After mpox outbreak, Africa is under the threat of yet another virus outbreak, this is the Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda. So far, six people have died from the outbreak, confirmed the health minister. Most victims were the healthcare workers in the hospital's intensive care unit. As per reports, 20 cases have been identified since the outbreak was confirmed on Friday.

What Is Marbug Virus?

With the fatality rate of 8% it is the same virus family as Ebola. The main carrier is from fruit bats which spreads to humans then through the contact of bodily fluids of infected individuals, it spreads to others.

Common Signs And Symptoms

The common signs and symptoms of the Marburg virus include fever, pain, diarrhoea, vomiting and in the case of extreme blood loss, death too can happen.

So far, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for the virus. However, treatments like drugs and immune therapy are being developed as per the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Call Of Action

Rwanda says that it has intensified its contact tracing, surveillance and testing to contain the spread. It has also tracked about 300 people who had come into contact with individuals affected by the Marburg virus.

The health minister has urged people to stay vigilant and avoid any physical contact and to wash their hands with clean water, soap or sanitiser and report any suspected case.

As of now, most of the cases have spread to the capital in Kigali. In light of this, the US Embassy in the city has advised its employees to work remotely for the next week.

This is the first time Rwanda has confirmed for Marburg cases, before this, in 2023, Tanzania confirmed the outbreak, whereas three people had died of this in Uganda in 2017.

History Of Marburg

As per WHO, this virus kills half of the people it infects. In the previous outbreaks, it has killed between 24% to 88% of the patients.

The virus was first detected in 1976 after 31 people were infected, out of which 7 died in simultaneous outbreak in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and Belgrade in Serbia.

The source was traced to African green monkeys who were imported from Uganda. However, other animals too are linked to the virus spread, including bats.

In the past, the virus outbreaks have happened in countries like Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. In 2005, this virus killed 300 people in Angola.

However, for the rest of the world, only two people have died from the virus in the rest of the world, with one of them being in Europe, and the other in the US. These both have been on expeditions to caves in Uganda.

Caring for a cancer patient entails much more than offering emotional support. Family members and loved ones are often tasked with managing medical appointments, monitoring medications, making decisions, handling household responsibilities and navigating financial and legal concerns.

Recognising the challenges faced by these caregivers, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has issued its first-ever guidelines for people caring for someone with cancer, which is titled NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Caregiving for People with Cancer.

"When a loved one is diagnosed with cancer, naturally, most people want to show up for them however they can. But pretty quickly, many realize it's not just about cancer. They're also juggling everything else in their lives," said Anthea A. Gray, PsyD, of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, who participated in developing the guide.

"In moments when things feel scary or uncertain—or when everything starts to feel too much—having trusted, easy-to-find information matters a lot," she added. "That is why resources like the NCCN Guidelines for Patients are so helpful. They offer reputable information together in one place, so caregivers can better understand what to expect, make more informed decisions, and support their loved ones with more confidence."

What Do The New NCCN Cancer Caregiver Guidelines Include?

The guidelines cover five major areas of caregiving:

Emotional support

Cancer can affect the emotional well-being of both patients and their caregivers. The guide offers information on supporting a loved one through difficult emotions, uncertainty and the challenges that come with diagnosis and treatment.

Medical management

Caregivers may be expected to help with treatment decisions, manage medications, coordinate medical appointments and perform certain nursing-related tasks at home.

The guide explains what caregivers may need to know, provides information about cancer and its treatment, and suggests questions they can ask healthcare professionals.

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Household responsibilities

Managing everyday activities can become difficult when a loved one is undergoing cancer treatment. The guidelines provide practical advice on handling household tasks and organising responsibilities alongside caregiving.

Financial concerns

Cancer treatment can bring additional expenses and financial pressures. The guide addresses financial considerations that caregivers and families may encounter while supporting someone through treatment.

Legal concerns

Caregivers may also need to navigate legal matters while helping a loved one manage their illness. The guidelines include information on legal concerns that may arise during the caregiving process.

The resource also explains common medical terms and concepts to help caregivers better understand a cancer diagnosis and treatment journey.

Cancer Caregivers Need Care Too

The need for caregiver support is growing as more people take on responsibilities for loved ones living with cancer and other chronic illnesses.

According to the 2025 report Caregiving in the US, published by AARP and the National Alliance for Caregiving, approximately 63 million Americans, or nearly one in four adults, provided ongoing care to someone in the previous year.

The NCCN guide also highlights the responsibilities caregivers often manage. At least 70% are balancing employment and other responsibilities, while 60% live separately from the person they care for.

