Many of us believe that we are great drinkers and that alcohol does not affect us as much. People who are able to drink without showing any sign of inebriation are known as social drinkers. In short, they are not addicted to alcohol but will not turn down the opportunity to have a good time! While it may seem like it doesn’t affect you, new studies suggest that it is just an illusion, even if you have high tolerance, alcohol affects your cognitive and motor functions more than you think.

The study reveals the below implications and techniques:

• Researchers used a new MRI technique to precisely measure brain electrical activity.
• By comparing brain scans before and after drinking, scientists identified specific areas affected by alcohol and how much brain activity slowed down.
• Participants were chosen to be regular social drinkers without alcohol addiction, ensuring the study focused on the effects of alcohol alone.
• MRI technology provided reliable data on brain activity changes caused by alcohol consumption.

How does the brain react to alcohol?

Think of it as the foundation for your brain's performance. When brain conductivity is high, information flows smoothly, and that helps your brain in rapid processing and response. On the other hand, low conductivity can hinder cognitive function, leading to slower thinking, impaired memory, and difficulties with coordination.

A study conducted at the Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and UNSW Science unveiled a startling connection between alcohol consumption and brain conductivity.

What is the connection between alcohol consumption and brain activity?

While many people brush off the effects of alcohol as temporary changes in behaviour, the reality is much more complex. Beyond the obvious impacts on coordination and judgment, alcohol significantly alters brain function. Alcohol dramatically slowed down brain activity, especially in areas responsible for decision-making, planning, and physical coordination. This decline was so significant that it resembled the brain changes seen in normal ageing. This means even one drink could temporarily accelerate the ageing process of your brain.

Alcohol and Brain activity: What does the study Imply?

The implications of this research are far-reaching. It provides compelling evidence that alcohol consumption has a direct and measurable impact on brain function. The discovery that alcohol can significantly reduce brain conductivity opens new avenues for understanding the neurocognitive effects of alcohol abuse and dependence. While you may not feel like alcohol is affecting you and you have a high tolerance, it most definitely changes and affects your decision-making abilities and impulse control.

Furthermore, the MRI technique employed in the study could be a valuable tool for assessing the impact of other substances on the brain and for developing interventions to mitigate alcohol-related brain damage.

As the US measles outbreak nears 4,000 cases and five deaths amid concerns over vaccine hesitancy, the new CDC director Erica Schwartz says the MMR vaccine is “absolutely safe.”

The US has reported 3,887 confirmed measles cases in 2026, with 95% occurring among unvaccinated people or those with unknown vaccination status, according to CDC data as of October 1. The outbreak has also claimed five lives in Pennsylvania, all reportedly among unvaccinated people.

As of October 5, Pennsylvania has reported 1,004 measles cases, including 198 hospitalizations and five deaths. Lancaster County alone has recorded 391 cases. The outbreak is the worst recorded in the US since the major measles resurgence between 1989 and 1991.

This week, New York Governor Kathy Hochul declared a statewide disaster emergency after the state recorded 108 measles cases through October 3. Of these, 92 cases were reported since July 15 across 18 counties, particularly in under-immunized rural communities.

CDC Director Calls MMR Vaccine ‘Absolutely Safe’

“If there's one vaccine that parents should be talking to their health care providers about in terms of immunizing their children, the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine is absolutely safe, absolutely effective,” said Erica Schwartz, speaking at the WSJ’s Future of Health event.

“We want to make sure that we're constantly telling Americans that the MMR vaccine is safe.”

Measles is a highly infectious disease that can be prevented with vaccination. Two doses of the MMR vaccine are recommended for children, while some adults may also need additional doses depending on their vaccination history and risk.

Measles was considered eliminated in the US since 2000. However, the country could lose that status as cases continue to rise. The Pan American Health Organization is expected to decide in November whether the US has lost its elimination status.

The Trump administration and HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. have faced criticism over their anti-vaccine stance and policies amid the measles resurgence. More recently, President Donald Trump announced a proposal to separate the MMR vaccine into individual shots, which experts have warned could have consequences.

