Cigarettes with ultralow nicotine levels are now being called the game-changer in the fight against smoking. If you are having trouble in quitting smoking, then, it is for you, that soon the Biden White House is expected to formally propose a plan that will order cigarette nicotine levels to be reduced, reports The Washington Post. For now though, it has been a failure, as these cigarettes, also known as VLN cigarettes that stands for very low nicotine are only available in 5,100 stores in 26 states. This is a very small fraction of the overall market for cigarettes. The company that makes it, 22nd Century, is struggling not because of the low supply, but also from the advocates who have long believed slashing nicotine levels altogether.

The Advent and ideation

Nicotine is a chemical that is produced naturally from tobacco that makes the cigarette and also keeps people hooked. While it is believed that it makes people alert, and get the "hit" to keep them going, it exposes the users to harmful substances, carcinogens, and increases the risk of heart disease, lung cancer, and other illness.

Ultralow-nicotine cigarettes, like the VLN brand, contain about 95% less nicotine than the regular cigarettes. The idea is quite simple: without the addictive grip of nicotine, smokers will find it easier to quit. Research too has shown some promise. For instance, the studies funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse revealed that very low nicotine cigarettes reduced addiction potential significantly without having users to increase their smoking frequency. However, the problem is, why would anyone choose for a low-nicotine that does not make them feel the same way, when the high-nicotine cigarette is right next to it, making them feel the same way, with the same alertness, sold at the same price.

“It’s very hard to imagine someone actively choosing to continue to use a low-nicotine product for the same price when a high-nicotine product is right next to it,” said Eric Donny, a Wake Forest University School of Medicine nicotine researcher.

No wonder, the experiment with low nicotine product by Philip Morris' Next cigarettes in the 1980s and Vector Tobacco's Quest brand in the early 2000s, flopped.

FDA's Role in the Push

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has supported the development of such products, even allowing VLN cigarettes to be marketed as lower-risk options. However, these products remain a niche market, available in only a fraction of U.S. stores.

Recently, the Biden administration has considered a bold step—mandating a dramatic reduction in nicotine levels for all cigarettes sold in the United States. Supporters believe this move could save millions of lives, while critics, including tobacco companies, warn of potential unintended consequences.

What Could Be The Challenges?

Resistance from Big Tobacco Companies: They could argue that slashing nicotine levels could backfire. Their claim is, smokers will turn to black markets or smoke more to satisfy their cravings, which may lead to greater exposure to harmful substances.

Consumer Reluctance: History is proof to the instances of smokers being hesitant to embrace the low-nicotine products.

Political Hurdle: It may face political roadblocks, as under the Trump administration, plans to cut nicotine were shelved.

Could Low-Nicotine Cigarettes Be The Solution?

Advocates believe that ultralow-nicotine cigarettes could be a game-changer, comparing them to decaf coffee or non-alcoholic beer—products that reduce harm while offering a similar experience.

Some experts warn that a black market for traditional cigarettes could undermine these efforts. They also stress the need for safer alternatives, such as vaping products, to support smokers transitioning away from traditional cigarettes.

Robotic technology is set to become an accelerating tool across every specialty of medicine, covering diagnostics, treatment and therapy in India, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology Dr. Jitendra Singh said.

Speaking at the inaugural session of the International Conference of the Society of Robotic Surgery in New Delhi, Singh said robotics should not be viewed as technology limited to surgery but as a tool that could increasingly be used across different branches of medicine.

“It’s a tool. It will happen everywhere,” he said, adding that the future could see the emergence of robotic medicine, robotic endocrinology and robotic cardiology, just as AI is finding applications across medical specialties.

Robotics, AI and Precision Medicine

Singh said robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and nanoscience could create a larger ecosystem for precision health delivery and precision medicine.

Emerging technologies, he said, could enable increasingly personalized healthcare based on an individual's genetic profile, environmental conditions, lifestyle and dietary patterns.

He said the next phase of medicine could see greater use of genetically driven diagnostics alongside advances in quantum technologies, nanomedicine, AI and robotics.

Gene Sequencing for Every Newborn

Singh also expressed a desire to launch gene sequencing for every newborn. Referring to the Genome India Program, he said 10,000 individuals have already been sequenced and that AI and robotics could support detailed genetic sequencing across India's population of 1.4 billion.

