The global obesity epidemic, affecting over one billion people worldwide, is largely driven by eating behaviors. Appetite, influenced by both intrinsic and environmental factors, plays a crucial role in weight management. A recent study how exercise affects appetite perception in obese males, shedding light on the physiological mechanisms behind hunger suppression post-exercise.

While exercise is well-known for its benefits in weight management, its direct impact on appetite control has remained a subject of debate. Appetite is regulated by a complex network of gastrointestinal and neurohormonal signals, including hormones like ghrelin, leptin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These hormones influence hunger levels, satiety, and energy balance.

The study published in Physiological Reports examines investigated how moderate continuous aerobic exercise (MICE) alters these hormone levels in obese men, ultimately affecting their hunger perception. The findings reveal that certain myokines and cytokines shift dynamically post-exercise, potentially reducing appetite and offering a promising strategy for weight management.

Hormonal Responses to Exercise

The study found that after exercise, there was a significant increase in IL-6 and irisin levels in the exercise group compared to those who remained sedentary. These elevated concentrations persisted for an hour after working out. IL-6 has been associated with regulating metabolism and enhancing fat oxidation, while irisin plays a role in converting white fat into more metabolically active brown fat.

Conversely, the study reported a decrease in neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels, a key neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating appetite. The decline in NPY levels post-exercise suggests a temporary suppression of hunger, supporting the idea that exercise can curb cravings. However, the study did not observe significant changes in IL-7 or leptin levels, two other hormones involved in appetite regulation.

Why Some People Struggle to Lose Weight

Ghrelin, often called the “hunger hormone,” stimulates appetite by increasing activity in specific areas of the brain. Individuals with higher ghrelin levels generally find it harder to lose weight because their bodies signal hunger more frequently.

Research suggests that dieting can lead to an increase in ghrelin levels, making weight loss challenging. Certain medical conditions, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Prader-Willi syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa, are also linked to elevated ghrelin levels, complicating appetite regulation further.

Challenges in Implementing Exercise for Appetite Control

While exercise has clear benefits, the findings should be interpreted with caution. He pointed out that the study had a small sample size, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions.

Moreover, he highlighted the challenges faced by obese individuals in maintaining an intensive exercise routine. While exercise-induced appetite suppression is promising, consistently engaging in high-intensity workouts may be unrealistic for those who struggle with mobility or fitness levels. More extensive studies are needed to determine the optimal exercise duration and intensity for effective appetite suppression.

Tips to Naturally And Safely Suppressing Appetite

Besides exercise, there are several strategies individuals can use to naturally suppress their appetite and improve satiety:

Increase Protein Intake: Protein-rich foods, such as lean meats, legumes, and dairy, promote feelings of fullness and reduce hunger.

Stay Hydrated: Drinking water before meals can help control portion sizes and prevent overeating.

Opt for Fiber-Rich Foods: Whole grains, vegetables, and fruits high in fiber take longer to digest, keeping you full for longer.

Reduce Simple Carbohydrates and Sugars: Simple carbs and sugars cause rapid spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels, leading to increased hunger.

Prioritize Sleep: Poor sleep disrupts hunger-regulating hormones, making it harder to control cravings.

Manage Stress: Chronic stress increases cortisol levels, which can lead to overeating and weight gain.

The study’s findings indicate that moderate exercise can temporarily suppress appetite by altering key hormones. While more research is needed to refine the details—such as optimal workout duration and intensity—this insight adds to the growing body of evidence supporting exercise as a tool for appetite regulation and weight management.

For individuals looking to curb cravings and maintain a healthy weight, incorporating a well-balanced diet alongside regular exercise remains the most sustainable approach. Future studies focusing on larger populations and long-term effects could provide deeper insights into how exercise can be optimized for appetite control, making it an effective strategy in combating obesity.

Exercise alone is not a magic solution for weight loss, but its impact on appetite hormones presents a promising avenue for managing hunger and energy balance. As research continues to evolve, it becomes increasingly clear that integrating physical activity with mindful eating habits can play a vital role in achieving and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

A new study has uncovered how physical activity can help aging muscles repair themselves, explaining why regular exercise remains one of the most powerful tools for healthy aging physiologically.

Exercise Can Help Reverse Muscle Aging: Study

Researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School, working with collaborators from Singapore General Hospital and Cardiff University, found that exercise retains and restores a natural cellular repair system that usually weakens with age.

