Japan could become one of the first countries in the world to end the HIV epidemic, says the president of Gilead Sciences Japan, Kennet Brysting. The idea for now could seem a little too ambitious, but it is not entirely unrealistic, given that the availability of medicines that can prevent transmission of HIV. Drugs are not the cure, but control over the spread of virus to the point where the disease is no longer a major public health threat.

What Is The Role Of Preventative HIV Medicines?

Gilead's have two key drugs, Truvada and lenacapavir. These two are playing a crucial role in prevention. Truvada is taken as a daily pill, while lenacapavir requires two injections per year. It can make the virus undetectable in infected individuals and prevent transmission to those who are not infected yet. In trials, lenacapavir showed 100% efficacy in preventing HIV infections. This is why it is describe as "almost a vaccine".

In 2024, Japan also approved Truvada for HIV prevention, but the country has yet to approve lenacapavir for the same. Until now, people in Japan had been importing generic versions of Truvada or purchasing it from clinics that source it from overseas.

HIV In Japan

Up until now, Japan reported around 25,000 HIV infections, whereas 669 new cases were reported in 2023. For seven consecutive years, the number of new infections remained under 1,000. The downward trend thus shows that the virus has been controlled, however, getting to zero new infections remains the ultimate goal.

Brysting too acknowledged that simply having effective drug is not enough. What is important is to have a proper implementation, access and healthcare support to make sure that these treatments are widely available and effective.

What Are The Challenges In Implementation?

The biggest challenges is testing rates. There is a need to increase testing rates. At this very moment, around 86% people infective with Japan have been tested, but the goal is to increase it up to 95%, with an ideal goal of 100%. Without widespread testing, many infected people may not even know that they are infected and it could transmit the virus.

Another measure issue is the cost of preventative medication. While Japan's health insurance covers treatments for diseases, it does not cover preventative drugs. Those who purchase Truvada for prevention, pay around $470 per month. Some clinics in Tokyo offer generic alternatives too, which is cheaper, but they are not ideal.

Better Healthcare Support

Brysting expressed concern that individuals importing medications might not be consulting doctors regularly, which is essential for monitoring HIV status and overall health. Truvada users need to be tested for HIV initially and every three months, along with screenings for other infections and kidney function checks. Without proper medical supervision, there is a risk of misuse and inadequate protection.

Gilead is in discussions with Japanese authorities to improve access and insurance coverage for Truvada, and progress is being made. Japan has shown efficiency in approving critical medicines, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when Gilead’s remdesivir was approved in just three days.

What Is The Way Ahead?

Gilead at this moment is not only focused on HIV and hepatitis C, but also expanding into oncology with innovative treatments like CAR-T cell therapy, which strengthens a patient's immune system to fight cancer.

However, Japan’s strict approval processes can slow down drug availability. Phase 3 clinical trials often need to be conducted within the country, and Japan tends to approve medicines much later than other regions. For instance, Truvada was approved for prevention in Japan 12 years after the U.S. and nearly 20 years after its approval for treatment. inancial factors also play a role. The Japanese government adjusts drug prices annually, often reducing them, which can make long-term investment challenging for pharmaceutical companies.

Countries across Europe, Africa, and South America are tracing contacts of passengers linked to the MV Hondius cruise ship hantavirus outbreak after multiple deaths and suspected human-to-human infections raised global concern. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) says the risk of a Covid-like global spread remains low.

The latest hantavirus outbreak has so far infected eight people, including three deaths, among the 150 people aboard the MV Hondius cruise ship.

The Andes strain of hantavirus, which can spread from person to person, has been identified in two people who disembarked from the cruise ship.

While hantavirus carries a mortality rate of up to 40 percent, the WHO stated that the overall global risk remains low.

More than two dozen passengers left the ship before learning they may have been exposed to the virus. Countries are now tracing them to prevent potential spread to the general public. The virus can spread through close contact, as seen in the MV Hondius cases.

According to WHO official Shenaaz El-Halabi, authorities are tracing passengers linked to an international flight and the cruise ship, involving 16 countries and dozens of contacts.

More than 60 percent of identified contacts have already been followed up on, while investigations continue using epidemiological and laboratory data.

