Japan could become one of the first countries in the world to end the HIV epidemic, says the president of Gilead Sciences Japan, Kennet Brysting. The idea for now could seem a little too ambitious, but it is not entirely unrealistic, given that the availability of medicines that can prevent transmission of HIV. Drugs are not the cure, but control over the spread of virus to the point where the disease is no longer a major public health threat.

What Is The Role Of Preventative HIV Medicines?

Gilead's have two key drugs, Truvada and lenacapavir. These two are playing a crucial role in prevention. Truvada is taken as a daily pill, while lenacapavir requires two injections per year. It can make the virus undetectable in infected individuals and prevent transmission to those who are not infected yet. In trials, lenacapavir showed 100% efficacy in preventing HIV infections. This is why it is describe as "almost a vaccine".

In 2024, Japan also approved Truvada for HIV prevention, but the country has yet to approve lenacapavir for the same. Until now, people in Japan had been importing generic versions of Truvada or purchasing it from clinics that source it from overseas.

HIV In Japan

Up until now, Japan reported around 25,000 HIV infections, whereas 669 new cases were reported in 2023. For seven consecutive years, the number of new infections remained under 1,000. The downward trend thus shows that the virus has been controlled, however, getting to zero new infections remains the ultimate goal.

Brysting too acknowledged that simply having effective drug is not enough. What is important is to have a proper implementation, access and healthcare support to make sure that these treatments are widely available and effective.

What Are The Challenges In Implementation?

The biggest challenges is testing rates. There is a need to increase testing rates. At this very moment, around 86% people infective with Japan have been tested, but the goal is to increase it up to 95%, with an ideal goal of 100%. Without widespread testing, many infected people may not even know that they are infected and it could transmit the virus.

Another measure issue is the cost of preventative medication. While Japan's health insurance covers treatments for diseases, it does not cover preventative drugs. Those who purchase Truvada for prevention, pay around $470 per month. Some clinics in Tokyo offer generic alternatives too, which is cheaper, but they are not ideal.

Better Healthcare Support

Brysting expressed concern that individuals importing medications might not be consulting doctors regularly, which is essential for monitoring HIV status and overall health. Truvada users need to be tested for HIV initially and every three months, along with screenings for other infections and kidney function checks. Without proper medical supervision, there is a risk of misuse and inadequate protection.

Gilead is in discussions with Japanese authorities to improve access and insurance coverage for Truvada, and progress is being made. Japan has shown efficiency in approving critical medicines, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when Gilead’s remdesivir was approved in just three days.

What Is The Way Ahead?

Gilead at this moment is not only focused on HIV and hepatitis C, but also expanding into oncology with innovative treatments like CAR-T cell therapy, which strengthens a patient's immune system to fight cancer.

However, Japan’s strict approval processes can slow down drug availability. Phase 3 clinical trials often need to be conducted within the country, and Japan tends to approve medicines much later than other regions. For instance, Truvada was approved for prevention in Japan 12 years after the U.S. and nearly 20 years after its approval for treatment. inancial factors also play a role. The Japanese government adjusts drug prices annually, often reducing them, which can make long-term investment challenging for pharmaceutical companies.

Alkem Laboratories today announced the launch of semaglutide in single-shot pre-filled syringes in multiple dose strengths, with prices starting at Rs 350.

The company, in a statement, said it is the first in India to introduce semaglutide in a single-shot pre-filled syringe format for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity as an adjunct to diet and exercise.

The ready-to-use format will expand treatment options for patients while lowering entry barriers through affordable pricing.

“Semaglutide has the potential to change how we manage metabolic disorders. With the launch of our pre-filled syringes, we are widening the choice available to doctors and patients, alongside the pen options we have already introduced,” said Dr. Vikas Gupta, Chief Executive Officer of Alkem Laboratories.

“In India, where we are seeing a continuous rise in disease burden, offering multiple, practical drug delivery formats is an important step in helping more patients start and stay on the therapy,” he added.

Alkem noted that it has received approval from the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) to manufacture and market semaglutide pre-filled syringes.

Also read: India To Tighten Regulation For Semaglutide, Other GLP-1 Drugs

The launch follows Alkem’s introduction of semaglutide in pre-filled disposable and reusable injection pen formats in the Indian market in March 2026. The company has also secured regulatory approval for semaglutide vials, which it plans to launch soon.

Meanwhile, domestic peers such as Torrent Pharma and Dr Reddy’s have also introduced non-infringing tablets, with Lupin, Sun Pharma and several others expected to follow suit.

Semaglutide: Risks Vs Benefits

In people with type 2 diabetes, Harvard Health noted that the body's cells are resistant to the effects of insulin and the body does not produce enough insulin, or both. This is when GLP-1 agonists stimulate the pancreas to release insulin and suppress the release of another hormone called glucagon.

These drugs also act in the brain to reduce hunger and act on the stomach to delay emptying, so you feel full for a longer time. These effects can lead to weight loss, which can be an important part of managing diabetes.

Notably, semaglutide is not just a glucose-lowering drug, it improves weight and has proven cardiovascular, liver, and renal benefits.

Read More: Pairing Ozempic With Exercise Is Beneficial For Your Muscles, Study Finds

Wider availability could therefore help reduce long-term complications such as heart disease and kidney failure. If used appropriately, this could indeed be a major step forward in total metabolic care, the experts said.

“The increasing affordability of GLP-1 receptor agonists is a double-edged development. On one hand, it significantly improves access for patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high cardiovascular risk, conditions that are highly prevalent in India. These drugs have demonstrated meaningful benefits in weight reduction, glycemic control, and even cardiovascular risk reduction, which could translate into long-term public health gains,” Dr Vivek Bindal, Senior Director & Head, Bariatric and Robotic Surgery, at Max Healthcare, told HealthandMe.

