Japan could become one of the first countries in the world to end the HIV epidemic, says the president of Gilead Sciences Japan, Kennet Brysting. The idea for now could seem a little too ambitious, but it is not entirely unrealistic, given that the availability of medicines that can prevent transmission of HIV. Drugs are not the cure, but control over the spread of virus to the point where the disease is no longer a major public health threat.

What Is The Role Of Preventative HIV Medicines?

Gilead's have two key drugs, Truvada and lenacapavir. These two are playing a crucial role in prevention. Truvada is taken as a daily pill, while lenacapavir requires two injections per year. It can make the virus undetectable in infected individuals and prevent transmission to those who are not infected yet. In trials, lenacapavir showed 100% efficacy in preventing HIV infections. This is why it is describe as "almost a vaccine".

In 2024, Japan also approved Truvada for HIV prevention, but the country has yet to approve lenacapavir for the same. Until now, people in Japan had been importing generic versions of Truvada or purchasing it from clinics that source it from overseas.

HIV In Japan

Up until now, Japan reported around 25,000 HIV infections, whereas 669 new cases were reported in 2023. For seven consecutive years, the number of new infections remained under 1,000. The downward trend thus shows that the virus has been controlled, however, getting to zero new infections remains the ultimate goal.

Brysting too acknowledged that simply having effective drug is not enough. What is important is to have a proper implementation, access and healthcare support to make sure that these treatments are widely available and effective.

What Are The Challenges In Implementation?

The biggest challenges is testing rates. There is a need to increase testing rates. At this very moment, around 86% people infective with Japan have been tested, but the goal is to increase it up to 95%, with an ideal goal of 100%. Without widespread testing, many infected people may not even know that they are infected and it could transmit the virus.

Another measure issue is the cost of preventative medication. While Japan's health insurance covers treatments for diseases, it does not cover preventative drugs. Those who purchase Truvada for prevention, pay around $470 per month. Some clinics in Tokyo offer generic alternatives too, which is cheaper, but they are not ideal.

Better Healthcare Support

Brysting expressed concern that individuals importing medications might not be consulting doctors regularly, which is essential for monitoring HIV status and overall health. Truvada users need to be tested for HIV initially and every three months, along with screenings for other infections and kidney function checks. Without proper medical supervision, there is a risk of misuse and inadequate protection.

Gilead is in discussions with Japanese authorities to improve access and insurance coverage for Truvada, and progress is being made. Japan has shown efficiency in approving critical medicines, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when Gilead’s remdesivir was approved in just three days.

What Is The Way Ahead?

Gilead at this moment is not only focused on HIV and hepatitis C, but also expanding into oncology with innovative treatments like CAR-T cell therapy, which strengthens a patient's immune system to fight cancer.

However, Japan’s strict approval processes can slow down drug availability. Phase 3 clinical trials often need to be conducted within the country, and Japan tends to approve medicines much later than other regions. For instance, Truvada was approved for prevention in Japan 12 years after the U.S. and nearly 20 years after its approval for treatment. inancial factors also play a role. The Japanese government adjusts drug prices annually, often reducing them, which can make long-term investment challenging for pharmaceutical companies.

Two people have suffered burn injuries in Mumbai after a cluster of gas-filled balloons exploded and turned into a ball of fire inside a residential building’s lift earlier this week.

The incident occured at Anmol Towers, a residential building opposite a petrol pump in Mumbai's Goregaon West and police have registered a case against the balloon vendor, according to NDTV.

CCTV footage shows a woman entering the lift with a small trolley, followed by a man carrying several balloons packed in a large bag. Moments later, the balloons mysteriously caught fire, leading to the blast inside the elevator.

Despite flames briefly covering the CCTV camera, the woman and two men were seen running out of the elevator seconds later. In the end, the clip shows the elevator doors shutting as flames erupt at the centre of the lift.

It was unclear what type of gas was used to inflate the balloons. However, while many consumers assume decorative balloons are filled with helium, a non-combustible gas, authorities and safety experts suggest that it is highly possible that hydrogen was used instead.