He also highlighted the potential of tele-robotics, sharing his experience of performing an ultrasound on a person located 10,000 kilometers away in Antarctica.

How Robotics Is Changing Surgery

The shift toward robotic medicine is already visible in surgery. AIIMS experts recently explained how robotic technology is changing gallbladder surgery, building on the transition from open surgery to laparoscopy and now robotic-assisted procedures.

Professor Hemanga K Bhattacharjee, Department of Surgical Disciplines, AIIMS New Delhi, said inflammation, adhesions, scarring and unexpected anatomy can make gallbladder surgery difficult.

“What the surgeon encounters once the procedure begins can be very different from what was expected. In such situations, robotic-assisted surgery can be an ideal option, as the enhanced visualization and instrument control can help the surgeon navigate difficult anatomy with greater precision,” Bhattacharjee said.

The AIIMS Department of Surgical Disciplines uses the da Vinci robotic system, which provides a high-definition 3D view and wristed instruments for controlled movements. The department has performed more than 1,500 robot-assisted surgeries across specialties, according to hospital authorities.

Will Robotics Replace Laparoscopy?

Dr. Sunil Chumber, Head of the Department of Surgical Disciplines at AIIMS, Delhi, has worked through the evolution from open surgery and mini-laparotomy to laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery.

He described robotic-assisted surgery as “a significant step forward” and said he considers it “a superior surgical platform” based on his experience.

“My expectation is that, eventually, gallbladder surgery will be performed robotically and conventional laparoscopy will be phased out,” Chumber said.

“Every generation of surgery builds on what came before it. Laparoscopy was a major advancement in its time, but having worked with robotic-assisted surgery, I believe robotics is the next step in that evolution.”

TikTok star Brooke Eby, who chronicled her life with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), through candid, humorous and deeply personal videos, has died at 37.

Eby was diagnosed with ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, in 2022 at age 33. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that damages the nerve cells responsible for voluntary muscle movement.

Brooke Eby Made ALS Personal

Eby became known for sharing the realities of living with ALS on social media. Her videos combined humor with candid accounts of how the disease affected her mobility, breathing, speech and daily life.

The ALS Network described her as an “extraordinary advocate, storyteller, community builder and friend” whose honesty and humor helped change how people understood ALS.

“Brooke changed the way people see ALS, but she also changed the way people living with ALS find and support one another,” said Sheri Strahl, president and CEO of the ALS Network.

Eby also used her platform to challenge the perception that ALS mainly affects older men.

“I didn’t choose ALS, but I did choose to get loud, and be irreverent about it,” Eby said after receiving an award from the ALS Network for her advocacy.

Also read: New RNA Therapy For ALS, The Disease Stephen Hawking Had: Patient With Rare Motor Neuron Disease Improves

She Documented Her ALS Progression

Eby regularly updated followers as her condition progressed.

In June 2025, she said her breathing capacity had declined significantly over six months. She also shared that she had undergone a procedure to have a feeding tube placed in her stomach.

By January 2026, Eby said she had begun experiencing bulbar symptoms, which can affect speech and swallowing. She reported trouble swallowing, speech disturbances and excess saliva.

In September 2026, she shared that her speech had deteriorated rapidly.

“In the last few weeks, people just can’t understand me at all,” she said, explaining that speaking had also begun requiring careful positioning of her body.

Eby Wanted People To Understand ALS Can Affect Anyone

In a PEOPLE essay, Eby wrote that she wanted people to understand that ALS does not discriminate by age, gender or demographic.

“I have ALS at a relatable age. Personally, I always associated this disease with older men,” she wrote. “But I could be someone’s daughter, sister, mom, girlfriend, wife.”

While much of her content was comedic, Eby also educated her audience about ALS, including how symptoms can vary and how the disease progresses.

Read More: Stanford Scientists Say The Human Brain May Be Two Separate Organs: How It Could Affect ALS & SMA Research

What Is ALS?

ALS affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement. As these nerve cells degenerate, people can develop muscle weakness, loss of movement, difficulty speaking and swallowing, and eventually breathing problems.

ALS can begin in the limbs or with speech and swallowing problems, known as bulbar-onset ALS.