Western Australia is seeing a steady rise in mpox infections, with seven cases reported during the past week, according to the Department of Health.

In a statement, the department said that 22 mpox cases have been reported in Western Australia so far in 2026. The figure marks a significant increase compared with 2025, when 27 cases were recorded throughout the entire year, and 2024, which saw 23 cases.

Health Authorities Urge Vigilance

Health officials have advised the public to remain alert for symptoms of the disease. Public health investigations and contact tracing are also underway to prevent further transmission.

Nineteen of the cases were acquired locally, while three were linked to overseas travel. Two of the cases reported this year were in cisgender women, a first for Western Australia. Another two cases were reported in heterosexual men, the officials said.

Dr. Paul Armstrong, Director of Communicable Disease Control, said the department was working closely with affected individuals and their contacts to help prevent further spread of the virus.

“Mpox is a viral infection that typically causes mild illness, including fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, or fatigue, followed by a skin rash or lesions,” Dr Armstrong said.

“It does not spread easily between people and is mainly transmitted through very close or intimate contact with an infected person.

“While anyone can contract mpox, recent cases in Australia and internationally have occurred more commonly among sexually active gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men,” the expert said.

Vaccination Recommended For High-Risk Groups

Dr Armstrong encouraged eligible people in Western Australia to consider vaccination, particularly before travelling to countries experiencing mpox transmission.

“The mpox vaccine is available through sexual health clinics and participating GPs for people at higher risk of exposure,” he said.

“Two doses are recommended for optimal protection, and vaccination can reduce the risk of infection and severe disease.”

Anyone concerned they may have been exposed to mpox, or experiencing symptoms consistent with the infection, should call ahead before attending a healthcare facility so appropriate precautions can be arranged.

What Is Mpox?

Mpox is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox.

The virus spreads through close physical contact with an infected person, contaminated materials, or infected animals.

The illness generally lasts between two and four weeks and resolves on its own. However, severe disease can occur, particularly in children, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems.

Complications may include secondary infections, respiratory problems, and, in rare cases, death.

How Can Mpox Be Prevented?

Also read: India Makes Significant Progress In Maternal Care, Nutrition And Child Immunization: NFHS-6

Vaccination: Vaccines originally developed for smallpox can help protect against mpox. Health authorities recommend vaccination for people at higher risk of exposure.

Good Hygiene: Regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals and contaminated materials, and following public health guidance can reduce the risk of infection.

Early Detection And Monitoring: People who develop symptoms or believe they may have been exposed should seek medical advice promptly. Laboratory testing, including RT-PCR, is available to confirm infection and support timely treatment and contact tracing.

Once marketed as a safer alternative to cigarettes, research now shows that vapes carry serious health risks, including lung damage, meningitis, and cancer.

Unlike cigarettes, these devices are often ready to use, brightly colored, require little effort to activate, and appear more like toys than a harmful product. But due to its addictive flavor, people end up consuming more tobacco than those who smoke unflavored ones.

Globally, 33 countries ban the sale of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), a category that includes e-cigarettes and vapes, according to a 2023 World Health Organization (WHO) report. Another 87 countries regulate the sale of ENDS.

Malaysia has become the latest country to intensify efforts to curb vaping, with the Health Ministry launching a major crackdown on the online promotion and sale of smoking and vape products under Ops Selamat PaPa.

In a statement, the ministry said the operation aims to target the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of all types of smoking products, and protect the younger generation.

“Following its increasing and widespread use, this operation was launched to protect the younger generation from the dangers of smoking products, including electronic cigarettes and vaping,” the statement said.

“We take the complaints raised on social media over online advertising and sales of vape products suspected of violating the Control of Smoking Products for Public Health Act 2024 (Act 852) seriously," it added.

The Health Ministry said it had investigated 10 websites following the complaints and requested that the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission block four of them under the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Act 588). The remaining six websites are still under investigation, The Straits Times reported.

According to the ministry, as of April 30, a total of 34,903 enforcement operations had been carried out following inspections at 683,704 premises nationwide.

“We constantly monitor online advertising and promotion of tobacco products, including the sale of vapes. We wish to stress that there will be no compromise for those who violate laws,” the ministry said.

UK Parliament Bans Cigarettes and Vapes

The UK Parliament has passed a “landmark bill” to ban smoking among children who were born on or after 1 January 2009.

Under the new Tobacco and Vapes Bill, people aged 17 or younger face a lifelong ban on buying cigarettes. This includes a ban on selling vapes to anyone under 18 and selling them through vending machines.

Vaping A Major Threat Among Under-5s in the US

Vaping has been a serious concern in the United States, with New York Attorney General Letitia James in 2025 filing a lawsuit against e-cigarette manufacturers and distributors.

The lawsuit accused the companies of fueling a youth vaping crisis, alleging that these companies that manufacture vapes, especially with flavors, have misled consumers about the safety of their products while deliberately targeting young people through deceptive marketing.

An April 2026 study, published in JAMA Network Open, for the first time assessed trends in young children's nicotine exposures across all types of products.

Shockingly, electronic cigarette-related incidents increased 243 percent over the past eight years in young children, especially among those under five years of age, said researchers from the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School.

Vaping has also become a more common form of tobacco use among American middle and high school students.

As per the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 1.6 million students used e-cigarettes in 2024, with 87.6 percent of them opting for a flavored product.