Hantavirus: A Look At Countries Tracing Contacts

US

At least 23 passengers from the hantavirus-affected MV Hondius cruise ship returned home, including several to the United States — and one of them has already fallen ill.

The travelers reportedly did not know they had been exposed to the deadly virus when they disembarked during the ship’s stop at Saint Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic, on April 23.

“There are 23 people wandering around there, and until three days ago, no one had contacted them,” a passenger still aboard the ship told the Spanish newspaper, El País.

“The Australian went back to Australia, the one from Taiwan to Taiwan, the Americans to all corners of North America. The Englishman to England, the Dutch to their homes… I don’t remember the rest,” the passenger added.

People in at least three US states — Georgia, Arizona, and California — are being monitored for possible hantavirus exposure after the outbreak aboard the MV Hondius, though none have shown symptoms, according to the New York Times.

The Georgia Department of Public Health said it is monitoring two residents who “are currently in good health and show no signs of infection.”

The Arizona Department of Health Services confirmed that one resident who traveled on the ship is being monitored and is not symptomatic.

“There is no information that California residents are ill or infected. At this time, the risk to public health in California is low,” Robert Barsanti, a spokesman for the California Department of Public Health, said.

According to Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, Director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), “Hantavirus is not spread by people without symptoms, transmission requires close contact, and the risk to the American public is very low.”

UK

According to Oceanwide Expeditions, the operator of MV Hondius, 19 passengers and four crew members aboard the ship were British nationals.

One of them, a 56-year-old British man, was among the three passengers evacuated from the ship on Wednesday and is reported to be in stable condition.

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) said two British nationals are self-isolating at home after potential exposure to hantavirus on the cruise ship. The pair had disembarked earlier in the voyage and currently shows no symptoms.

UKHSA said contacts linked to their return journey, including passengers on a flight from Johannesburg, are being traced. The agency added that the risk to the general public remains very low.

Switzerland

Swiss officials are tracing the contacts of a man hospitalized in Zurich with the Andes strain of hantavirus, according to reports.

The patient became ill after returning from a three-week April cruise that traveled from the southern tip of South America to the South Atlantic island of St. Helena.

The authorities said the patient’s wife has not shown symptoms but is self-isolating as a precaution.

Argentina

Health investigators in Argentina believe a Dutch couple may have brought the virus aboard after possibly contracting it through rodent exposure during a bird-watching tour near a landfill in Ushuaia days before the ship departed from Argentina on March 20. Both the husband and wife later died.

Argentina has one of the highest reported incidences of hantavirus in Latin America, according to the WHO. Authorities there are continuing efforts to trace the source of the outbreak.

The Argentine Health Ministry reported 101 hantavirus infections since June 2025 — roughly double the number reported during the previous year, according to The Guardian.

Radiation and chemotherapy might be lifesaving for millions of children globally, but the cost of these intense therapies is much greater. Therapies like these spike the risk of infertility in adulthood — one third of men on these treatments are considered 'azoospermic' after pube—onehis means that when they ejaculate, it lacks any viable sperm. But on the bright side, a medical team at the University Hospital Brussels and the Free University of Brussels (VUB) found that they successfully restored sperm production in one such patient.

How to preserve fertility in men after chemotherapy?

In a new case study, which is now in peer review, researchers explained how they treated a male patient with no viable sperm by retransplanting his own childhood testicular tissue into his adult testicle. The anonymous patient was born with sickle cell anaemia, an inherited disease that can be managed with small chemotherapy doses or through a donated bone marrow transplant. In 2008, before the treatment, the patient's family consented to the removal of one of his testicles and had it frozen for future use. The patient was 10 years old at the time.

Later, in 2022, the patient returned to Brussels IVF at VUB hoping to become a father. However, it was found that there was no viable sperm in his testicle. He requested a transplantation of the frozen tissue. In 2025, during the trial, he underwent surgery to receive four tissue grafts within his testicle and four in his scrotum. A year later, some of these produced motile, mature sperm. However, only the parts of the testicle with the transplants held viable sperm — and these were not connected to the patient's sperm duct. The sperm, therefore, was not likely to reach his semen. Consequently, IVF was the only option for the patient to have a baby — but the silver lining was that, if he wanted a baby, it was possible.

