Japan could become one of the first countries in the world to end the HIV epidemic, says the president of Gilead Sciences Japan, Kennet Brysting. The idea for now could seem a little too ambitious, but it is not entirely unrealistic, given that the availability of medicines that can prevent transmission of HIV. Drugs are not the cure, but control over the spread of virus to the point where the disease is no longer a major public health threat.

What Is The Role Of Preventative HIV Medicines?

Gilead's have two key drugs, Truvada and lenacapavir. These two are playing a crucial role in prevention. Truvada is taken as a daily pill, while lenacapavir requires two injections per year. It can make the virus undetectable in infected individuals and prevent transmission to those who are not infected yet. In trials, lenacapavir showed 100% efficacy in preventing HIV infections. This is why it is describe as "almost a vaccine".

In 2024, Japan also approved Truvada for HIV prevention, but the country has yet to approve lenacapavir for the same. Until now, people in Japan had been importing generic versions of Truvada or purchasing it from clinics that source it from overseas.

HIV In Japan

Up until now, Japan reported around 25,000 HIV infections, whereas 669 new cases were reported in 2023. For seven consecutive years, the number of new infections remained under 1,000. The downward trend thus shows that the virus has been controlled, however, getting to zero new infections remains the ultimate goal.

Brysting too acknowledged that simply having effective drug is not enough. What is important is to have a proper implementation, access and healthcare support to make sure that these treatments are widely available and effective.

What Are The Challenges In Implementation?

The biggest challenges is testing rates. There is a need to increase testing rates. At this very moment, around 86% people infective with Japan have been tested, but the goal is to increase it up to 95%, with an ideal goal of 100%. Without widespread testing, many infected people may not even know that they are infected and it could transmit the virus.

Another measure issue is the cost of preventative medication. While Japan's health insurance covers treatments for diseases, it does not cover preventative drugs. Those who purchase Truvada for prevention, pay around $470 per month. Some clinics in Tokyo offer generic alternatives too, which is cheaper, but they are not ideal.

Better Healthcare Support

Brysting expressed concern that individuals importing medications might not be consulting doctors regularly, which is essential for monitoring HIV status and overall health. Truvada users need to be tested for HIV initially and every three months, along with screenings for other infections and kidney function checks. Without proper medical supervision, there is a risk of misuse and inadequate protection.

Gilead is in discussions with Japanese authorities to improve access and insurance coverage for Truvada, and progress is being made. Japan has shown efficiency in approving critical medicines, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when Gilead’s remdesivir was approved in just three days.

What Is The Way Ahead?

Gilead at this moment is not only focused on HIV and hepatitis C, but also expanding into oncology with innovative treatments like CAR-T cell therapy, which strengthens a patient's immune system to fight cancer.

However, Japan’s strict approval processes can slow down drug availability. Phase 3 clinical trials often need to be conducted within the country, and Japan tends to approve medicines much later than other regions. For instance, Truvada was approved for prevention in Japan 12 years after the U.S. and nearly 20 years after its approval for treatment. inancial factors also play a role. The Japanese government adjusts drug prices annually, often reducing them, which can make long-term investment challenging for pharmaceutical companies.

Scientists and clinicians are cautioning the public not to mix two widely used over-the-counter medicines, warning that pairing them can put unnecessary strain on the body. Their appeal comes shortly after Donald Trump and Robert F Kennedy Jr made headlines with remarks about Tylenol and autism, a claim that experts have repeatedly dismissed.

The current concern is different. Physicians are asking people to avoid taking Tylenol and NyQuil together, even though they are sold for separate purposes. Tylenol is meant for general pain and fever, while NyQuil is marketed to ease cold and flu symptoms at night. Both contain acetaminophen, which means the doses can add up more quickly than people realize.

Tylenol Warning: Why Doctors Are Urging Caution

Dr Brynna Connor told Parade that many adults unintentionally take far more than the recommended daily amount. She explained that four thousand milligrams is the absolute upper limit for healthy adults, but she encourages most patients to stay well below three thousand. Going beyond that threshold, even briefly, can damage the liver. According to her, people often double up on acetaminophen without recognizing how fast it can lead to liver failure.

As per Healthline, the body can process acetaminophen safely, but only within a defined range. Exceeding it places stress on the liver, especially when multiple medications contain the same ingredient.

Dr Parth Bhavsar added that combining NyQuil with Benadryl can also lead to trouble. Both products include diphenhydramine, which may cause heavy drowsiness, slower breathing, confusion, dizziness, or difficulty urinating when taken together. He noted that these combinations can increase the risk of falls or memory lapses.

Tylenol And Autism Claims by President Trump and RFK Jr

The advisories come months after Donald Trump and Robert F Kennedy Jr held a joint media briefing in which they suggested that Tylenol use during pregnancy might raise the likelihood of autism in newborns. Their statements drew widespread criticism from experts.

During the briefing, Trump struggled to pronounce “acetaminophen” and claimed the drug posed a “very increased risk of autism,” a statement that has not been supported by scientific research. A new analysis by researchers in the United Kingdom, Spain, and Australia reviewed nine major summaries of existing studies, including work Trump had referenced. Their conclusion was that there is no clear evidence linking paracetamol use in pregnancy to autism or ADHD.

The group also pointed out that many reviews had gaps in their methods or did not fully adjust for genetic and environmental factors. When those variables were accounted for, the suggested connection between Tylenol and autism weakened or disappeared.

