Until law, GLP-1 drugs were used to treat diabetes, obesity and even the recent evidences suggest that it could as well be used to treat chronic kidney problems. There is yet another research, published in JAMA Psychiatry on February 25, titled Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial that explores if GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide reduce alcohol consumption and cravings in adults with alcohol use disorder.

What Do Studies Say?

The research was conducted over a period of 9 weeks, where in the randomized clinical trial, the participants who were administered semaglutide, it led to reductions in some but not all measures of weekly consumptions. It also reduced weekly alcohol and craving related to placebo, and also led to a greater relative reduction in cigarettes per day.

The research also found that weekly injections of semaglutide, which is the active ingredient in weight loss drugs like Wegovy also helped reduce cravings in people with alcohol use disorder.

The lead author Christian Hendershot said that these findings will help in developing new approaches to treat alcoholism. "Two drugs currently approved to reduce alcohol consumption aren't widely used. The popularity of Ozempic and other GLP-1 receptor agonists increases the chances of broad adoption of these treatments for alcohol use disorder," said Hendershot in news release by the University of Southern California's Institute for Addiction Research, where he is the director.

The study is government-funded research and was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, part of the National Institutes of Health.

How Was The Study Conducted?

The study was small, and took in account for only 48 adults over two months, thus experts say that it is not yet clear how safe these drugs are for people who do not need to lose weight. Though the results do add up with the evidence form animal studies on drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy on how it helps manage cravings, not just for food, but also for tobacco and alcohol. Scientists are also studying these drugs on smokers, people with opioid addiction and cocaine users.

Co-author Dr Klara Klein of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who treats people with obesity and diabetes said, "This is such promising data. And we need more of it. We frequently will hear that once people start these medications that their desire to drink is very reduced, if not completely abolished."

Why Does It Work So Well Against Alcoholism?

The GLP-1 receptor agonists work by mimicking hormones GLP-1 in the gut and brain that regulates appetite and feelings of fullness. This response is what helps one lose weight, and what helps one curb their craving for alcohol. These drugs that mimic the functioning of your brain, which is responsible to tell your body when to stop consuming, are the same hormones that tell your body about other kinds of consumptions, including alcohol. Therefore by consuming the weight loss drugs one can treat alcohol use disorder.

However, the researchers have pointed out on the limited data on the research and have suggested to continue using the three approved drugs by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, namely, Disulfiram, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate to treat alcohol use disorder until large studies confirm these findings.

In the trailer for the eighth season of The Kardashians, Kim Kardashian revealed that she has been diagnosed with esophagitis, a condition involving inflammation and irritation of the esophagus. The conversation sparked memories of her father Robert Kardashian, who died of esophageal cancer in 2003.

In the trailer, someone asks her, “Didn't your father ... isn't it what he died of?” to which she responds, “Yeah.”

Her mother, Kris Jenner, is also seen becoming emotional. Kardashian is shown in a hospital bed, although the trailer does not reveal the exact cause or severity of her esophagitis or any procedure she may have undergone.

But it is important to clarify that esophagitis and esophageal cancer are two different conditions.

What Is Esophagitis?

Esophagitis is a condition in which the lining of the esophagus, the tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach, becomes inflamed.

There are several possible causes for the inflammation of the esophagus. The most common is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus repeatedly. Other causes include certain medications, infections and allergic or conditions related to immune system.

Symptoms can include heartburn, chest pain, painful or difficult swallowing, coughing, hoarseness and a sore throat.

The treatment for esophagitis depends on what is causing the inflammation and can include medicines that reduce stomach acid, treatment for an infection or changes to diet and other habits. The condition is often manageable with treatment.

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Does Esophagitis Increase Cancer Risk?

Esophagitis itself does not mean a person will develop esophageal cancer. The concern refers to when chronic acid reflux continues for years. Repeated exposure to stomach acid can damage the esophageal lining and, in some people, lead to Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus involves changes in the cells lining the lower esophagus and is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, one of the major types of esophageal cancer. However, most people with Barrett's esophagus do not develop cancer.

Rather, in some people, long-standing reflux can cause chronic damage, which can lead to Barrett's esophagus, which in turn is associated with a higher cancer risk.

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Kim Kardashian’s Family History

According to reports, Kim Kardashian's father Robert Kardashian died from esophageal cancer in September 2003 at the age of 59, only about two months after his diagnosis. This family history makes Kim's diagnosis particularly significant.

However, there is currently no public information showing that her esophagitis is hereditary or that it is connected to the cancer her father had. Her diagnosis also does not establish that she has Barrett's esophagus or esophageal cancer. The trailer does not disclose those details.

The Kardashian family has nevertheless remained involved in awareness about esophageal health since Robert's death. In 2019, the family helped establish the Robert G. Kardashian Center for Esophageal Health at UCLA, dedicated to research, treatment and education about diseases of the esophagus.

When Should Esophageal Symptoms Be Checked?

Persistent difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, unexplained weight loss, recurrent vomiting, bleeding or discomfort in chest should not simply be dismissed as normal acidity.

Doctors may use tests such as an upper endoscopy to examine the esophagus and determine whether inflammation, structural changes or other abnormalities are present. Persistent inflammation, particularly when driven by untreated chronic reflux, can sometimes signal a problem that needs medical evaluation and follow-up.

India’s first approved dengue vaccine, QDENGA, could be available in the private market by the first half of 2027, Dr Reddy’s Laboratories said. The company is partnering with Japan’s Takeda to promote and distribute the vaccine in India.

