On Thursday, Uganda confirmed an outbreak of the Ebola virus in its capital city Kampala, with the first confirmed patient dying from it a day before. As per the new developments, the officials are now preparing to deploy a trial vaccine to put an end to this outbreak.

Groups of scientists are working on the vaccine and deployment of more than 2,000 doses of a candidate vaccine against the Sudan strain of Ebola has been planned and confirmed by the Uganda Virus Research Institute. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), Uganda has access to 2,169 doses of trial vaccine. For now, however, there are no approved vaccines for the strain and officials are still investigating the source of the outbreak.

The WHO had also allocated $1 million from its contingency fund for emergencies to support quick action and contain the outbreak in the country.

Confirmed Case

On Wednesday, the Sudan strain of Ebola killed a nurse employed at Kampala's main referral hospital. It is after his death that Ebola was declared an outbreak in the country. Post-mortem samples too have confirmed the Sudan Ebola Virus Disease and at least 44 contacts of the deceased man have been listed for tracing. 30 of these are health workers.

Ebola is a highly infectious hemorrhagic fever, which is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids and tissue. Symptoms include headache, vomiting of blood, muscle pains and bleeding.

it was in the late 2022, when Uganda had last suffered an Ebola outbreak. It killed 55 of the 143 people who were infected and was declared over on January 11, 2023.

What Is Ebola Virus Disease?

As per the WHO, Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but severe illness in humans and is often fatal. People can get infected with the virus if they touch an infected animal when preparing food, or touch body fluids of an infected person such as saliva, urine, faeces or semen, or things that have body fluids of an infected person like clothes or sheets.

How Does Transmission Work?

Ebola enters the body through cuts in the skin or when one is touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue and headache.

It was first discovered in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreak, when in Nzara, South Sudan and other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred near a village near the Ebola River, which is where it gets its name from.

It is highly infectious and transmissible disease, in fact, there have been cases of health-care workers who have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola. This occurs through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not practiced strictly.

Cases of people conducted burial ceremonies, involving direct contact with the body of the deceased too can lead to the transmission of Ebola. Even after the long suffering and recovery, there is a possibility of sexual transmission. Pregnant women who get acute Ebola and recover may still carry the virus in their breastmilk, or in pregnancy related fluids and tissues.

Symptoms:

• feeling tired
• headache
• muscle and joint pain
• eye pain and vision problems
• weight gain
• belly pain and loss of appetite
• hair loss and skin problems
• trouble sleeping
• memory loss
• hearing loss
• depression and anxiety

The US continues to see a significant rise in foodborne illnesses caused by the bacterium Salmonella and the parasite Cyclospora.

The infections have sickened thousands of people, led to hospitalizations and prompted several food product recalls across the country. The CDC estimates that Salmonella causes more than 1 million foodborne illnesses in the United States every year.

Salmonella

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said a Salmonella outbreak linked to jalapeño peppers has infected 431 people across 32 states. This is up from 345 cases in 27 states reported earlier this month.

The CDC said the outbreak, which began between June 19 and August 2, has so far resulted in 57 hospitalizations and no deaths.

The infections have been linked to jalapeño peppers from Sinaloa, Mexico, distributed by Coast Citrus Distributors. More than 90% of people interviewed reported eating at a Mexican-style restaurant before becoming ill, including at Chipotle Mexican Grill and QDOBA, the CDC said.

Chipotle has reportedly switched its jalapeño supplier, while QDOBA restaurants have stopped using the ingredient.

Symptoms of Salmonella Infection

Salmonella illness usually develops 12 to 72 hours after consuming contaminated food and typically lasts four to seven days. Common symptoms include:

• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Abdominal cramps

How To Reduce Salmonella Risk

• If you have recalled jalapeño peppers at home, do not eat them.
• Wash your hands with soap after handling food and during food preparation.
• Clean chopping boards and utensils after preparing food.
• Check food hygiene ratings when choosing catering outlets.

Cyclospora

The CDC’s latest report showed 15,716 confirmed cases of cyclosporiasis in the US. The confirmed cases, reported across 47 states, have led to 828 hospitalisations and two deaths as of August 17. At least 11,841 additional cases of cyclosporiasis may require further investigation and analysis, the CDC said.

The CDC and FDA are also investigating at least six other clusters for which sources have not yet been confirmed.

Michigan, the hardest-hit state in the 17-state cyclosporiasis outbreak, reported 13,909 cases linked to the parasitic disease last week. However, state officials believe that the outbreak may be over.

The cyclosporiasis outbreak is one of the largest foodborne illness events in recent US history. The illness is caused by the Cyclospora parasite, which can lead to diarrhea, nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

How To Reduce Your Risk of Cyclospora

• Check whether recently purchased iceberg lettuce was sourced from Taylor Farms de Mexico, Guanajuato.
• The recall includes:
  1. 12-ounce and 24-ounce Iceberg Salad with best-by dates July 18–August 3
  2. 8-ounce and 16-ounce Shredded Lettuce with best-by dates July 18–August 3
• Discard or return any recalled products. An additional 33 recalled products were supplied to restaurants and are unlikely to be in home refrigerators.
• Avoid eating recalled shredded iceberg lettuce.
• Wash all fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water, even if labelled pre-washed.
• Choose whole heads of lettuce over bagged greens when possible. Remove the outer leaves and wash the inner leaves thoroughly.
• Cook produce whenever possible, as heat is the most effective way to kill Cyclospora.
• Follow safe food-handling practices and stay updated on food recalls.

A popular over-the-counter eye drop has been recalled across the US over concerns that the product may not be sterile, raising the risk of contamination and potential eye infections.