What Is Acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen, known in many places as paracetamol and sold under names such as Tylenol and Panadol, is a common non-prescription medicine used to reduce fever and ease mild to moderate pain. It works as an analgesic and a fever reducer. It is different from drugs like ibuprofen because it does not address inflammation. As per the Food and Drug Administration.

What Major Medical Groups Say

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists responded to the findings, saying the results were consistent with what the organization has long maintained. According to a spokesperson, available research does not show a causal link between responsible acetaminophen use in pregnancy and autism or other developmental conditions. In other words, the organization does not see enough evidence to support claims made by Trump or Kennedy.

A resident of Washington has been admitted to the hospital after contracting a type of bird flu that has never been seen in humans before, the Washington State Health Department reported.

Since 2024, the United States has recorded 70 human bird flu cases, all caused by the highly contagious H5N1 strain. The current case involves the H5N5 strain, marking the first time this variant has been detected in a person in the U.S.

Experts say the H5N5 strain does not appear to pose a higher risk to humans compared with the more common H5N1.

The patient, an older adult with underlying health issues, had contact with wild birds from a backyard flock, according to CBS News. The individual experienced high fever, confusion, and breathing difficulties, as reported by Scripps News.

What Is The New H5N5 Strain Detected In US?

A resident of Grays Harbor who was hospitalized with flu-like symptoms in early November has tested positive for influenza A H5, a type of bird flu. Further testing identified the virus as H5N5, a strain previously seen in animals but never before in humans. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department of Health currently say the risk to the public from this avian flu is low.

The patient, an older adult with pre-existing health conditions, remains in the hospital. They keep a mixed backyard flock of domestic poultry, which had contact with wild birds. These domestic and wild birds are the most likely sources of the infection, though public health officials are continuing their investigation. The Washington State Department of Health is coordinating with the local health department and the Department of Agriculture to complete studies on exposure and animal health.

How Does Bird Flu Spread?

Bird flu usually spreads through direct contact with infected animals, especially poultry and sometimes dairy cattle. People can catch the virus when they come into contact with bodily fluids like saliva, feces, or respiratory droplets from these animals. The virus can enter the body if someone touches these fluids and then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth. It’s also possible to get infected by breathing in tiny dust particles from areas where infected animals live.

Public Health Guidance For Bird Flu

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department of Health consider the risk of avian influenza to the general public to be low. People who work with or come into recreational contact with infected birds, cattle, or other potentially infected domestic or wild animals face a higher risk and should take precautions. This includes wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, eye protection, and fluid-resistant clothing or coveralls.

Backyard poultry owners should avoid touching sick or dead birds and report any illness to the Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA). Veterinarians should report any domestic animals or livestock suspected of having avian influenza.

People should also avoid contact with sick or dead wildlife and report such cases to the Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife. Pets should never be allowed near dead birds or wildlife.

Avoid consuming raw or undercooked products like unpasteurized milk or raw cheeses, and do not feed these to pets.

It is particularly important for those exposed to sick birds to get a seasonal flu vaccine. While it does not prevent bird flu, the vaccine reduces the risk of contracting both human and avian influenza at the same time. The seasonal flu vaccine is recommended for everyone six months and older.

In another MAHA (Make America Healthy Again) meetings, Vice President JD Vance said that he thinks Ibuprofen, a common pain medication, is 'useless'. While speaking at the MAHA summit in Washington DC on November 12, along side the Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr, Vance talked about "the one way" he is "more instinctively MAHA".

He was here making a reference to Trump's administration's Make America Healthy Again. This is an initiative led by Kennedy.

This is when Vance said, "If I have like, you know, a back sprain, or I slept weird and I woke up with back pain, I don't want to take Ibuprofen." He said that he does not like taking medications. "I don't like taking anything unless I absolutely have to. And I think that is another MAHA style attitude. It is not anti-medication, it is anti-useless-medication," he said.

His remarks has made with many experts criticizing it. This is not the first time the MAHA flag bearers have faced criticism for their 'MAHA attitudes' and opinions. Earlier the connection between Tylenol, another popular pain medication and autism was also faced with criticism, with expert commenting on why the link is not correct.

In fact, Kennedy, who is leading the MAHA initiative has had a long history of being anti-vaccination and medication, which also includes refusing to promote the measles vaccines amid a measles surge. He also announced that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would no longer recommend children and pregnant women get COVID vaccines, and the reason he cited was "common sense".

What Does Ibuprofen Do In Your Body?

Many widely used painkillers contain ibuprofen, a medication known for easing pain, reducing inflammation, and lowering fever. It works by blocking certain natural chemicals in the body that trigger swelling and discomfort.

When someone is injured or unwell, the body produces chemicals that heighten nerve sensitivity, making pain feel more intense. Painkillers help slow this process by reducing the production of these chemicals, preventing nerves from sending strong pain signals to the brain, ultimately helping the person feel relief.

Ibuprofen’s main role is to reduce inflammation and soothe pain. By limiting the chemicals that cause discomfort, it also decreases redness and heat in the affected area. This is why it is commonly recommended for muscle spasms and sprains, as noted in a 2015 study in the National Library of Medicine.

The medication also acts on the hypothalamus, the brain’s temperature-regulation center, helping to bring down fever. The same 2015 study suggests that some painkillers may suppress certain immune responses, which can worsen inflammation but make the brain perceive less pain, creating an overall calming effect.