On Thursday, Uganda confirmed an outbreak of the Ebola virus in its capital city Kampala, with the first confirmed patient dying from it a day before. As per the new developments, the officials are now preparing to deploy a trial vaccine to put an end to this outbreak.

Groups of scientists are working on the vaccine and deployment of more than 2,000 doses of a candidate vaccine against the Sudan strain of Ebola has been planned and confirmed by the Uganda Virus Research Institute. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), Uganda has access to 2,169 doses of trial vaccine. For now, however, there are no approved vaccines for the strain and officials are still investigating the source of the outbreak.

The WHO had also allocated $1 million from its contingency fund for emergencies to support quick action and contain the outbreak in the country.

Confirmed Case

On Wednesday, the Sudan strain of Ebola killed a nurse employed at Kampala's main referral hospital. It is after his death that Ebola was declared an outbreak in the country. Post-mortem samples too have confirmed the Sudan Ebola Virus Disease and at least 44 contacts of the deceased man have been listed for tracing. 30 of these are health workers.

Ebola is a highly infectious hemorrhagic fever, which is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids and tissue. Symptoms include headache, vomiting of blood, muscle pains and bleeding.

it was in the late 2022, when Uganda had last suffered an Ebola outbreak. It killed 55 of the 143 people who were infected and was declared over on January 11, 2023.

What Is Ebola Virus Disease?

As per the WHO, Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but severe illness in humans and is often fatal. People can get infected with the virus if they touch an infected animal when preparing food, or touch body fluids of an infected person such as saliva, urine, faeces or semen, or things that have body fluids of an infected person like clothes or sheets.

How Does Transmission Work?

Ebola enters the body through cuts in the skin or when one is touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue and headache.

It was first discovered in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreak, when in Nzara, South Sudan and other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred near a village near the Ebola River, which is where it gets its name from.

It is highly infectious and transmissible disease, in fact, there have been cases of health-care workers who have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola. This occurs through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not practiced strictly.

Cases of people conducted burial ceremonies, involving direct contact with the body of the deceased too can lead to the transmission of Ebola. Even after the long suffering and recovery, there is a possibility of sexual transmission. Pregnant women who get acute Ebola and recover may still carry the virus in their breastmilk, or in pregnancy related fluids and tissues.

Symptoms:

• feeling tired
• headache
• muscle and joint pain
• eye pain and vision problems
• weight gain
• belly pain and loss of appetite
• hair loss and skin problems
• trouble sleeping
• memory loss
• hearing loss
• depression and anxiety

Even as the US faces major outbreaks of Cyclospora and Salmonella infections, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has finalized safety guidance for operations handling ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh-cut produce.

The guidance incorporates public comments received on the October 2018 draft and replaces the FDA’s 2008 guidance on fresh-cut produce.

“This guidance represents the agency’s current thinking on the issues related to preventing contamination in fresh-cut produce,” the FDA said.

The agency also encouraged the industry to continue advancing food safety practices, including through best-practice documents tailored to specific commodities and processes.

The FDA’s guidance targets manufacturers and processors of fresh-cut produce and recommends measures such as sanitation controls, supplier verification and refrigeration amid ongoing outbreaks of cyclosporiasis and salmonella linked to fresh produce.

What Does the FDA Guidance Include?

The FDA recommendations are not legally binding and are aimed at manufacturers and processors of products such as chopped lettuce, sliced cantaloupe, diced onions, shredded carrots, coleslaw mixes and fruit salads.

Fresh-cut produce can include a single commodity, such as cut lettuce, sliced cantaloupe, diced celery, diced onions and shredded carrots, or combinations of two or more produce items, such as coleslaw mixes and fruit salads.

The FDA has focused on contamination with pathogens including salmonella, cyclospora, E. coli and listeria.

Fresh-cut produce processors should assess whether these pathogens pose potential hazards that require preventive measures, including supply-chain controls, the FDA said.

The recommended measures include:

• Using safe water
• Washing fruits and vegetables with antimicrobial solutions
• Training personnel
• Improving facility design
• Implementing sanitation controls
• Verifying suppliers
• Maintaining appropriate refrigeration

Why Is Fresh-Cut Produce at Risk?

Fresh-cut produce can be particularly susceptible to contamination because pathogens may be introduced at multiple points, including during growing, transportation, manufacturing, commingling with other products or at retail.

The opportunity for contamination can increase at each stage before the food reaches consumers.

Fresh-cut produce also does not undergo a kill step to eliminate pathogens that may be introduced during these processes, and most products are sold ready to eat.

The guidance provides recommendations and examples of how Preventive Controls for Human Food can be implemented to protect fresh-cut RTE produce from biological hazards.

Cyclospora and Salmonella Outbreaks

The guidance comes as the US investigates outbreaks linked to contaminated lettuce and jalapenos that have sickened thousands of people.

The cyclospora outbreak linked to iceberg lettuce from Taylor Farms has spread to 15 states, with Michigan hit the hardest.

“Americans should feel confident in eating fresh produce, including leafy greens at this point,” Diamantas said during an appearance on CNBC. The FDA said it remains confident that iceberg lettuce linked to the cyclospora outbreak had been effectively removed from the market following the July 17 recall.

The US Department of Health and Human Services also said Tuesday on X: “Cyclospora: contained, American food: safe.”

However, the FDA and CDC say the investigation into the cyclospora outbreak remains ongoing.

Separately, Taylor Farms said Monday that it was recalling prepared foods containing jalapenos from retailers in several states because of potential salmonella contamination.