Their findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), identify a gene called DEAF1 as a muscle aging element, suggesting it could become useful in therapies for preventing age-related muscle loss.

About The Study

Muscles are essential for regulating metabolism, blood sugar levels, and supporting overall health. However, muscle strength begins to decline as you age, increasing the risk of falls, fractures, and slower recovery from illness or injury.

A cellular growth pathway called mTORC1 plays an important role in maintaining healthy muscles by regulating protein production. But in aging muscles, this pathway becomes overworked.

According to the study, DEAF1 levels increase as muscles age, driving excessive mTORC1 activity and disrupting the balance between building new proteins and clearing away damaged ones. This accelerates muscle deterioration.

Under normal conditions, DEAF1 is kept under control by proteins known as FOXO. However, FOXO activity naturally declines with age, allowing DEAF1 levels to rise unchecked and reduce the muscle's ability to repair itself.

Read more: Bryan Johnson's Autoimmune Gastritis Sheds Light On Iron Deficiency In Americans

Exercise Restores Muscle Health

Exercise can reverse this imbalance significantly if the muscles are still optimal and responsive.

Assistant Professor Tang Hong-Wen, lead author of the study from Duke-NUS Medical School said, “Exercise can reverse this process, correcting the imbalance. Physical activity activates certain proteins which lower DEAF1 levels, bringing the growth pathway back into balance. This allows aging muscles to clear out damaged proteins, rebuild themselves properly, and help them stay stronger and more resilient.”

The researchers believe the results extend beyond normal aging. DEAF1 also affects muscle stem cells, which are responsible for repairing damaged tissue but naturally become less effective with age.

Targeting the gene could potentially improve muscle recovery after surgery, illness, or conditions such as cancer, particularly in people who are unable to exercise.

“Exercise tells muscles to 'clean up and reset.' Lowering DEAF1 helps older muscles regain strength and balance, almost like hitting the rewind button. With millions of older adults at risk of muscle decline, understanding DEAF1 could lead to new ways to protect muscles and improve quality of life,” said Priscillia Choy Sze Mun, first author of the study.

Healthy muscles are essential for far more than movement. They help maintain balance, support metabolism, regulate blood sugar, and enable people to stay independent as they age.

The study also confirms that regular exercise not only strengthens muscles but also helps retain their ability to repair themselves at the cellular level. In short, staying physically active remains one of the most effective ways to protect muscle health and promote healthy aging.

Cardio has long been the gold standard for heart health, while yoga is often seen as a way to enhance flexibility or relieve stress. This has led to a debate over which is better for overall health.

On the 12th International Yoga Day 2026, HealthandMe turned to experts to understand the ultimate regimen for heart and overall health.

Is the Debate Warranted?

Dr. V Mohan, Chairman of Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, told HealthandMe that yoga and cardio exercises provide a lot of health benefits.

Rather than viewing yoga and cardio as competing options, they should be seen as complementary forms of exercise, he said.

Dr. Sudhir Kumar, Senior Consultant Neurologist at the Institute of Neurosciences, Apollo Hospitals, echoed a similar view, noting that the debate between yoga and cardio is often framed incorrectly because they are not competing interventions and offer complementary benefits.

Yoga vs Cardio

The experts explained that both forms of exercise work in different ways.

Brisk walking, running, cycling, jogging, and swimming are cardio exercises that help improve cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, and calorie burning.

On the other hand, yoga focuses mainly on balance, strength, flexibility, stress management, and emotional well-being.

Dr Sudhir told HealthandMe that aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, running, cycling, or swimming, has the strongest evidence for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂ max), reducing cardiovascular risk, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and lowering the risk of diabetes, heart attack, and stroke.

Dr Mohan added that yoga helps improve balance, strength, flexibility, stress management, and emotional well-being. Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, and elevated cortisol levels can cause uncontrolled blood sugar levels and may contribute to weight gain. Yoga helps address these issues while improving overall quality of life.

What Is An Ideal Fitness Regimen?

Dr Mohan said an ideal fitness regimen should include both cardio exercises for metabolic and cardiovascular health, and yoga for stress management, boosting self-esteem, and long-term sustainability.

Dr Sudhir said that for overall health, neither should be viewed as a substitute for the other. Current scientific evidence supports a combination approach: regular aerobic exercise for heart and metabolic health, strength training for musculoskeletal health, and yoga for flexibility, recovery, and stress management.