“Subject to the completion of applicable processes with local authorities, the vaccine is anticipated to become available in the first half of 2027,” the companies said.

QDENGA Vaccine: Why The Launch Matters

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India’s dengue burden has risen 11-fold over the past two decades. Rapid urbanization, climate change and mosquito breeding have contributed to the growing public health challenge.

A nationwide ICMR dengue surveillance study found that all four dengue virus serotypes — DENV-1 to DENV-4 — are circulating across multiple regions. About one in 14 patients had concurrent infections with multiple serotypes.

QDENGA Approved In India: Who Can Take It?

QDENGA received market authorization from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) in July to prevent dengue in people aged 4 to 60 years.

According to Takeda, it can be given regardless of previous dengue infection and does not require pre-vaccination testing.

Since 2022, QDENGA has been approved in 43 countries across Asia, Latin America and Europe. It is also part of Brazil’s National Immunization Program and public immunization programs in Argentina, Colombia and Indonesia.

How Effective Is QDENGA?

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QDENGA is designed to protect against all four dengue virus serotypes, regardless of previous dengue exposure.

The DCGI approval is supported by Takeda’s clinical program, which included 19 Phase 1, 2 and 3 trials involving more than 28,000 participants.

The pivotal Phase III TIDES trial included more than 20,000 participants across eight countries. Key findings included:

• 80.2% efficacy against virologically confirmed dengue one year after the second dose.
• 90.4% efficacy against dengue-related hospitalization at 18 months.
• 84.1% protection against dengue-related hospitalization after 4.5 years.
• Data showed protection across all four serotypes for up to seven years.

An Indian Phase III trial involving people aged 4 to 60 years also found the vaccine safe, well tolerated and immunogenic.

What Is QDENGA?

QDENGA (TAK-003) is a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine targeting all four dengue virus serotypes.

It is given as two 0.5 mL subcutaneous doses, three months apart. The vaccine uses a DENV-2 backbone with structural proteins from DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4.

The WHO recommends QDENGA for use in dengue-endemic settings without pre-vaccination screening. It is also WHO-prequalified for procurement through agencies including UNICEF and PAHO.

QDENGA Manufacturing In India

Dr Reddy’s will handle promotion and distribution in the private market, while Takeda will retain rights to promote and distribute QDENGA in India’s public market.

In February 2024, Takeda partnered with Hyderabad-based vaccine maker Biological E to expand QDENGA production.

Biological E plans to manufacture 50 million doses annually, supporting Takeda’s goal of producing 100 million doses globally each year by the end of the decade.

The company’s production will focus heavily on multi-dose vials for public health sectors and National Immunization Programs in dengue-endemic countries globally.

Nearly one in four doctors globally is aged 55 or older and could reach retirement age within the next decade, according to a new World Health Organization (WHO) report, highlighting growing pressure on health systems.

The WHO has published its National Health Workforce Accounts: Health Workforce Levels and Trends 2026, the first in an annual series providing a global picture of health workforce levels and trends.

The report flagged that ageing among health workers is intensifying workforce shortages in some countries, while an ageing population is simultaneously increasing demand for healthcare services.

The global health worker shortage fell from 20 million in 2013 to 15 million in 2020 and was earlier projected to reach 10 million by 2030. However, newer analysis has revised the 2030 shortage estimate upward to 11.1 million.

“Ageing is the hidden health workforce crisis that requires urgent attention. It is creating a double pressure on health systems, primarily in high-income countries,” said Dr Khassoum Diallo, Acting Unit Head of Health Workforce Policies and Data, WHO Academy.

“We know that better data drives better policy, and these findings reinforce the importance of future-focused action to strengthen health workforce planning, education, employment and retention,” Dr Diallo added.

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Key Findings From The WHO Report

Based on the latest available data from 122 countries, nearly 25% of doctors are aged 55 or older and could reach retirement age within the next decade. In high-income countries, this rises to nearly one in three.

There are currently more than 70 million health and care workers worldwide. Global health workforce density increased by 52%, from 44.8 per 10,000 people in 2006 to 67.9 in 2025.

The WHO estimates that:

• 67 countries will not have enough health workers to maintain population health needs by 2030.
• The global health workforce shortage is projected to reach 11.1 million by 2030.
• An additional 832,000 health workers are needed just to maintain current age-standardized workforce density, primarily in high-income countries.

Major Gaps Between Rich And Poor Countries

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The report also found major disparities in health worker availability between regions and income groups.

The density of medical doctors is 13 times higher, while the density of nurses and midwifery personnel is six times higher, in the WHO European Region than in the WHO African Region.

Health worker density also remains strongly linked to national income, with high-income countries having substantially greater workforce density than low-income countries.

“Despite gains in workforce production and data reporting, uneven and severe shortages of health and care workers remain, and health worker density remains strongly correlated with national income,” explained Dr Diallo. “Addressing these inequities is essential to achieving Health for All.”

Ageing Population Could Further Increase Demand

The workforce challenge is also unfolding as the global population ages. About one in 10 people worldwide was aged 65 or older in 2024. In high-income countries, the share was nearly one in five. Globally, the proportion is projected to reach about one in eight by 2030.

The WHO noted that population ageing will increase healthcare needs, meaning countries cannot simply aim to maintain their current health workforce density.

“Investing in the health and care workforce is essential to strengthening health systems, safeguarding health security and advancing sustainable development,” said Dr Diallo.