Statins are widely used to lower “bad” LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

A new study published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity found that stopping statins in adults aged 75 and older with no history of cardiovascular disease did not increase the risk of death over three years compared with continuing treatment.

However, LDL cholesterol rose by around 50% among those who stopped taking the drugs.

Stopping Statins Did Not Increase Death Risk

The study found no significant difference in deaths or major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, between older adults who stopped statins and those who continued treatment.

Researchers cautioned that the findings do not mean older adults should routinely stop taking statins.

“The decision to continue or stop statin treatment later in life should be individualized and made through shared decision-making between patients and clinicians,” the researchers said.

Further trials are needed to confirm the findings and assess the long-term effects of stopping statins.

“The benefits of statins increase over time in younger adults and it remains unknown whether stopping the medication could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and death after the three-year follow-up period in older people,” said the researchers from Bordeaux University Hospital and Université de Bordeaux, France.

What Did the Trial Find?

The randomized controlled trial enrolled 1,160 adults aged 75 and older with no history of heart disease or stroke at general practices in France. Participants were randomly assigned to stop or continue their statin medication.

After three years:

• 7.2% (35/484) in the statin discontinuation group had died.
• 7.9% (48/604) in the continuation group had died.
• There was no significant difference in major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes.
• LDL cholesterol rose by 50%, from 115 mg/dL to 171 mg/dL, among those who stopped statins.
• LDL cholesterol showed no change among those who continued treatment.
• Physical and mental quality of life remained unchanged in both groups.

What Does This Mean for Patients?

The study involved people taking statins for primary prevention—those at risk of heart disease or stroke but without established cardiovascular disease.

The researchers stressed that the findings should not be interpreted as a recommendation to stop statins.

Instead, the decision should be based on the individual patient’s circumstances and discussed with a clinician.

Why Are Findings Important?

Evidence on the benefits of statins for primary prevention in older adults remains limited because many statin trials exclude people older than 70 or 80.

A 2013 Cochrane meta-analysis of 18 trials found a 14% reduction in deaths from all causes among adults taking statins for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the median age of participants was 57.

The new findings also differ from observational studies from Denmark and Italy published in 2021. Those studies reported about a 30% higher risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular outcomes after statins were discontinued in older adults.

Unlike those cohort studies, the new research was a randomized controlled trial, but it only followed participants for three years.

How Statins Work

Statins work by reducing the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver, helping slow the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries.

They are prescribed both for people at risk of cardiovascular disease (primary prevention) and those with established cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention).

The new study does not establish that stopping statins is safe for all adults over 75. Longer-term research is needed to determine whether discontinuing treatment could affect cardiovascular risk or mortality beyond three years.

The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) has expanded its Compassionate Allowances (CAL) program by adding 14 serious and rare medical conditions, helping eligible patients to have their disability claims fast-tracked.

The announcement, made on August 11, brings the total number of conditions covered under the programme to 314. According to the SSA, more than 1.2 million people with severe disabilities have been approved through the fast-paced process since CAL was introduced.

Which Conditions Have Been Added To CAL?

The newly included conditions range from rare genetic and neurological disorders to aggressive cancers. They include:

• Aicardi Syndrome
• Baraitser-Winter Syndrome
• Bohring-Opitz Syndrome
• CASK-Related Gene Disorders
• Lafora Disease
• Warburg Micro Syndrome
• Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma
• Primary Cardiac Sarcoma
• Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma
• Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
• Malignant Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy
• OPHN1 Syndrome
• Beare-Stevenson Cutis Gyrata Syndrome
• Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency, neonatal form and Type 1

Also read: Trump Signs Order To Change Childhood Vaccine Schedule Amid Measles Outbreak, Split MMR Into Three Shots

What Is The Compassionate Allowances programme?

For people with severe disabilities, applying for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) can become another burden at a time when they are already dealing with a life-changing diagnosis.

The CAL programme, established in 2008, is designed to reduce the waiting time. When a person applies for disability benefits with a qualifying condition, the SSA can identify the diagnosis and move the claim through an accelerated determination process. In some cases, decisions can take days rather than months due to red tape.

The programme is particularly important for patients whose illnesses may prevent them from working while simultaneously creating significant medical and financial expenses.

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How Can This Expansion Help?

Rare diseases and aggressive cancers can progress rapidly, leaving patients and families with little financial breathing room. A conventional disability determination can involve gathering medical records and reviewing evidence before a decision is made.

“The Compassionate Allowances initiative cuts through red tape and allows us to deliver support to individuals who experience life-changing diagnoses and need help fast,” SSA Commissioner Frank J. Bisignano said.

The agency said it uses technology to identify potential CAL conditions and, where available, receives electronic medical records through its Health IT programme to help adjudicators make faster decisions.

Also read: Donald Trump Mulls Order Targeting Childhood Vaccines And Autism

What Does This Change Mean For Patients?

The most important factor patients must note is that CAL is not a separate benefit or extra payment. It is a faster route through the existing SSDI and SSI disability determination process. Patients must still meet Social Security's definition of disability and other eligibility requirements.

There is also no separate CAL application. Patients should apply for SSDI or SSI and ensure their qualifying diagnosis is clearly documented. The SSA system can then flag eligible claims for accelerated processing of their claims.

For families facing rare, devastating diseases, that difference can be significant. Faster access to existing disability benefits can help bridge the gap between a diagnosis that changes someone's ability to work and the financial support they need to manage life after it.