When it comes to the health of an obese person, suddenly everyone becomes a doctor, a health coach and motivational speaker. Most people believe all the person has to do is exercise more and eat less, but that is not the case at all. While you may not believe them, certain details like what you ate before exercising and the time of day you exercise at can affect a person’s health, it certainly plays a role! Fitness is never a linear process for anyone. While some people see a big difference in the first few weeks, other may not see a difference even months later. While these things may be discouraging, you have to remember that your health does not stop getting better every day, even if it is not apparent to the naked eye.

A new research published in Diabetes Care suggests that people with obesity, especially those who also have type 2 diabetes, might get the most health benefits if they exercise between 6 p.m. and midnight. The study found that people who were most active at night had a lower risk of heart problems and dying early compared to those who exercised at other times. This is interesting, but we need more research to be sure about it.

How The Time You Exercise Affects Your Health

Other studies have suggested that exercising at night is good for people with type 2 diabetes. This new research wanted to learn more about it and see how the time of your workout affects your health in the long run. Researchers looked at almost 30,000 people with obesity, some also had type 2 diabetes. People wore devices that tracked their activity for a week, so the researchers could see when they were most active. After watching these people for almost eight years, they found that the people who did most of their exercise at night had the lowest risk of health problems, like heart disease. While exercising at night seemed best, exercising at any time was better than not exercising at all.

Morning vs. Night Workouts: Which is Better?

The study suggests that nighttime workouts might be best for people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. But experts say the most important thing is to exercise whenever you can. Nighttime might be better, but it's not always possible for everyone. People are busy with work, family, and other things. So, the main message is: any exercise is good, no matter when you do it. Don't let worrying about the "perfect time" stop you from being active. Adults should try to get about 2 and a half hours of moderate exercise each week, plus some strength training. If someone with obesity or type 2 diabetes can exercise between 6 p.m. and midnight, they might want to try it. But everyone's different. Exercise should be something you can do regularly, not something that's a struggle. If nights don't work, that's okay! Even short bits of activity during the day, like walking at lunch, are helpful. The best workout is the one you'll actually do.

Things to Keep in Mind Before You Start Working Out

If you're new to exercise or haven't been active for a while, start slowly and gradually do more. It's a good idea to work with a trainer or a friend who can help you and make sure you're being safe. This is especially important for people who are overweight, have obesity, or type 2 diabetes, because they might have other health problems that exercise can affect. Pay attention to your body and stop if you feel dizzy, have chest pain, or just don't feel good. Always talk to your doctor before starting a new workout plan, especially if you have any health problems. They can give you advice that's right for you.

Sources

Timing of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Microvascular Disease in Adults With Obesity

For many people, completing a daily step goal feels like a sign of an active lifestyle. Fitness trackers, wellness challenges and social media trends have popularized the belief that 10,000 steps can undo the negative effects of long hours spent at a desk. However, vascular experts warn that this assumption is misleading. Prolonged sitting continues to damage the veins and circulation even if one walks later in the day.

Vascular Surgeon and Varicose Vein Specialist Dr Sumit Kapadia recently posted a video on his Instagram channel explaining why step counts alone cannot protect vascular health. He said this is something he tells his patients almost every day. Even if someone completes their step goal in the evening, the body has already endured hours of immobility that strain the veins.

According to Dr Kapadia, circulation does not depend on how much a person walks in total. Instead, it depends on how frequently they move. Long stretches of sitting from nine in the morning to seven in the evening cause blood to stagnate in the legs. This stagnation triggers a progressive cycle: vein valve weakness, swelling, varicose veins and, over time, an increased risk of developing blood clots.

Why Sitting for Long Hours Harms the Veins

When a person sits for too long, blood flow in the legs slows down. Veins must work harder to pump blood upward toward the heart, especially against gravity. The longer blood pools in the lower legs, the more pressure builds inside the veins. Over time, this weakens the valves that keep blood moving in the right direction.

Dr Kapadia explained that even a healthy step count cannot reverse ten hours of immobility. The veins experience stress and pressure throughout the day, and walking later does not undo the hours of stagnation already endured.

People with sedentary jobs, long commutes or limited movement throughout the day are especially at risk. Additional factors like being overweight, having a family history of venous disease, or standing for long hours without moving can worsen the impact.

Movement Frequency Matters More Than Step Count

According to Dr Kapadia, vascular health depends more on how often you move than how much you walk. The solution is not long-distance jogging or intense workouts after work, but small, consistent breaks during the day.

He offered a simple rule for preventing vein damage:

• Get up every 45 to 60 minutes.
• Stretch briefly to activate muscles.
• Walk for at least two minutes.
• Move your calf muscles, which act as the body’s “peripheral heart.”

Calf muscles play a major role in circulating blood back to the heart. When they contract, they push blood upward from the legs. But when they remain still for long periods, this pumping mechanism weakens. Small actions like ankle rotations, standing on tiptoes or short hallway walks can activate this pump and support vein health.

Small Breaks Make a Big Difference

Dr Kapadia emphasized that the veins do not need marathons. They need movement. Tiny breaks spread across the day help prevent swelling, heaviness, varicose veins and long-term complications such as deep vein thrombosis.

In a world where work, travel and digital life keep people sitting for most of the day, this message is more relevant than ever. Steps matter, but frequency matters far more. The key to healthy veins is simple: move often.