There is currently no cure for ALS, although treatments can help manage symptoms, improve quality of life and extend survival.

ALS Symptoms

Symptoms vary but can include:

• Muscle weakness
• Muscle cramps and twitching
• Muscle atrophy
• Stiffness and spasticity
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing
• Breathing difficulties
• Changes in emotional expression

Some people with ALS also develop cognitive or behavioral changes.

Eby’s social media posts gave thousands of followers a candid look at how the disease could change everyday life, while helping raise awareness about a condition that is often associated with older adults.

Raw milk is often promoted as a natural alternative to pasteurized milk. But unpasteurized milk can carry harmful bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter.

Two young girls in California — 17-month-old Brooklyn and 6-year-old Victoria — were hospitalized with severe E. coli infections after drinking raw goat milk from the same farm, ProPublica reported.

Brooklyn developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a potentially life-threatening complication of E. coli infection, and nearly died.

Doctors suspected the raw milk was the source of the infections.

How Did Brooklyn Get Sick?

Brooklyn’s mother, Emily Marris, had been looking for an alternative to formula after breastfeeding her daughter for a year. As she could not continue breastfeeding due to a medication for chronic hip pain, she tried cow’s milk, which left Brooklyn with constipation.

Marris was then guided to raw goat milk in a Facebook group run by her chiropractor.

Members recommended it, claiming goat milk was easier to digest. The group also directed her to MoonLight Ridge Farm.

Also read: Unsafe Sleep Factors Linked To 73% Of Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths In US: CDC

Brooklyn Developed Severe E. Coli Infection

Brooklyn drank the raw milk for about six months. But on June 2, Brooklyn suddenly began vomiting. Her condition rapidly worsened and she was transferred to Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego.

Doctors diagnosed her with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in which blood clots damage small blood vessels and can cause kidney failure.

A stool test confirmed E. coli O157:H7. Doctors suspected the raw milk was the likely source.

Brooklyn required intensive care, including a breathing tube and dialysis. Her condition became so severe that her parents feared she would not survive. She also went into cardiac arrest three times.

E. coli can live in animal intestines and contaminate milk through fecal matter. Even a small amount can cause infection.

Victoria Also Hospitalized

Brooklyn was not the only child affected. Six-year-old Victoria, who had also consumed milk from the same farm, was treated at the same San Diego hospital for a severe E. coli infection and required blood transfusions.

There are more children suffering from severe infections after drinking raw milk. In the past two years alone, hundreds had fallen ill across nine states from drinking raw milk or eating products made with it, as social media influencers and President Donald Trump’s White House continue to promote the unproven benefits of raw milk and downplaying its risks.

Read More: Are GLP-1 Drugs Safe for Children? Study Finds Nutritional Deficiency in Nearly 17% Within a Year

What Happened to the Farm?

California regulates raw-milk sales, but ProPublica reported the farm sold unlabeled milk without the required license. However, on August 1, the Food and Agriculture Department found that the farm had sold unapproved raw milk without a CDFA license. It was not penalized, the report said.

Brooklyn Faces Long-Term Health Problems

After leaving the hospital, Brooklyn required physical therapy and experienced problems with walking and sleep. Her mother said her development had stalled.

Doctors also warned of possible long-term kidney problems and advised regular nephrology follow-up.

What Is Raw Milk?

Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized. Pasteurization uses heat to destroy harmful bacteria and other pathogens.

Raw-milk proponents often claim that pasteurization destroys nutrients or improves the health benefits of milk. However, experts say pasteurization does not significantly alter milk’s mineral or protein content.

Claims that raw milk improves digestion or boosts immunity have not been scientifically established.

How Does Raw Milk Become Contaminated?

Raw milk can be contaminated through:

Animals: E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter can enter milk through infected animals or fecal contamination.

Environment and equipment: Polluted water, dirt, manure and contaminated milking equipment can also introduce pathogens.

Raw Milk Health Risks

Raw milk can cause diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and fever. In some cases, infections can become severe or life-threatening.

Children, older adults, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable.

Certain E. coli infections can cause HUS, which may lead to kidney failure and other serious complications.

Pasteurization destroys harmful bacteria while preserving the nutritional value of milk. The FDA, CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics advise against consuming raw milk because of its foodborne infection risks.