Meanwhile, Schwartz attributed the rise in measles infections across the US to declining herd immunity, saying, “the herd immunity within this country and other nations is lower than ever before.”

“And so because of that herd immunity, we really want it to be about 95%. I think we're hearing 87% in some communities, 98% in other communities. Because the herd immunity is lower, that's why we're seeing this resurgence of measles.”

Schwartz Says Vaccine Hesitancy Is A Global Issue

The recently appointed CDC director also noted that while the US is nearing 4,000 measles cases, there have been more than 45,000 cases of measles in Mexico and Guatemala. She attributed it to global rise in vaccine hesitancy.

“So it's not just a United States issue; it's an international issue. And I think the key critical issue is that there is vaccine hesitancy not just within the United States, but we're seeing that vaccine hesitancy throughout the world. Again, my premise is that all happened around COVID, where we were seeing folks who were just not trusting vaccines in general,” Schwartz said.

“We were finding that children were not getting vaccinated because they were not going to school during that time frame. So there's a number of reasons why we're seeing this increase in measles,” she said, adding that “people are conflating their concerns about all vaccines; all vaccines are bad.”

Schwartz also defended Health Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr., and said he has always maintained that the MMR vaccine is safe and effective.

“I think what people get confused is that the secretary does represent the voices of a number of Americans who are asking the questions about certain vaccines. [...] And so there's this shared decision-making that the secretary is very focused on to say, why aren't we having conversations with parents, with people that may have some concerns about vaccines, rather than saying it's an all-or-nothing premise,” she said.

Plague is highly treatable if caught early, newly appointed CDC Director Erica Schwartz said, adding that the US is monitoring travelers arriving from Siberia following the reported death of a worker in Russia.

Speaking at the WSJ’s Future of Health event, Schwartz said the risk to the US from an unconfirmed case of pneumonic plague in Siberia was extremely low. She noted that the reported illness involved Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague.

“It’s a bacterial disease, a very serious bacterial disease. The one good thing is that it’s a treatable, highly treatable bacterial disease with common antibiotics that most physicians within the United States can utilize,” Schwartz said.

“This is a disease that is spread person to person through respiratory droplets, but as I said, if we can identify cases early, they’re absolutely treatable,” she added.

Read More: Russia Plague Scare: Could It Trigger A New Pandemic? Experts Explain

Schwartz said the CDC was prepared to monitor and screen travelers, particularly those arriving from Russia. She also discussed steps public health officials are taking to ensure Americans are protected from a potential threat linked to the reported case in Russia.

“There are about 200 flights that come into the United States from Siberia, that region. We are working with Department of Homeland Security, working (with) Department of State, Department of War, and other agencies within the government to make sure that we know exactly if anyone from that area comes into the United States,” Schwartz said.

She said flights from Siberia, where the plague-linked Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute is located, typically arrive at JFK International Airport.

“We have a port health station set up in JFK so that we can do appropriate surveillance and screening if anyone from that area comes into the United States. So we’re very well positioned to make sure that we are protected from a potential threat like that,” Schwartz said.

An HHS spokesman said about 200 individuals per year from the Siberian region travel to the United States. Direct flights between Russia and the United States have been suspended since the start of the Ukraine war in 2022.

Also Read: Russia Plague Scare: Is Pneumonic Plague Deadlier Than Bubonic & Septicemic Plague?

Russia Plague: What We Know So Far

Russia has reportedly seen two deaths allegedly linked to pneumonic plague. One was Darya Shipilova, a 28-year-old laboratory technician at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute. The identity of the other person remains unknown.

Shipilova fell ill on September 29, was placed on a ventilator, and died on October 2. Around 200 contacts were reportedly placed under medical observation after she allegedly told doctors that she had accidentally broken a test tube containing live bacteria.

