Many of us believe that we are great drinkers and that alcohol does not affect us as much. People who are able to drink without showing any sign of inebriation are known as social drinkers. In short, they are not addicted to alcohol but will not turn down the opportunity to have a good time! While it may seem like it doesn’t affect you, new studies suggest that it is just an illusion, even if you have high tolerance, alcohol affects your cognitive and motor functions more than you think.

The study reveals the below implications and techniques:

• Researchers used a new MRI technique to precisely measure brain electrical activity.
• By comparing brain scans before and after drinking, scientists identified specific areas affected by alcohol and how much brain activity slowed down.
• Participants were chosen to be regular social drinkers without alcohol addiction, ensuring the study focused on the effects of alcohol alone.
• MRI technology provided reliable data on brain activity changes caused by alcohol consumption.

How does the brain react to alcohol?

Think of it as the foundation for your brain's performance. When brain conductivity is high, information flows smoothly, and that helps your brain in rapid processing and response. On the other hand, low conductivity can hinder cognitive function, leading to slower thinking, impaired memory, and difficulties with coordination.

A study conducted at the Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and UNSW Science unveiled a startling connection between alcohol consumption and brain conductivity.

What is the connection between alcohol consumption and brain activity?

While many people brush off the effects of alcohol as temporary changes in behaviour, the reality is much more complex. Beyond the obvious impacts on coordination and judgment, alcohol significantly alters brain function. Alcohol dramatically slowed down brain activity, especially in areas responsible for decision-making, planning, and physical coordination. This decline was so significant that it resembled the brain changes seen in normal ageing. This means even one drink could temporarily accelerate the ageing process of your brain.

Alcohol and Brain activity: What does the study Imply?

The implications of this research are far-reaching. It provides compelling evidence that alcohol consumption has a direct and measurable impact on brain function. The discovery that alcohol can significantly reduce brain conductivity opens new avenues for understanding the neurocognitive effects of alcohol abuse and dependence. While you may not feel like alcohol is affecting you and you have a high tolerance, it most definitely changes and affects your decision-making abilities and impulse control.

Furthermore, the MRI technique employed in the study could be a valuable tool for assessing the impact of other substances on the brain and for developing interventions to mitigate alcohol-related brain damage.

More than 150 people on board a Princess cruise ship which was touring the Caribbean have become ill with norovirus. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the total number to be 153, The CDC noted that 104 of them were passengers, while 49 were crew members. The outbreak was reported on Wednesday.

CDC noted that the Star Princess was a one-week voyage that ended Sunday and passengers and crew members were experiencing symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting.

Princess Cruises noted additional rounds of cleaning and disinfection which were done and ill passengers and crew members were isolated. Staff also consulted with CDC on best practices for eliminating the highly contagious and long-lasting virus - norovirus.

What Is Norovirus?

Also called the bug outbreak, it is caused by the group of viruses that cause severe vomiting and diarrhea. As per the UK Health Security Agency, data for the 2024-25 season in England shows that norovirus laboratory reports are notably higher than the 5-season average.

The data also shows that norovirus typically increases through autumn and into winter, however, this year, an unusual rise has been noticed. The Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) is showing more outbreaks than average.

Dr Luke Powles, Associate Clinical Director, Health Clinics Bupa Global and UK also explained that this virus is also called the winter vomiting bug and is "one of the most common stomach bugs in the UK. It is highly contagious, so spreads easily". The doctor also notes that while the name suggest 'winter', you can get it any time of the year, though it is most common in colder months.

How Do You Get The Virus?

For most people, having norovirus is unpleasant, but mild and recovery could be made in 1 to 2 days. However, it could be more serious for babies, older people and anyone with any existing health condition.

Anyone can get the virus by accidentally getting particles of virus in your mouth and ingesting it. These particles are from feces or vomit from infected people, or can be transmitted via contaminated food and water. It could also spread by touching unclean surfaces like door handles or cutlery.

It is also the No.1 cause of foodborne illness in the US and first occurred in Norwalk, Ohio, in a school in 1968. This is why the first strain is named after the location and is called the Norwalk virus.

It is the main cause of gastroenteritis. The common symptoms include:

• Nausea
• Projectile vomiting
• Watery diarrhea

Usually it lasts for up to 2 days, though for anyone as mentioned above with an existing health condition, or babies who do not yet have a fully developed immune systems, children and older people may be at more risk. If your symptoms are not relieved in 2 days, or it worsens, or you have a serious illness, it is best to consult your doctor.

Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mainly caused by the misuse and overuse of medicines in humans, livestock, food production, and agriculture, gender-based violence and inequalities faced by women worldwide are significantly contributing to the problem by limiting their access to timely and quality healthcare.

Addressing gender inequality is essential to tackling the growing threat of AMR, said global health experts.

Speaking during the March AMR Dialogue session titled “AMR Under the Gender Lens,” organized by the Global AMR Media Alliance (GAMA), scientists, researchers and public health experts highlighted how women often are at a higher risk of AMR due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and complications related to abortions.

The conditions often require antibiotics for effective treatment, but vulnerable women struggle to access them or fail to complete the course.

Antimicrobial Resistance: Why Women Are At High Risk?