What is sperm banking?

According to doctors, adults who undergo radiation and chemotherapy must undergo sperm banking in the conventional way. However, before puberty, patients are not fit for freezing sperm, as the body is not producing mature sperm yet. In childhood, the testicles contain spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) — these have the potential to become sperm later. Freezing this tissue could be a way to preserve fertility in younger patients who are prone to infertility.

The University Hospital Brussels became the first-ever hospital to introduce this practice in 2022. Years later, other hospitals followed suit and offered cryopreservation for over 3,000 boys globally. The samples collected were banked for future studies and research to determine whether the approach is, in fact, viable or not. For many patients, it is the only way to restore existing fertility. Although a single patient is not enough to prove that the procedure works, the Brussels story offers hope for men dealing with infertility.

Is there a downside?

Animal studies have found that the grafts have a shorter lifespan. However, how long they can last in humans is still unknown; furthermore, researchers are yet to ascertain whether these sperm can lead to healthy babies. This step is important for further research on preserving fertility.

In a bid to address ‘overuse’ of psychiatric medications, US Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr has launched a new plan that aims to promote appropriate psychiatric prescribing and drive deprescribing when clinically indicated.

Kennedy announced the efforts to curb psychiatric overprescribing at a MAHA Institute summit on mental health and overmedicalization.

“Today, we take clear and decisive action to confront our nation’s mental health crisis by addressing the overuse of psychiatric medications—especially among children,” said Kennedy.

“We will support patient autonomy, require informed consent and shared decision-making, and shift the standard of care toward prevention, transparency, and a more holistic approach to mental health,” he added.

Agencies within the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) are collaborating to leverage their collective expertise and align their efforts to evaluate prescription patterns for psychiatric medications, their benefits and potential harms, and to elevate the role of non-medication treatments and scalable, evidence-based solutions to improve mental health.

The HHS has planned a multipronged approach, including education and outreach, program and policy actions, and research-to-practice efforts, to prevent the unnecessary initiation of psychiatric medications and support the tapering and discontinuation for patients not experiencing clinical benefit.

Also read: Ibogaine: Why Donald Trump Is Pushing US FDA To Fast-track This Psychedelic

SSRI's The Main Target

The initiative focuses on the most widely prescribed class of psychiatric medications, first-line treatments for depression and anxiety that include Zoloft, Lexapro, Paxil and Prozac. In 2025, 16.6 percent of U.S. adults, or roughly one in six, reported currently taking an SSRI, the New York Times reported.

SSRIs—short for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors—are among the most widely prescribed antidepressants in the world. The drugs work by increasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation, emotional processing, and impulse control. By preventing serotonin from being reabsorbed too quickly, SSRIs maintain higher levels of the chemical in the brain, which can improve symptoms of depression and anxiety for many patients.

Like any medication, SSRIs come with side effects—such as nausea, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia—but they are generally considered safe and effective when prescribed appropriately.

Experts Welcome But Raise Concerns Over Gap

Psychiatry experts have welcomed the new federal efforts toward improving psychiatric healthcare. They also raised concerns, including potential overemphasis on overprescribing, while access to mental healthcare remains inadequate.

Deprescribing “simply means that if any treatment is not proving itself to be beneficial, or if problems with tolerability substantially outweigh efficacy, it makes sense to discontinue that treatment and replace it with a more effective viable alternative,” said Dr. Joseph F. Goldberg, clinical professor of psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, CNN reported.

Dr. Theresa Miskimen Rivera, president of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), said the group supports the administration’s plans for further investment, research, and clinical training.

“However, we do have an issue with the framing of mental health as a primary problem of overmedicalization,” Rivera added. “This type of characterization really oversimplifies a very complex, larger issue.”

Read More: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Denies Link To Measles Outbreak At Senate Hearing

“This oversimplification of our mental health does not take into account things like persistent workforce shortages, limited psychiatric beds, inadequate visit time, barriers to psychotherapy and social support, and insufficient integration of psychiatric expertise in primary care,” added Rivera, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.