Gray explained that more people are living longer with cancer, sometimes alongside other medical conditions. At the same time, younger people are being diagnosed with cancers, meaning some caregivers are also raising children and working full-time.

"Also, there's a rising number of younger people starting to get cancers that they might not have gotten in the past, and many of these younger people have families, and those caregivers are not only caregivers but maybe parents to young children. Maybe they're working full time," she said.

"So, the landscape of caregiving is changing, and the demands that caregivers once had are increasing."

She also pointed to the financial pressure families face as the cost of everyday expenses rises.

"The increased financial strain that puts on caregivers and families certainly doesn't help the burden that comes along, or can come along, with caregiving," Gray said.

Also read: India Cancer Drug Price Cuts: New Analysis Reveals 159 Out Of 643 Brands See No Reduction

Caregiver Self-Care Guidelines

One of the important points in the new guidelines is their focus on the caregiver's own health.

Caregivers can experience physical exhaustion, emotional distress and financial strain while trying to meet the needs of someone undergoing cancer treatment. Their responsibilities may also leave them with limited time to attend to their own health.

The guide includes a recurring feature called "Caregiver's Corner", which offers self-care information and practical suggestions throughout the book. A separate chapter is dedicated entirely to the caregiver's well-being.

Patrick Delaney, executive director of the NCCN Foundation, said the resource recognises that caregivers also need reliable information to navigate their own journey.

Vitiligo, an autoimmune condition that causes patches of skin to lose pigment, can be difficult to treat. Repigmentation often takes months, and results vary.

Now, two Phase 3 clinical trials, led by an international team of scientists from France, the US and Canada, found that an experimental oral drug, povorcitinib, improved skin pigmentation in adults with moderate-to-severe nonsegmental vitiligo.

What Did The Study Find?

Published in Nature Medicine, the trials STOP-V1 and STOP-V2 involved 916 adults and evaluated once-daily povorcitinib, which blocks JAK1, a protein involved in immune signalling. Key findings include:

• Facial repigmentation: After 52 weeks, 18.9% of patients receiving povorcitinib in both trials achieved at least 75% improvement, compared with 6.8% and 3.1% in the placebo groups.
• Whole-body repigmentation: At least 50% improvement was reported in 18.4% and 12.9% of treated patients, compared with 6.5% and 4.8% in the placebo groups. Only 2.6% and 2.3% achieved at least 75% improvement.
• Disease stabilisation: Exploratory analyses found that 94.3% and 87.6% of treated patients had no increase in disease severity at week 52, compared with 71.8% and 69.2% in the placebo groups.

Are Their Any Safety Concerns?

Overall adverse event rates were broadly similar between the treatment and placebo groups. However, four patients receiving povorcitinib developed basal cell carcinoma, with one case considered treatment-related. One patient experienced blood-clotting complications, including pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, also considered treatment-related.

Although the findings are encouraging, most patients did not achieve at least 75% facial improvement, and substantial whole-body repigmentation remained uncommon. Longer-term safety data are also needed. Povorcitinib remains investigational and is not yet an established vitiligo treatment.

What Is Vitiligo?

Vitiligo occurs when the immune system attacks melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment. Although it is not life-threatening, it can significantly affect emotional and psychological well-being.

Speaking to HealthandMe, Dr Hetanshu Parekh, Consultant Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgeon, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, said vitiligo is more complex than a skin condition alone.

He explained that stress, sleep, diet and skin trauma may influence the disease.

Stress: Stress can disrupt immune balance and increase inflammation, potentially worsening vitiligo. New or expanding patches may appear following major life events, including illness, work pressure or bereavement.

Sleep: Chronic sleep deprivation and irregular sleep schedules may affect immune regulation and potentially worsen autoimmune conditions.

Diet: There is no specific vitiligo diet or food that can cure the condition. Deficiencies in vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate and copper may affect immune and skin health. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption should be avoided.

Skin Protection: Friction, cuts, burns and other skin injuries may trigger new patches through a phenomenon known as the Koebner phenomenon. Regular sunscreen use, protective clothing and avoiding repeated skin trauma can help protect the skin.

Is Vitiligo Treatable?

Treatment depends on the extent and stability of the condition.

• Topical medications: Corticosteroid creams and tacrolimus ointment for limited patches.
• Phototherapy: Narrowband UVB and excimer laser to encourage repigmentation.
• Oral medications: Corticosteroids and selected JAK inhibitors for extensive or rapidly spreading disease.
• Surgery: Skin grafting and melanocyte transplantation for selected patients with stable vitiligo.
• Camouflage: Medical tattooing and cosmetic products to conceal patches.

