally after certain vaccinations. Most cases settle on their own within a week or two. Dr Aziza recommended rest, plenty of fluids, and standard pain relief to help ease discomfort. She advised against massaging the swollen areas because it can make the pain worse.

When Swollen Glands Need Medical Attention

While swelling is typically short-lived, there are times when it should not be ignored. Dr Aziza urged viewers to book a GP appointment if the glands remain enlarged for more than two weeks, feel firm or fixed in place, or seem to be getting larger. Additional warning signs include constant night sweats, a continuing fever, difficulty swallowing or breathing, and swelling that appears above or below the collarbone. These features may point to more serious conditions such as lymphoma or other cancers.

She explained that doctors may arrange blood tests, an ultrasound scan, or antibiotics if a bacterial infection is suspected. However, any breathing or swallowing problems require urgent medical assessment, and in some cases, A&E.

Why Early Detection Matters

Dr Aziza highlighted that catching serious conditions early gives people a better chance of successful treatment and, in many cases, less invasive care. She encouraged everyone to become familiar with how their lymph nodes normally feel by carrying out simple monthly checks. This can be done by looking in the mirror and gently examining the neck, jawline, ears, armpits, and groin for changes in size, tenderness, or redness.

Being aware of small differences can help people seek help sooner if something feels unusual. More detailed advice on swollen glands and when to see a doctor is available on the NHS website.

Malaria infected an estimated 282 million people and caused about 6,10,000 deaths worldwide in 2024, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) latest World Malaria Report. The report placed strong emphasis on drug resistance, warning that it remains one of the biggest threats to global elimination goals. WHO-recommended vaccines helped prevent roughly 170 million cases and one million deaths last year, which is about nine million more than the year before. Around 95 per cent of malaria deaths occurred in the African Region, with children under five forming the largest share.

Within the WHO South-East Asia Region, India represented 73.3 per cent of all malaria cases and 88.7 per cent of all malaria-related deaths. The report also underscored that the world is nowhere close to meeting the targets set under the Global Technical Strategy for malaria 2016–2030. Drug resistance has now been confirmed or suspected in at least eight African nations, and early signals point to falling effectiveness of partner drugs used with artemisinin. Other emerging challenges include rising cases of malaria parasites with pfhrp2 gene deletions, which weaken the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests, and widespread pyrethroid resistance across 48 countries, diminishing the protective value of insecticide-treated nets.

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Malaria Deaths Increase Amid Growing Drug Resistance

The WHO warned of a global rise in malaria cases and deaths over the past year, driven by shrinking budgets and increasing drug resistance. An estimated 282 million cases and 610,000 malaria deaths were recorded in 2024, marking an increase of about nine million cases and 12,000 deaths compared to the previous year. Eleven countries in Africa accounted for nearly two-thirds of the global burden. The WHO said that efforts to reduce deaths remain “far off track.” Gareth Jenkins, managing director of the nonprofit Malaria No More UK, noted that the rise is alarming as current numbers do not yet reflect the impact of ongoing funding cuts.

What Are Anopheles Stephensi Mosquitoes?

Anopheles stephensi is a malaria-transmitting mosquito originally found in South Asia. Unlike many other malaria vectors, it thrives in cities and breeds in man-made water sources such as storage tanks, containers, and discarded tyres. It can carry both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites.

In recent years, this mosquito has spread into several African countries, where it adapts easily and shows resistance to multiple insecticides. This expansion has increased the threat of urban malaria outbreaks, as highlighted by the World Health Organization.

At present, Anopheles stephensi has been detected in nine African countries and is proving difficult to control due to widespread insecticide resistance.

Malaria Vaccines

The report noted that WHO approved the world’s first malaria vaccines in 2021, and 24 countries have now added them to their regular immunisation schedules. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, said that new preventive tools provide reason for optimism, but many obstacles remain. He pointed out the rise in cases and deaths, the pressure from drug resistance, and the impact of reduced funding. These factors could undermine the progress achieved over the last twenty years.

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The report also identified other risks, including extreme weather events that alter temperature and rainfall patterns, fuelling outbreaks; and conflict and unrest preventing communities from accessing treatment. Global funding for malaria control has largely remained stagnant over the past decade, limiting how far life-saving tools can reach.

Still, Dr Tedros stressed that the obstacles are manageable. With committed leadership in high-burden countries and well-directed investment, a malaria-free world remains an achievable goal.

How Is Malaria Becoming Drug Resistant?

Drug-resistant malaria develops when malaria parasites adapt and no longer respond well to antimalarial medicines, making treatment less effective. Factors such as improper use of medicines, incomplete treatment courses, and the parasite’s ability to mutate contribute to this resistance. Once it emerges, it can spread quickly. Addressing the problem requires strong surveillance systems, responsible drug use, and continued reliance on artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).

Despite the setbacks, there have been encouraging developments. So far, 47 countries and one territory have received malaria-free certification from WHO. Cabo Verde and Egypt were declared malaria-free in 2024, followed by Georgia, Suriname, and Timor-Leste in 2025.