Mumbai police have urged the public to exercise caution and warned balloon sellers against using flammable gases, particularly in residential buildings and enclosed areas.

Why Is Hydrogen Dangerous?

Hydrogen has a very wide range of flammability in air (4-75 percent by volume) and requires very low energy to ignite. It often causes explosions rather than just fires, especially in confined spaces.

In high concentrations in enclosed areas, hydrogen acts as a simple asphyxiant by displacing oxygen, which can lead to dizziness, unconsciousness, or death. Additionally, hydrogen fires burn with a nearly invisible, pale blue flame, making them almost impossible to detect with the naked eye during daylight.

Moreover, hydrogen gas also burns faster than most conventional fuels, increasing the risk of deflagration (subsonic) or detonation (supersonic).

On the other hand, as a noble gas, helium has a completely filled outer shell of electrons, meaning it does not react with other elements or catch fire in the presence of oxygen and heat.

Along with this, unlike hydrogen, which is also lighter than air but highly explosive, helium will not ignite even if exposed directly to a flame or spark and it can can act as a buffer and actually suppress flames by displacing oxygen in the immediate area.

What To Do If You Suffer From Burns?

For minor burns, immediately run cool (not cold) water over the area for 10–20 minutes, remove jewelery or tight clothing near the injured area and cover with a sterile bandage. A minor burn might need emergency care if it affects the eyes, mouth, hands or genitals.

However, for serious and large burns, protect the burned person from further harm and ensure that they are breathing. Loosely cover the area with gauze or a clean cloth and raise the burned area above heart level, if possible.

As you call emergency services, watch for symptoms of shock which include cool, clammy skin, weak pulse and shallow breathing.

Seek immediate care for burns, which:

• May be deep, involving all layers of the skin.
• May cause the skin to be dry and leathery.
• May appear charred or have patches of white, brown or black.
• Are larger than 3 inches (about 8 centimeters) in diameter.
• Cover the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint, or encircle an arm or a leg.
• Are accompanied by smoke inhalation.
• Begin swelling very quickly.

Globally, about 10 million people experience burns and about 180,000 die from them each year.

A woman with no travel history has died from Nipah virus in Bangladesh, the World Health Organization has confirmed.

The patient, aged between 40 and 50, developed a fever and headache-like symptoms consistent with the virus, followed by hypersalivation, disorientation and convulsion on 21 January.

The case was reported in the northern Naogaon district, Sharmin Sultana, senior scientific officer at the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, later said.

She died on January 28 and was confirmed to be infected with the virus the day after. Although she had no travel history, she regularly consumed raw date palm sap, reports suggest.

The WHO said all 35 people who had contact with the now-deceased patient were being monitored and have tested negative for the virus. No new cases had been detected to date.

Since its emergence in 2001, Bangldesh has reported cases of Nipah virus in humans every year. In 2025, four laboratory-confirmed fatal cases were reported in the country.

What's Happening In India?

The Nipah virus outbreak began in West Bengal, India in January with two hospital nurses at AIIMS, Kolkata, testing positive for the infection and being quarantined, prompting widespread testing. Soon after, five cases, including a doctor and a staff member, were confirmed and over 100 people were quarantined.

However, one of the nurses, a 25-year-old unidentified man has now made a recovery and revealed his experience with the virus, claiming that despite irritation in the throat and uncertainty about what lay ahead, he had faith in his doctors and fellow nurses.

In an interview with the Metro, he said: “After I was taken off ventilation and regained consciousness, I came to know that I have Nipah. I still had the tube in my mouth, and there was irritation. Despite the irritation and my fear, I had faith in the doctors and nurses.

“I have suffered and I know the symptoms. I will tell people when they should get checked for the Nipah virus. I want to raise awareness about the virus and its symptoms.

“I am not sure how I came in contact with the deadly virus. Maybe it was while treating a patient. But I will continue to work as a nurse. I am waiting to rejoin the hospital,” he added.

The unidentified healthcare professional remains very weak physically and is undergoing physiotherapy to regain his strength. “I was bedridden for over a month. I am still very weak and have an unstable gait. So, I am undergoing physiotherapy,” he said.