Prestige Brands Holdings has voluntarily recalled 39,060 bottles of Clear Eyes Maximum Itchy Eye Relief, according to the FDA. The recall includes a specific lot of the product.

The recall is particularly important because eye drops are applied directly to the eyes, which means contaminated products can bypass some of the body's natural protective barriers.

Which Clear Eyes Eye Drops Are Recalled?

Consumers who have been using this brand's eye drop must check for the following details:

• Product: Clear Eyes Maximum Itchy Eye Relief
• Bottle size: 15 mL (0.5 fl oz)
• Lot: 2552A
• Expiration date: September 30, 2027
• NDC: 67172-999-01
• UPC: 6 78112 65920 3
• Quantity recalled: 39,060 bottles

The company initiated the voluntary recall on July 29, 2026, and the FDA classified it as a Class II recall on August 14.

A Class II recall means exposure to the affected product could cause medically reversible health consequences, although the likelihood of serious harm is considered remote.

Also read: UK Salmonella Outbreak May Be Linked to Imported Eggs: 1 Dead, 200+ Ill—How to Stay Safe

Why Is Contamination In Eye Drops A Serious Concern?

Eye drops are different from other medicines as they are intended to be strictly sterile at all times. The FDA notes that ophthalmic medicines pose a heightened risk because they could bypass some of the body's natural defences.

Contaminated eye drops can introduce microorganisms directly onto the eye and potentially cause infection.

Depending on the type and severity of contamination, an eye infection can cause symptoms ranging from redness and irritation to pain, discharge, vision changes and, in severe cases, serious damage to the eye. This is why sterility is a major safety requirement for ophthalmic products.

This particular recall is based on a potential contamination and lack of assurance of sterility. It does not mean that every bottle is contaminated or that everyone who used the product will develop an infection.

The FDA has not indicated that every user of the recalled product will experience adverse effects. However, consumers who have a recalled bottle should stop using it rather than taking the risk.

Also read: After FDA Crackdowns, Karnataka Launches QR Code To Report Food & Drug Safety Violations Instantly

What Should You Do If You Have The Recalled Eye Drops?

If you have the recalled bottle of eye drops, check the lot number and expiration date on the packaging. If your bottle matches the recalled product, stop using it.

Consumers should also follow the recall instructions for returning or disposing of the product and can contact a healthcare professional.

The FDA also advises people to stop using eye drops and seek medical advice if they develop eye pain, discharge, changes in vision or significant discomfort.

One Of Many Eye-Drop Recalls

The latest recall comes amid a broader series of eye-drop safety concerns in the US. In recent months, other eye-drop products have also been recalled over sterility concerns and potential contamination. For example, nearly 12 million cartons of certain Rohto Cooling Eye Drops were recalled in July because sterility could not be assured.

The FDA says it continues to monitor ophthalmic products through sampling and testing, because contaminated eye drops have previously been linked to infections and serious eye complications.

A US woman undergoing routine knee surgery at a Nashville hospital was left paralyzed following a medical mistake in which potassium was reportedly given instead of the intended anesthetic.

Speaking to the media, her daughter-in-law said that while the 72-year-old’s knee replacement went well, potassium administered during spinal anesthesia instead of bupivacaine has left her paralyzed.

“The joint replacement went wonderfully. Her knee is great. The rest of her is not,” daughter-in-law Kristina Dorton was quoted as saying by WSMV.com.

What Went Wrong During the Knee Surgery?

On August 14, her mother-in-law went in for a routine knee replacement at Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown. Everything appeared normal for the healthy 72-year-old until the surgical team realized that she had been given the wrong medicine during spinal anesthesia.

“It was supposed to be the anesthetic. It was supposed to be Bupivacaine, and it was potassium, and we don’t know what quantity,” Dorton said.

According to Dorton, when her mother-in-law woke up from surgery, she was sent to the intensive care unit. While the knee replacement was successful, her family is worried that she may never be able to feel her knee or any part of her lower body again.

“Currently, she has zero feeling, movement, or response to pain from her breastbone down. We don’t know what recovery looks like or if there is recovery,” Dorton said.

Four Patients Reportedly Impacted

According to media reports, the woman was not the only patient affected. An investigation found that as many as four patients were impacted by similar “events” involving the administration of the wrong medication at Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown.

“Our hearts are with the four patients and their families impacted by this event. On behalf of our leadership and care teams, I am deeply sorry for the harm caused to our patients,” Dr. Shubhada Jagasia, president and CEO of Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital’s Midtown, said in a statement.

However, hospital officials did not confirm whether the other patients also received potassium instead of the intended anesthetic, stating that they would not provide specific clinical details to protect patients’ privacy.

While Jagasia said the hospital is ensuring that affected patients have access to the resources and ongoing care they need, Dorton said treatment aimed at reversing her mother-in-law’s paralysis has not worked.

“This is life-changing. You don’t come out of this without some type of life-altering, catastrophic deficit,” Dorton said.

“We just are hoping that publicizing this gets some sort of genius somewhere that knows what to do… Time is of the essence here for recovery,” Dorton added.

When Can Potassium Turn Dangerous?

Potassium is an essential mineral that helps the body function. While it plays important roles in blood pressure regulation, bone health and kidney function, having too much potassium in the blood can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening problems.

Too much potassium in the blood is known as hyperkalemia. Severe hyperkalemia can affect the heart’s electrical activity and cause dangerous abnormal heart rhythms or cardiac arrest.

Potassium is also not used as an anesthetic agent. During medical care, potassium levels must be carefully managed because changes in this electrolyte can significantly affect heart and muscle function.