Strength training, also known as resistance training, involves working your muscles against some form of resistance, which helps them grow stronger and larger. It is an essential part of any fitness routine. While lifting weights is the most common form of strength training, there are several other ways to practice it.

One such method is calisthenics, which relies on your own body weight as resistance. Though both weightlifting and calisthenics fall under strength training, they produce different outcomes. Choosing the right one depends on your personal fitness objectives. Lately, calisthenics has been gaining renewed attention in the fitness world. Below, we break down what calisthenics is and whether it might be better for your workouts.

What Is Calisthenics?

Calisthenics is a workout style that primarily uses your body weight and often requires minimal or no equipment. Common calisthenics exercises include pushups, squats, crunches, planks, burpees, pullups, and lunges. These movements typically involve large muscle groups, like those used in pushups. Most people perform them at a moderate pace to improve coordination, flexibility, and overall strength. The practice of calisthenics dates back to Ancient Greece and continues to be popular today. It is accessible to people of all fitness levels, and many exercises don’t need any equipment at all.

How Effective Is Calisthenics?

Research indicates that calisthenics can improve everything from muscular strength to cardiovascular fitness, according to Anatolia Vick-Kregel, director of the Lifetime Physical Activity Program at Rice University. “Body weight is phenomenal,” she noted.

However, there are some limitations, said John Raglin, professor of kinesiology at the Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington. “It can be effective,” Raglin explained. “But thinking it can fully replace even simple equipment isn’t entirely correct.” Using equipment can sometimes make exercises easier or safer. Many people, for example, perform pushups with incorrect form. “If someone lacks strength or has joint problems or arthritis, lying on a bench and using light hand weights can be both safer and more practical,” he added.

Is Calisthenics Better Than Weightlifting?

Calisthenics tends to burn more calories, which can help reduce body fat and support weight loss. That’s because these exercises involve continuous movement, requiring more energy, which the body gets by burning calories. The higher the energy expenditure, the greater the potential for weight loss. Healthline notes that calisthenics can also be included in high-intensity workouts like HIIT or circuit training, further boosting calorie burn.

Weightlifting, on the other hand, focuses on isolated movements that don’t demand as much energy. Still, it contributes to weight management by increasing muscle mass, which raises your basal metabolic rate—the calories your body burns at rest.

Can You Combine Calisthenics And Weightlifting?

Combining the two methods is an excellent way to enjoy the benefits of both.

There are a few approaches to merging calisthenics with weightlifting:

• Same-day approach: Include both calisthenics and weightlifting exercises in one strength-training session.
• Alternate-day approach: Focus on one method per day, alternating between calisthenics and weightlifting throughout the week.

Since both forms provide resistance to your muscles, it’s important not to overdo it. Include rest days and listen to your body. For the best guidance on blending calisthenics and weightlifting, consult a personal trainer. They can tailor a program with the right exercises to suit your specific goals.

As of November 19, 7am, Delhi's AQI as per the official data stands at 388, however, as per aqi.in, the average AQI of the city stands at 601 at 8.50 am. While there has been data discrepancies, as a result of which, people have come to street to protest against the continuous worsening air quality of the national capital. Amid this, Dr Manan Vora, a Mumbai-based orthopedic surgeon and sports doctor shared some tips to stay safe amid polluted air.

While watching a video of a person cleaning their clogged air purifier, Dr Vora says, "Your air purifiers can change filters but your lungs cannot," and suggests the following 5 tips:

Creation Of Clean Room

The first tip Dr Vora shares is to create a clean room, which can reduce exposure of pollutants by 60 to 70%. This could be achieved by an air purifier. He suggests everyone to decide one room in the house and shut its doors, and windows during peak hours, and turn on air purifier only in that room. "This alone curbs your exposure by 60 to 70%," he says.

Wear N-95 Mask

The doctor advises to wear an N-95 mask whenever someone is stepping outdoors. He mentions that a cloth or a surgical mask won't protect them against the pollutants, as N-95 masks are the only protective gears with filters that can keep the pollutants out when you breathe. "Only N-95 blocks the same particles clogging the purifier," he says, referring to a video of cleaning a clogged air purifier's filter.

Skip Morning Walks

"Skip your morning walks," he suggests. "AQI is highest at the sunrise and breathing rate triples while exercising. This means you inhale three times more pollution per minute," he says.

This happens because pollutants accumulate overnight, and without wind or sunlight, PM2.5 or the particulate matter stays trapped near the ground, leading to pollution being at its peak by sunrise. As per the data by aqi.in, highest AQI is always registered between 6am to 9am.

Use Wet Mop

Dr Vora suggests that while cleaning your house, instead of dry dusting, use a wet mop, this reduces dust particles. "Dry dusting pushes all the particles back into the air," he says.

Hydrate Your Self, Check On Your Check

The fifth tip he shares is to stay hydrated and consume vitamin C and other antioxidant-rich foods. As per the National Institutes of Health (NIH), US, vitamin C increases resistance to various viral and bacterial infections. A 2007 study published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine noted that vitamin C or its supplement could in fact help patients with pneumonia or other lung-related disease. Thus vitamin C is a good boost for when lungs are at high risk, all thanks to the pollution.

The doctor also suggests the consumption of amla or Indian gooseberry and turmeric to boost your immunity. However, the doctor notes that while they do not cure pollution, but consuming these may reduce inflammation caused by pollutants.

"You cannot fix the AQI of your city, but you can control how much of it enters your body."