The other nurse, a woman, remains in a coma but has been taken off ventilation support, a hospital official confirmed this week.

Nipah Virus: What Is It And What Are Its Symptoms?

According to WHO, Nipah virus is a zoonotic illness which means it is mostly transmitted from animals to humans through bats. However, it can also spread through fruits that have been contaminated by the saliva, urine or droppings of infected bats. Human-to-human transmission can also occur through close contact with an infected person or their bodily fluids.

The illness has a 75 percent fatality rate, and there are no vaccines to protect the public.

The virus was first identified in 1998 during an outbreak among pig farmers in Malaysia and soon made its way to India and Bangladesh in 2001, with cases often involving family members or caregivers tending to the infected patient.

READ MORE: _{Nipah vs Bird Flu in India: Which Virus Poses A Greater Threat To Humans?}

Although the Nipah virus has caused only a few known outbreaks in Asia, it infects a wide range of animals and causes severe disease and death in people. Some of its common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Breathing difficulties
• Cough and sore throat
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Muscle pain and severe weakness

Samples collected from the patient’s home and workplaces, including pets and partially eaten fruits dropped by bats, all tested negative for the virus, and the exact source of the infection could not be identified.

Wet Wipes Waring: 59 people have fallen ill, with one dead, after using non-alcoholic, non-sterile, infected wet wipes in UK. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) issued a warning, and said that there is still "an ongoing risk of infection associated with their use". The bacteria that is causing this infection is burkholderia stabilis or B. stabilis.

Wet Wipes Warning: Which Ones Not To Use

The UKHSA also in its warning included names of four different wet wipes and asked people to avoid using them.

• ValueAid Alcohol Free Cleaning Wipes
• Stereoplast Sterowipe Alcohol Free Cleansing Wipes
• Reliwipe Alcohol Free Cleansing Wipes
• Microsafe Moist Wipe Alcohol Free

Wet Wipes Warning: What Actually Happened?

The Pharmaceutical Journal noted that the UKHSA and MHRA published a joint statement that warned people that they should not use non-sterile, non-alcoholic wipes in their homes and first-aid kits.

After an outbreak investigation conducted by MHRA in 2025, four products were identified to be contaminated with Burkholderia stabilis. “There have been 59 confirmed cases of Burkholderia stabilis associated with some non-sterile alcohol-free wipe products — identified in an outbreak in the United Kingdom from January 2018 to 3 February 2026,” the statement said.

“A small number of cases continue to be detected. These have included some serious infections which have required hospital treatment and one death has been attributed to Burkholderia stabilis infection.”

UKHSA and MHRA is telling people to look out for wipes marked 'sterile' to be used on wounds or broken skin.

Wet Wipes Warning: What Is Burkholderia Stabilis?

UKHSA on its official website notes: 'Burkholderia are a type of bacteria found naturally in the environment, including in soil and water. Burkholderia stabilis is one species within this group. While many people never encounter problems with this type of bacteria, it can cause serious infections in certain circumstances, particularly among vulnerable individuals.'

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Wet Wipes Warning: Who Is At More Risk Of B. Stabilis Infection?

• Those with weakened immune systems – including people undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, or those with conditions that affect immune function
• Individuals with other risk factors such as cystic fibrosis
• Patients at home with intravenous lines

Wet Wipes Warning: How Can Someone Get Infected By B. Stabilis?

The UKHSA notes: "The risk of acquiring infection is generally very low. Infections can occur through contact with contaminated products on broken or damaged skin, or through introduction of bacteria through medical devices such as intravenous lines."

Wet Wipes Warning: What Are The Common Symptoms Of B. Stabilis Infection?

• Symptoms of a wound infection can include redness, swelling, increased pain, warmth around a wound or or break in skin, and pus or other drainage from the wound / break in skin
• Symptoms of infection involving an intravenous line can include signs such as redness, swelling, or pain around the insertion site and / or fever and chills
• In more serious cases, symptoms associated with bloodstream infection (sepsis).