"The best exercise is ultimately the one that is sustainable and becomes a lifelong habit," he said.

Both Have an Important Role

Vadodara-based cardiologist Dr Pruthvirajsinh Puwar, Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, shared that both play an important role.

"Cardio activities like walking, running, or cycling help strengthen the heart muscle, improve blood circulation, and control weight. Yoga, on the other hand, helps reduce stress, improve breathing, balance blood pressure, and calm the nervous system," he said in an Instagram post.

He suggested combining both — regular physical activity for strength and yoga for balance and relaxation.

How Yoga Benefits Heart Health

Several studies have claimed the benefits of yoga for reducing the risk of hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, which are key to reducing health risks as well as improving overall health.

One of yoga's most significant benefits for heart health is its ability to promote relaxation of both the body and mind. Emotional stress triggers the release of hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. Through controlled breathing and mindfulness, yoga can help counter these stress-related effects.

Feelings of anxiety and depression are also common after major cardiac events, including a heart attack, bypass surgery, or a diagnosis of heart disease. When incorporated into a broader treatment plan, yoga can support stress management and emotional well-being during recovery.

By the time the workday ends, many of us have already spent 8-9 or even 10 hours sitting. We shift from the breakfast table to a desk, from a desk to a meeting room, and from a meeting room to the couch. Somewhere in between, our shoulders tighten, our neck starts to ache, and our lower back quietly protests. The irony? Humans were built to move, yet modern work often demands the opposite.

That's why, this International Yoga Day, wellness experts are drawing attention to a version of yoga that doesn't require a studio membership, expensive equipment, or even a yoga mat. It can happen between emails, during a coffee break, or while waiting for a video call to start. Desk yoga is less about perfect poses and more about breaking the body's 'sitting spell.'

A growing number of workplace wellness experts agree that people often think yoga only counts if they're doing a full session. But, in reality, even a few minutes of mindful movement can make a noticeable difference.

Here Are 10 Stretches Worth Working Into Your Day

Read More: Natural Origin or Lab Leak? Gabbard Reignites COVID Origins Debate, Claims Fauci Funded Wuhan Lab Research

1. Start with a seated cat-cow stretch. Sitting upright, alternate between arching and rounding your back. It feels surprisingly good after staring at a screen for hours and helps wake up a stiff spine.
2. Next, give your neck some attention. A gentle neck stretch, where you lower one ear toward the shoulder, can ease the tension many people carry without realizing it.
3. The third one is a seated spinal twist because your spine gets the brunt of you being seated all day. It is another office-friendly move. All you have to do is rotate your body gently from side-to-side can greatly help in loosening up the back and improving mobility after staying in one position for long periods of time.
4. Then come the shoulders, the body part that is worked a lot in an office setting. A few slow shoulder rolls can release built-up tension and encourage better posture.
5. For those constantly typing, a wrist stretch can feel like instant relief. Extend one arm and gently pull back the fingers to counter repetitive movements from keyboards and touchpads.
6. A side stretch is particularly helpful when energy levels begin to dip. Reaching one arm overhead and bending sideways creates space through the torso and encourages deeper breathing.
7. One of the most underrated desk stretches is the chair pigeon pose. By crossing one ankle over the opposite knee while seated, you target tight hips and glutes, areas that often bear the brunt of prolonged sitting.
8. If space allows, try a seated forward fold. Leaning forward from the hips helps lengthen the back and provides a welcome break from being upright all day.
9. Don't overlook your feet and ankles. Simple ankle circles can improve circulation, especially during long stretches of uninterrupted desk work.
10. Finally, there's seated mountain pose. It may look like ordinary sitting, but done intentionally, with a tall spine, relaxed shoulders, and steady breathing, it becomes a reminder of how posture affects the way we feel.

What makes these movements effective isn't their complexity. In fact, it's the opposite. They are small enough to be repeated consistently. That's the lesson many yoga teachers emphasize every year: wellness isn't always found in grand gestures. Sometimes it's in the decision to stand up, stretch, breathe deeply, and reconnect with a body that's been patiently waiting for attention.

This International Yoga Day 2026, you don't have to roll out a mat or clear your schedule. Your desk, your chair, and five spare minutes may be enough to get started. And after a day spent sitting, your body will probably thank you for it.