However, Russian authorities maintain that Shipilova died from “unidentified pneumonia”. Authorities said tests of her contacts found no dangerous infectious-disease pathogens, although some reportedly tested positive for COVID-19 or rhinovirus.

Russia has also denied reports of a second death linked to plague, calling them “fake news”.

In a statement published by Russian news agencies, the regulator denied what it called “fake information circulating on social media regarding a second case of illness”.

It said it had completed checks on all contacts of the dead woman, adding that “no health issues related to an infectious disease were detected” and that nearly 5,000 laboratory tests showed no dangerous pathogenic microorganisms, Reuters reported.

US President Donald Trump and Senator Rand Paul have publicly criticized Russia’s handling of the situation, with Trump calling it a “big problem for Russia” and Paul accusing Russia of not fully cooperating with international health authorities.

The XFG COVID-19 variant is driving a rise in cases and hospitalizations in the UK and France, while some US regions are also reporting increases.

XFG, nicknamed ‘American COVID’ or Stratus, is a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variant from the Omicron lineage, formed from LF.7 and LP.8.1.2. The WHO recorded the earliest documented XFG sample on January 27, 2025, and designated it a variant under monitoring in June 2025.

The NHS has advised infected people to stay home to limit spread. The UK is rolling out COVID vaccination, while France is expected to begin its campaign next week.

COVID and flu symptoms can overlap, including cough, fever, sore throat, headache, runny nose and fatigue.

COVID Activity Rises in UK, France

In France, the estimated number of people with COVID consulting GPs for acute respiratory infections rose to 13 per 100,000, from nine the previous week, according to The Connexion. This translates to around 8,806 new cases, up from about 6,000.

In England, hospital PCR positivity rose from 5.9% to 7.0% in the week to September 20, while hospital admissions increased from 0.81 to 1.20 per 100,000. Overall activity remained low.

US CDC data from September 29 showed cases rising in some states while falling or remaining stable in others.

Also read: ‘American Covid’ Strain Drives 50% Surge in UK Hospital Admissions: XFG Symptoms to Know

Is India At Risk?

HealthandMe spoke to experts who said the UK-France rise does not necessarily mean India will see a similar increase.

“The rise in COVID-19 cases in the UK and France does not necessarily mean that India is headed towards a similar increase,” said Dr Suranjit Chatterjee, Senior Consultant, Internal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Delhi.

XFG is being monitored because it has become more common in some countries, but available evidence does not indicate that it causes more severe illness than other circulating variants.

“For India, the more relevant question is whether XFG is increasing locally and whether this is translating into a rise in symptoms or hospitalizations,” Dr Suranjit told HealthandMe .

Does XFG Cause More Severe Disease?

Dr Amit Prakash Singh, Consultant - Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Delhi, said the spread of XFG highlights the need for continued surveillance as SARS-CoV-2 evolves.

“Yet at present there is no evidence to indicate that the XFG variant causes more severe disease than the other Omicron-lineage variants,” he said.

However, the “main concern for India would be a greater rate of transmission, especially among older people, those with comorbidities and the immunocompromised, should the variant become more common in the country”.

What Should India Watch?

Read More: COVID-19 Cases Rise In France, Vaccination Campaign Set To Start Next Week

Dr Amit told HealthandMe India should continue genomic surveillance and monitor hospitalizations and severe disease rather than focusing only on case numbers.

Dr Suranjit said international travel can introduce new variants, but their impact depends on community spread and existing immunity.

“At this stage, there is no reason for people (in India) to be unduly concerned or change their daily routine.”

He added that continued surveillance, timely testing when symptoms occur and sensible precautions during respiratory infections remain appropriate.

Are XFG Vaccines Available?

XFG-specific vaccines have been developed and are either in use or authorized in several countries. The US and UK have opted for XFG-targeted formulations for the 2026–27 season.

In India, an XFG-specific vaccine should be considered available only after regulatory approval and commercial supply.

The WHO continues to stress that vaccination should not be postponed while waiting for an updated formulation.