Healthcare has emerged as a major concern in US midterm elections. Voters have been actively weighing surging medical costs, quality and access to reproductive healthcare, Medicaid funding and vaccination policies.

While the elections will determine control of Congress and several state legislatures, their outcome could also influence how Americans navigate healthcare, what treatments insurance plans cover and how public health programmes are funded.

Healthcare costs are particularly pressing for majority of Americans. An October KFF poll found that 25% of voters were very worried about affording healthcare, while another 35% were somewhat worried.

According to ABC News, rising insurance premiums, prescription drug costs and the growing use of expensive weight-loss GLP-1 medications are adding to these concerns.

Here are all the major healthcare issues at stake.

Rising Healthcare Costs And Insurance Premiums

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Affordability is one of the biggest healthcare concerns for voters. The enhanced Affordable Care Act (ACA) premium tax credits expired at the end of 2025, increasing what many people pay for health insurance.

According to KFF, the average monthly benchmark premium for ACA coverage rose from $497 in 2025 to $625 in 2026. The benchmark silver premiums are projected to increase by an average of 13% in 2027.

The rising cost of insurance sponsored by employers, deductibles and prescription medicines has contributed to the burden. Experts are examining the contribution of healthcare AI tools, tariffs on medical supplies and increased spending on GLP-1 medications.

The debate centres on how to make healthcare more affordable. Democrats have been emphasising the restoration of ACA subsidies and Republicans highlighting alternative insurance policies and drug-pricing initiatives.

Medicaid Funding And Work Requirements

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Medicaid, the government health insurance programme for Americans with low income, is another major election issue.

Changes introduced under the 2025 budget reconciliation law will bring new eligibility and work requirements. Starting January 1, 2027, most states will be required to implement work requirements for certain adults enrolled through Medicaid expansion.

Supporters argue that the requirements will encourage employment and protect public resources. Critics warn that administrative red tape, reporting requirements and difficulties documenting eligibility could cause people who qualify to lose coverage.

According to KFF, Congressional Budget Office projections cited in its analysis estimate that the Medicaid provisions could leave 7.5 million more people uninsured by 2034.

Abortion Rights And Reproductive Healthcare

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Abortion remains a major issue in several state-level elections, particularly after the overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022, which put an end to the constitutional protection for abortion access.

According to the Guttmacher Institute, voters in four states will consider ballot measures related to abortion.

Idaho, Nevada and Virginia have measures seeking to protect reproductive freedom, while Missouri voters will decide whether to repeal established abortion protections.

Virginia’s measure includes protections related to contraception, fertility care, pregnancy and childbirth, while Nevada’s proposal seeks constitutional protection for abortion access. Idaho’s initiative would challenge the state’s abortion ban.

Missouri’s Amendment 3, meanwhile, seeks to reverse the reproductive freedom protections approved by voters in 2024.

The results could shape access to abortion and other reproductive healthcare services.

Measles Outbreaks And Vaccination Policies

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Vaccination and public health debates have also become politically inflammatory, especially amid the resurgence of measles in the United States.

The CDC reported 4,852 confirmed measles cases across 47 jurisdictions as of October 29, 2026. This compares with 2,289 cases reported during the whole of 2025. Nearly 96% of this year’s confirmed cases were linked with outbreaks.

Declining childhood vaccination coverage has contributed to the concerns. CDC data shows that MMR vaccination coverage among kindergarten children fell from 95.2% in the 2019–2020 school year to 92.4% in 2025–2026, below the 95% level that is generally needed to maintain community protection.

Federal vaccine policy has also become a subject of debate as changes to childhood vaccine recommendations and emphasis on individual decision making has drawn scrutiny from public health experts.

Prescription Drug Prices And Access To Medicines

The cost of prescription medicines is another issue. Democrats have emphasised Medicare’s ability to negotiate prices for selected prescription drugs under the Inflation Reduction Act.

Republicans have highlighted the administration’s most-favoured-nation drug-pricing agreements, which seek to link US medicine prices to those paid in other developed countries.

The growing use of GLP-1 medications has also intensified the debate over prescription spending and insurance coverage.

A recent report stated that spending on GLP-1 medicines increased from $13.7 billion in 2018 to $71.7 billion in 2023. These medicines accounted for approximately 14% of US prescription drug spending in 2025, according to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

The primary question for voters is whether proposed pricing measures will translate into lower costs and better access to essential medicines.

With all 435 seats in the House of Representatives and 33 Senate seats up for election, the midterm elections will determine the composition of the next Congress. Although healthcare is not the only issue for voters, rising medical costs, insurance affordability, reproductive rights and public health policies have become an important part of the debate.