According to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, former Chief Scientist at the World Health Organization (WHO), it is impossible to reduce or prevent AMR without addressing gender-based violence because such violence affects women’s ability to seek healthcare.

“Women are at a very high risk of intimate partner violence or domestic violence - physical or sexual. This could lead to more infections. And because of their position within the household and the community, they are less likely to seek timely and adequate care for these injuries or infections, which could lead to drug-resistant infections,” said Dr. Swaminathan, Chairperson at MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, and former Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

“Whether it is STIs or UTIs, or reproductive tract infections, or pelvic inflammatory disease, all of these are linked with sexual violence and an increased risk of antibiotic use. Also, even if the woman may seek care, quite often follow-up is poor. She may have taken a partial course of antibiotics or the wrong doses. Women facing an unplanned pregnancy, who go for an unsafe abortion in some cases, are also at higher risk of AMR,” she added.

Shobha Shukla, Chairperson of GAMA, said gender inequalities and harmful social norms often lead to the neglect of women’s health, making girls and women more vulnerable to antimicrobial resistance.

The experts also discussed the risk of AMR with infectious diseases like TB and HIV/AIDS, which carry deep stigma for women. Women patients often hide their illness, delay testing, avoid clinics, take medicines secretly, or stop treatment early.

Also read: WHO's New Guidance to Accelerate Antibiotics Development for 3 Deadly Bacterial Infections

Antimicrobial Resistance: Gender norms And Power Play

Dr. Esmita Charani, Associate Professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa highlighted the strong power imbalance between patients and healthcare providers, which is often shaped by gender norms.

“Women frequently have less power to advocate for themselves in healthcare settings, whether they are patients or healthcare workers. Many women also prioritize the health of their family members over their own. Social norms also play a major role in AMR control,” the expert said.

Further, Dr. Deepshikha Bhateja from the Indian School of Business noted that cultural practices surrounding menstruation, pregnancy, and caregiving responsibilities can limit women’s access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities.

Lower education levels and limited awareness also prevent many women and girls from seeking healthcare freely. This reduces their ability to access and afford essential antibiotics and quality medical services, leading to incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate treatments that worsen AMR.

Dr. Swaminathan also pointed to the “feminization of agriculture” as another factor.

“From an intersectional perspective, here is a woman who lives in a rural area, she is also a small farmer, she has some livestock, she does some agriculture, and she has a family to look after. And she is alone because she has a migrant husband. And therefore, she has less access to health centers. She has less financial autonomy as well. In such a situation, she would probably be more likely to either neglect infections or take inappropriate treatment”.

Antimicrobial Resistance: How To Tackle

The experts emphasized that effectively tackling AMR requires ensuring that

• Women are diagnosed early,
• women receive proper treatment,
• women complete their medications,
• health policies are designed with women’s realities in mind
• empowering women to play a leading role in preventing the misuse of antibiotics
• gender inequality gets addressed in national AMR action plans.

In a first, a tech entrepreneur from Australia, Paul Conyngham, has claimed to have developed a personalized cancer vaccine for his dog, Rosie, using two popular Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots -- ChatGPT from OpenAI and Grok, built by Elon Musk's xAI.

Conyngham's eight-year-old rescue dog developed large tumors on her legs and was diagnosed with mast cell cancer -- the most common skin cancer in dogs.

Rosie, a staffy-cross-shar pei, had multiple surgeries, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. While that could slow down the disease, it could not help stop her tumor growth. Vets then gave her a maximum of 6 months to live.

However, not willing to give up on his "best mate" who has been with him "through really tough times", Conyngham turned to AI, The Australian reported.

Conyngham, leveraging 17 years of his expertise in data science and artificial intelligence, used ChatGPT and Google DeepMind 's AlphaFold to develop a plan, along with researchers at the University of New South Wales.

"The final vaccine construct for Rose was designed by Grok," Conyngham shared in a post on social media platform X.

The team analyzed two samples of DNA — one healthy, and one from Rosie's cancer. He explained that they converted the tumor into DNA data and used it to develop a treatment, with guidance from ChatGPT throughout the process.

After analyzing protein structures linked to cancer, customized mRNA vaccine was designed to target specific mutations in Rosie's tumor. The vaccine was administered to Rosie in December 2025.

Rosie is now showing significant improvement, and the tumor has reportedly shrunk by half. Conyngham was even shocked to see her jump over a fence while chasing a rabbit.

"This represents a breakthrough in personalized medicine," said Professor Páll Thordarson from UNSW. He added that Rosie’s case shows mRNA-based personalized therapies can be effective and applied quickly, with potential lessons for human treatments.

Despite the positive signs, Conyngham remains cautious. “I’m under no illusion that this is a cure, but I do believe this treatment has bought Rosie significantly more time and quality of life.”

He is now working on developing another vaccine to target a remaining tumor. Conyngham also believes that this approach may one day change how some cancers are treated, and is now helping people who are facing the disease with their pet friends.

"A lot of people have been asking if this can be done for their dogs and for people. I'm speaking with everyone involved to see what is possible here," Conyngham wrote on X, asking them to connect personally via a Google form.